Prostatitis is a common disease in men without satisfactory therapeutics methods, and prevention of prostatitis becomes much more important. The main methods include treatment of general infection and secondardy infection of the prostate actively, diet and life-style modification, avoiding unnecessary medical examination, establishing good coping styles, giving publicity to the knowledge of prostate and prostate-related disease, and strengthening prevention in the post-prostatitis patients.
Humans ; Male ; Prostatitis ; epidemiology ; immunology ; prevention & control

Chronic prostatitis (CP) is a common urinary disease that has been challenging urologists and seriously affects the patient's mental and physical health. For the reasons of its ambiguous etiology, complex and varied clinical symptoms, controversial diagnostic methods and long-term treatment, the therapeutic effect on CP is often unsatisfactory to both patients and urologists. This review focuses on the prevalence and age distribution of CP, incidence of different types of prostatitis, and the association of CP with climate, occupation, related diseases, lifestyle and education level, with a special emphasis on the current epidemiological characteristics of CP in China.
Age Distribution ; China ; epidemiology ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Prostatitis ; epidemiology

Humans ; Male ; COVID-19/epidemiology* ; East Asian People ; Erectile Dysfunction/epidemiology* ; Pandemics ; Penile Erection ; Prostatitis/epidemiology* ; Sickness Impact Profile

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in chronic prostatitis patients and its relation with patients' age and the course of disease.

METHODSQuestionnaire surveys were completed by 2 000 subjects who met the criteria for chronic prostatitis after clinical examination and expressed prostatic secretion analysis. Included in the questionnaire were: (1) age, height, weight, occupation, course of disease and treatment received; (2) NIH-CPSI; and (3) IIEF-5.

RESULTSThe prevalence of sexual dysfunction in patients with chronic prostatitis was 49.0% : 26.2% of the subjects with premature ejaculation, 15.0% with erectile dysfunction and 7.7% with both premature ejaculation and erectile dysfunction.

CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of sexual dysfunction in patients with chronic prostatitis is high, which is negatively correlated with both the age of the patients (P < 0.001) and the course of the disease (P < 0.001).

Adult ; Age Factors ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatitis ; complications ; Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological ; epidemiology ; etiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the incidence and related factors of psychic symptoms in patients with chronic prostatitis.

METHODSPatients diagnosed with chronic prostatitis were selected as research objects, their course of disease, therapeutic process and psychic symptoms were inquired and recorded carefully, clinical symptoms were evaluated, expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) were examined, and many related factors were compared with psychic symptoms.

RESULTSAmong the 315 patients selected, 51.1% (161/315) had psychic symptoms. Psychic symptoms in patients with chronic prostatitis had nothing to do with course of disease, the incidence of psychic symptoms in patients with course less than 1 year, 1 to 2 years, and more than 2 years were 49.1%, 48.0%, and 56.1%, respectively; had closed relationship with therapeutic process, the incidence of psychic symptoms in patients to see doctors for the first times, the 2 to 3 times and more than 3 times were 35.3%, 43.5%, and 62.6%, with significant statistical difference (P < 0.05); had no relationship with severity of clinical symptoms, the incidence of psychic symptoms in patients with mild, media and severe clinical symptoms were 46.2%, 52.4%, and 55.9%; no statistical difference was noticed in patients with different degrees of inflammation, the incidence of psychic symptoms in patients with inflammatory and non-inflammatory prostatitis were 53.8% and 47.3%.

CONCLUSIONPsychic symptoms in patients with chronic prostatitis had direct relationship with times patient seeking medical care, and prolonged therapeutic process aggravated the psychic symptoms.

Adult ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatitis ; psychology ; Psychophysiologic Disorders ; epidemiology ; etiology

OBJECTIVETo study the depression symptoms in chronic prostatitis (CP) patients, and explore the correlation between depression symptoms and CP.

METHODSThe Zung self-rating depression scale (SDS) , NIH-CPSI, IIEF-5, and a self-designed questionnaire were employed in 1500 cases of CP patients.

RESULTSA total of 1426 effective questionnaires were collected. The mean score of SDS was (44.24 +/- 10.20), significantly higher than that of the domestic norm (P = 0.000). With the score limitation set at > or = 53, 309 (21.7%) of the CP patients had symptoms of depression, of whom 176 (12.3%) were rated by SDS as in the mild, 114 (8.0%) in the moderate and 19 (1.3%) in the severe state of depression. The dominating symptoms as listed in SDS were exactly the stimulating and provoking factors of CP. The scores of SDS were significantly correlated with disease course, CPSI score, IIEF score and times and cost of treatment (P < 0.01), while no correlation was observed with age and WBC counts in EPS.

CONCLUSIONCP patients mostly have depression problems, which are closely correlated with CP and contribute to the recurrence, refractoriness and discontinued outcome of the disease.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Chronic Disease ; Depressive Disorder ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatitis ; epidemiology ; psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prevalence and related factors of prostatitis-like symptoms among young men.

METHODSThe study was a cross-sectional survey of 2500 young men aged 18-30 years in the city of Weifang, and all of them completed a questionnaire on prostatitis. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression procedures were used to investigate the risk factors among the young men with chronic prostatitis-like symptoms.

RESULTSThe valid response rate was 85% (n = 2125). Of the 128 subjects (6.02%) identified as having chronic prostatitis-like symptoms, the mean age was 21.8 years, the average pain score was 6.98 +/- 0.29, and the average voiding score was 3.77 +/- 0.25. Of the sampled population, 39 men had prostatitis-like symptoms with an index pain score of 8 or more. Significant risk factors include frequent masturbation, prolonged sitting, long-time fixed posture, cold environment, stress at home and work.

CONCLUSIONThe study suggested that chronic prostatitis-like symptoms are common among young men, and the urethritis history, frequent masturbation, prolonged sitting, long-time urine holding, cold environment, and stress at home and work might be significant risk factors.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Analysis of Variance ; China ; epidemiology ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Incidence ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Prostatitis ; epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo study the epidemiological characteristics of the TCM syndromes of chronic prostatitis (CP) among the male college students in the city of Guangzhou.

METHODSA total of 1 682 male college students were recruited from four colleges in Guangzhou City. The TCM syndromes of the CP patients (n = 561) were grouped according to age, major, residence area, native place, economic condition, interpersonal relation and academic record of the students. And the distribution and incidence rates of the syndromes were statistically analyzed.

RESULTSAmong all the identified syndrome types, the single syndrome accounted for 32.98%; the damp-heat, the blood stasis, the liver- and kidney-yin deficiency and the kidney-yang deficiency syndrome constituted 63.28%, 47.59%, 39.39% and 33.69%, respectively. The incidence rates of blood stasis and liver- and kidney-yin deficiency were significantly different in different age groups (P < 0.01). The medical major group had a higher rate of blood stasis than the non-medical groups (P < 0.01). The rates of damp-heat syndrome and liver- and kidney-yin deficiency syndrome were obviously higher in the northern group than in the southerners (P <0.01 & P < 0.05), and were significantly different between the groups from different native places (P < 0.01) as well as between those of different economic conditions (P < 0.01). Among the groups of different interpersonal relations, significant difference was observed in the rate of liver- and kidney-yin deficiency syndrome (P < 0.01) but not in the rates of other syndromes.

CONCLUSIONThe college students with CP in Guangzhou City mostly have compound TCM syndromes consisting of simple radical ones. The incidence rates of the four main syndrome types, damp-heat, blood stasis, liver- and kidney-yin deficiency and kidney-yang deficiency, are related with the age, major, residence area, native place, economic condition and interpersonal relation of the students.

Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Prostatitis ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Students ; statistics & numerical data ; Syndrome ; Universities

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prevalence and characteristics of sexual dysfunction in patients with chronic prostatitis (CP) in the high altitude area.

METHODSA total of 637 CP patients randomly recruited from different urologic clinics were divided into 4 groups according to their living altitudes. The subjects were scored on the National Institute of the Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI), the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5), the Chinese Index of Sexual Function for Premature Ejaculation (C-ISFPE) and the questionnaire on ejaculatory difficulties from the University of Washington Symptom Score.

RESULTSIn the 637 CP patients, the overall incidences of premature ejaculation (PE), erectile dysfunction (ED) and difficult ejaculation (DE) were 28.4%, 17.6% and 23.9%, respectively, 9.9% with PE, ED and DE simultaneously. With the increase of the living altitude, the scores on IIEF-5 (P = 0.032) and C-ISFPE (P = 0. 047) were obviously decreased, and the incidences of PE (P = 0.047), ED (P = 0.046) and DE (P = 0.019) markedly elevated. Those with PE or ED experienced worse symptoms at a higher altitude (r = 0.249 or 0.267, P < 0.05). The differences were all statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONThe prevalence and severity of sexual dysfunction are positively correlated with the living altitude among CP patients.

Adult ; Altitude ; Chronic Disease ; Erectile Dysfunction ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Prostatitis ; complications ; epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of chronic prostatitis on premature ejaculation (PE) and erectile dysfunction (ED) and the correlation of chronic prostatitis with PE and ED.

METHODSWe adopted NIH-CPSI, CISFPE and IIEF-5, interviewed 623 patients with chronic prostatitis, and recorded their scores on the above systems.

RESULTSThe incidence of PE was 39.0% and the rates of the mild, moderate and severe types were 26.2%, 12.0% and 0.8%, respectively. It developed mostly among the younger patients, accounting for 42.9% (103/240), 37.0% (95/257) and 35.7% (45/126) in the 18-30, 30-40 and 40-57 yr age groups, respectively. The incidence of ED was 16.9% and the rates of the mild, moderate and severe types were 14.9%, 1.0% and 1.0%, respectively. It occurred mostly among the older patients, accounting for 13.8% (33/240), 11.3% (29/257) and 34.1% (43/126) in the 18-30, 30-40 and 40-57 yr age groups, respectively. Analyses revealed no significant correlation among the scores on NIH-CPSI, CISFPE and IIEF-5.

CONCLUSIONThere is a high incidence of PE and ED among patients with chronic prostatitis, but without significant correlation between the severity of chronic prostatitis and that of PE and ED.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Chronic Disease ; Erectile Dysfunction ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatitis ; epidemiology ; physiopathology ; Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological ; epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires