The correct implant site design and placement are the basic clinical techniques that must be known for implant restoration. For a long time, most implants have been placed by free hands, and the choice of site is mostly dependent on the accumulation of long-term experience of the surgeon. The selection of implant site guided by this experience analogy logic is often based on the surgeon's level of experience,which often makes it very easy to produce complications related to the implant restoration of the incorrect site. In contrast, a clinical program using digital guidance and real-time measurable verification has emerged based on the restoration-oriented implantation concept, which marks the formation of an accurate, measurable and verifiable whole-process digital implant prototype. Furthermore, from the perspective of surveying, the numerical requirements that digital implant restoration relies on are actually incomplete to the four elements of measurement, which leading to the doubts about its authenticity. This article will question the numbers in implant restoration, and conduct a preliminary demonstration, and propose a new reliable actual measurement and verification method of the correct location and the numerical requirements of the restoration space and a new clinical program that relies on numbers from the perspective of the evolution of digital restoration, guided implantology and actual measurement technology. And this article further discusses the current mainstream implant restoration technology based on experience analogy which cannot effectively support the whole process of digital implant restoration and provides a new logical cognitive basis for the final realization of the entire process of digital implant restoration.
Computer-Aided Design ; Dental Implantation, Endosseous ; Dental Implants ; Humans ; Prosthodontics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical feasibility and technical characteristics of immediate loading and to access the short-term clinical results of treatment.

METHODSThis study included 3 completely edentulous patients and 24 patients who were partially edentulous from March 1999 to December 2003. 21 implants were immediately loaded and provided support for mandibular overdenture for 3 fully edentulous patients. 30 implants were placed in 21 partially edentulous patients and implants were immediate loaded in edentulous mandibular providing support for fixed provisional prosthesis within 6 months. Then, metal-ceramic crowns were completed. All patients were followed up by 1, 3, 6, 12 months and the patients were checked every 12 months.

RESULTSA total of 42 implants were loaded immediately. From March 1999 to December 2003, no implants were lost during follow-up (range 3 to 49 months, mean of 28 months). No infections, nerve or sinus damage or other sequelae occurred. No implants exhibited peri-implant radiolucencies. Moreover, immediate loading seems to increase the ossification of the alveolar bone around endosseous implants. Patients were satisfied with the treatment.

CONCLUSIONSThe data and the experience described in this study indicate that immediate loading with restorations using appropriate surgical and restorative techniques can predicate the completely edentulous and partially edentulous mandible in some cases. Further study is needed to determine the long-term result of immediately loaded implants.

Adult ; Dental Abutments ; Dental Implantation, Endosseous ; methods ; Dental Implants ; Dental Prosthesis Design ; Dental Prosthesis Retention ; instrumentation ; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported ; Denture, Complete, Immediate ; Denture, Partial, Immediate ; Female ; Humans ; Jaw, Edentulous ; surgery ; Jaw, Edentulous, Partially ; rehabilitation ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged

AIMThis paper deals with the treatment of an atrophied toothless mandible with a fixing bridge carried by two nonstandard implant systems.

METHODOLOGYFour bicortical screws were implanted into the frontal part of the mandible and one implant on each side was placed into the distal area of the mandible as a support for a fixing bridge.

RESULTSDuring the years 2002 - 2007 the authors placed a total of 256 bicortical screw and 84 blade implants. During this period only four bicortical screws and one blade implant failed. The primary and secondary surgical success rate was therefore above 98%, while the prosthetic success rate was 100%. (Bridges which had to be re-fabricated due to implant failure were not taken into account.)

CONCLUSIONThis approach is recommended as a highly successful and affordable option for a wide range of patients.

Blade Implantation ; Dental Implantation, Endosseous ; instrumentation ; methods ; Dental Implants ; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported ; Female ; Humans ; Jaw, Edentulous ; rehabilitation ; Male ; Mandible ; surgery ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVE: To observe the change of soft and hard tissue in dental immediate implantation and immediate reconstruction in anterior region after loading 3 years. METHODS: Patients with single anterior tooth loss in the Department of Second Dental Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from October 2008 to October 2012 were enrolled. The gingival papilla height, labial gingival margin level and peri-implant bone level were measured immediately after the permanent restoration and 3 years later. RESULTS: In the study, 20 patients were treated by immediate implantation and immediate reconstruction for 22 implants; 24 patients were treated by delayed implant for 29 implants. Implant stability quotient (ISQ) value of the two groups showed no significant difference before permanent restoration (P>0.05). In all the cases after loading 3 years, the average mesial gingival papilla height in implant area of the immediate group and delayed group changed by (0.34±0.54) mm and (0.05±0.39) mm respectively (P=0.07), the distal gingival papilla height changed by (0.43±0.42) mm and (0.36±0.48) mm respectively (P=0.13), while the labial gingival margin level shrinkages were (0.70±0.40) mm and (0.62±0.34) mm respectively (P=0.23). Peri-implant bone losses in the mesial side were (1.02±0.50) mm and (0.88±0.46) mm respectively (P=0.53), while those in the distal side were (1.05±0.34) mm and (0.95±0.47) mm respectively (P=0.21). All these indicators showed no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05); When the permanent prostheses delivered, the distributions of the gingival papilla index were different between the two groups whether in the mesial side or in the distal side (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The changes of the soft and hard tissue of the immediate implantation and immediate reconstruction in anterior region after loading 3 years were basically equivalent to the conventional implant restoration. But, the former was obviously better than the latter in reducing the duration of treatment and in getting the ideal dental papilla aesthetic effect.
Dental Implantation, Endosseous ; Dental Implants, Single-Tooth ; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported ; Dental Restoration, Temporary ; Esthetics, Dental ; Gingiva/pathology* ; Humans ; Immediate Dental Implant Loading ; Maxilla/pathology* ; Prospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

Management of mid-root fractures presents a formidable challenge for clinicians because of the difficulty of achieving a stable reunion of fracture fragments. This article presents two varied treatment options for mid-root fractures. A 15-year-old female reported an impact injury to the maxillary anterior teeth 2 days after its occurrence. Clinically, the maxillary left central incisor was palatally-extruded with a negative vitality response and radiographic evidence of an oblique fracture at the middle third of the root. An endodontic implant was employed which utilized an open technique and has been on follow-up for ten months. A 32-year-old male reported an injury, which resulted in a mobile maxillary right central incisor, three months after its occurrence. Through clinical and radiographic means, a discolored, extruded, and non-vital maxillary right central incisor with an oblique root fracture at the alveolar-crest level was observed. Exploratory surgery was performed; an apical barrier was created with a mineral trioxide aggregate and obturated with gutta percha. The fragments were stabilized with a fiber post and patient has been on follow-up for five months. Short-term follow-up for both of the cases showed promising results both clinically and radiographically.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Screws ; Dental Implantation, Endosseous, Endodontic ; Female ; Humans ; Incisor ; injuries ; Male ; Maxilla ; Post and Core Technique ; Root Canal Therapy ; methods ; Tooth Fractures ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical effect of combined application of magnetic attachments and extracoronal attachments in prosthodontics.

METHODSTwenty-two cases of dentition defect with isolated residual root or residual crown were selected. All the cases accepted the restorative treatment combined magnetic attachments with extracoronal attachments. The clinical effect of dentures and the condition of abutment teeth were evaluated by chief complaint of patients and clinical examination. The follow-up time ranged from 2 years to 4 years.

RESULTSSatisfactory functional, stable and esthetic results of dentures were achieved for all the cases. And there was no abutment loosening and no secondary caries. Alveolar bone loss around abutment occurred in 1 case, gingivitis of abutments appeared in 5 cases. Chewing pain occurred in 1 case and unstable state of dentures appeared in 5 cases after the use of denture for 2 years. The dentures of above-mentioned cases were used normally after symptomatic treatment.

CONCLUSIONThe combined application of magnetic attachments and extracoronal attachments in prosthodontics is an effective treatment option for cases of dentition defect with isolated residual root or residual crown.

Crowns ; Dental Abutments ; Dental Caries ; Denture Design ; Denture Retention ; Denture, Partial, Removable ; Humans ; Magnetic Phenomena

The purpose of this study was to investigate the cortical bone thickness of the inter-dental area of both jaws for orthodontic miniscrew placement. The cone-beam computerized tomography images of 32 non-orthodontic adults with normal occlusion were taken to measure the cortical bone thickness in both jaws. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the differences in cortical bone thickness. Buccal cortical bone in the mandible was thicker than that in the maxilla. In the maxilla, cortical bone thickness was thicker in the buccal side than in the palatal side. Buccal cortical bone thickness in the mandible was thickest at the site distal to the first molar, and in the maxilla it was thickest at the site mesial to the first molar, while in the palatal side of maxilla it was thickest at the site mesial to the second premolar. The changing pattern of cortical bone thickness varies at different sites. In the buccal side of maxilla, the thinnest cortical bone thickness was found to be at 4 mm level from the alveolar crest, while the thickest was at 10 mm level (except for the site mesial to the first premolar). The buccal cortical bone thickness at the sites mesial or distal to the first molar in the mandible and palatal cortical bone thickness of maxilla tended to increase with increasing distance from the alveolar bone.
Adult ; Bone Screws ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; methods ; Dental Implantation, Endosseous, Endodontic ; instrumentation ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mandible ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Maxilla ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Radiography, Dental ; methods ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Surgery, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Prosthodontics

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical effective of immediate restoration with Osstem MS mini-implant in the edentulous space of 5-6 mm.

METHODSThe sample consisted of 36 consecutively treated partially edentulous patients who had a total of 36 Osstem MS mini-implants, which were 2.5 mm or 3.0 mm in diameter and placed in 5-6 mm gap. The chair-side-made or laboratory-made provisional crowns for implants were fabricated at the time of fixtures placed. The final restorations were fabricated with gold alloy-fused-porcelain crown 3 to 5 months later. During the mean 21.3 months (12-37 months) follow-up time since fixtures placement, all implants were examined clinically and radiologically.

RESULTSNo implant failed before restoration. One implant led an adjacent tooth pulp necrosis after the implantation, but the natural tooth and implant were successfully retained by root canal therapy. 36 implants in 36 patients who were followed-up were successful and their aesthetic results were satisfactory.

CONCLUSIONImmediate loaded implant with Osstem MS mini-implant has good clinical prosthetic effects in the edentulous space of 5-6 mm.

Dental Abutments ; Dental Implantation, Endosseous ; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported ; Humans ; Jaw, Edentulous

Dental Implantation, Endosseous ; Esthetics ; Humans