Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) and prostatitis are two common diseases in aging men. In recent years, the study of correlation between these two diseases has been paid more and more attention to. Some researchers presumed that inflammation is one of the most important causations of BPH, however, it is not profound enough on this etiologic hypothesis at present. The writer, on the base of his clinical experiences, dissertated the etiology of BPH, the pathologic figures of coexistence of BPH and prostatitis, and the presumption of inflammation promoting BPH on the molecular biology level. We hope our colleagues pay attention to this problem, and do more study on it.
Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; complications ; etiology ; Prostatitis ; complications ; etiology

Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and chronic prostatitis (CP) are common diseases in males, and BPH is often complicated by CP. This review focuses on the relationship of BPH with CP and their epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical features. Patients with BPH or CP are more likely to be subjected to another disease. Inflammation may be involved in the development of BPH. Compared with simple BPH, patients with CP-complicated BPH have significantly higher scores on age, prostate weight, prostate volume, and IPSS. Some related therapies are also evaluated, such as selective use of the alpha1-receptor blocker, 5alpha-reductase inhibitor, antibiotics, ultrasound microbubble contrast agents, and so on.
Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; complications ; Prostatitis ; complications

Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; complications ; therapy ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Prostatitis ; complications ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical characteristics of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) complicated by chronic prostatitis (CP).

METHODSA total of 120 cases of BPH pathologically confirmed after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) were assigned to a BPH group (n=75) and a BPH + CP group (n=45) according to whether they were complicated by CP. The total prostatic volume (TPV) and PSA density (PSAD) were calculated and statistically analyzed based on the results of transrectal ultrasonography and f-PSA, t-PSA and f-PSA/t-PSA tests before surgery.

RESULTSThe BPH group showed a significantly upward tendency in f-PSA and t-PSA (P < 0.05) with the increase of age or prostate volume, but not significantly in PSAD and f-PSA/t-PSA (P > 0.05). In comparison, the BPH + CP group exhibited remarkable increases in f-PSA, t-PSA and PSAD (P < 0.05) but not in fPSA/t-PSA (P > 0.05). ROC curve analyses of various indexes showed the area under the curve to be 0.644, 0.628 and 0.624 for f-PSA, t-PSA and PSAD, respectively, all between 0.5 and 0.7.

CONCLUSIONBPH is frequently associated with CP. Clinically, high f-PSA, t-PSA and PSAD are important but not sure indicators of BPH complicated by CP.

Aged ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; complications ; diagnosis ; Prostatitis ; complications ; diagnosis

Prostatic diseases and erectile dysfunction (ED) are common diseases in urology and andrology. Basic and clinical studies have proved that there is a close relationship between the two. This article reviews the mechanism, diagnosis and treatment of ED caused by several prostatic diseases, such as acute prostatitis, chronic prostatitis, benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer.
Chronic Disease ; Erectile Dysfunction ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Diseases ; complications ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; complications ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; complications ; Prostatitis ; complications

Chlamydia trachomatis(Ct) infection in reproductive tract is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases at present. However, relatively fewer studies are made on Ct infection in men. The paper reviews the epidemiology of Ct infection in males, Ct infection and male diseases, Ct infection and male infertility, and the detection of Ct infection in men. It aims at providing a theoretical basis and a practical guide for the prevention and control of Ct infection in men.
Chlamydia Infections ; complications ; diagnosis ; Chlamydia trachomatis ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; etiology ; Male ; Prostatitis ; etiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in chronic prostatitis patients and its relation with patients' age and the course of disease.

METHODSQuestionnaire surveys were completed by 2 000 subjects who met the criteria for chronic prostatitis after clinical examination and expressed prostatic secretion analysis. Included in the questionnaire were: (1) age, height, weight, occupation, course of disease and treatment received; (2) NIH-CPSI; and (3) IIEF-5.

RESULTSThe prevalence of sexual dysfunction in patients with chronic prostatitis was 49.0% : 26.2% of the subjects with premature ejaculation, 15.0% with erectile dysfunction and 7.7% with both premature ejaculation and erectile dysfunction.

CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of sexual dysfunction in patients with chronic prostatitis is high, which is negatively correlated with both the age of the patients (P < 0.001) and the course of the disease (P < 0.001).

Adult ; Age Factors ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatitis ; complications ; Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological ; epidemiology ; etiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the differential diagnosis of type III prostatitis and interstitial cystitis so as to improve the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment of the two diseases.

METHODSBased on the clinical data of 4 cases of type III prostatitis and 3 cases of interstitial cystitis, we analyzed the characteristics of the two diseases in such aspects as clinical symptomatology, urodynamics, prostatic fluid microscopy, microbiology and treatment.

RESULTSThe common clinical characteristics of type III prostatitis and interstitial cystitis were indisposition or pain in the subabdomen and/or pelvic floor, but their differences were quite obvious. In interstitial cystitis, longer urine accumulation could cause worse pain in the subabdomen, which could be relieved after micturation, and the bladder capacity was obviously decreased, but with normal prostatic fluid and negative result of microbial culture. It responded to behavior therapy, resiniferatoxin, sodium hyaluronate and water dilation of the bladder under anaesthesia. While type III prostatitis, with white blood cells > 10/HP or < or = 10/HP in the prostatic fluid and negative result of microbial culture, did not respond to the above therapeutic methods that were effective for interstitial cystitis.

CONCLUSIONType III prostatitis and interstitial cystitis, although clinically confusable, can be definitely differentiated from each other according to their characteristic causes and locations.

Adult ; Aged ; Cystitis, Interstitial ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatitis ; complications ; diagnosis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) on lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) complicated by histological prostatitis.

METHODSThis study included 432 cases of BPH pathologically confirmed after TURP. Excluding those with LUTS-related factors before and after surgery and based on the international prostatitis histological classification of diagnostic criteria, the remaining 144 cases were divided into groups A (pure BPH, n = 30), B (mild inflammation, n = 55), C (moderate inflammation, n = 31), and D (severe inflammation, n = 28). Each group was evaluated for LUTS by IPSS before and a month after surgery.

RESULTSA total of 399 cases (92.4%) were diagnosed as BPH with histological prostatitis, 269 (67.4%) mild, 86 (21.6%) moderate and 44 (11.0%) severe. The preoperative IPSS was 21.43 +/- 6.09 in group A, 21.75 +/- 5.97 in B, 27.84 +/- 4.18 in C and 31.00 +/- 2.92 in D, with statistically significant differences among different groups (P < 0.001) except between A and B (P = 1.000); the postoperative IPSS was 5.60 +/- 2.16 in A, 7.36 +/- 2.77 in B, 11.55 +/- 3.39 in C and 16.89 +/- 3.37 in D, with statistically significant differences among different groups (P < 0.01), and remarkably lower than the preoperative one (P < 0.001). Almost all the infiltrating inflammatory cells in BPH with histological prostatitis were lymphocytes.

CONCLUSIONBPH is mostly complicated with histological chronic prostatitis. The severity of LUTS is higher in BPH patients with histological prostatitis than in those without before and after TURP, and positively correlated with the grade of inflammation. Those complicated with moderate or severe histological prostatitis should take medication for the management of LUTS.

Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; Male ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; complications ; surgery ; Prostatitis ; complications ; surgery ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo observe the expression of estrogen receptor-beta (ERbeta) in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) complicated by chronic prostatitis, and to evaluate the correlation of chronic prostatitis with ERbeta expression.

METHODSHistological sections of prostate tissues were obtained from 60 BPH patients complicated by chronic prostatitis and divided into Group 1 (Grade 1), 2 (Grade 2) and 3 (Grade 3) according to the scores on the inflammation of the prostate tissues using the four-point scale designed by Irani et al. The expression of ERbeta was determined by the immunohistochemical method.

RESULTSThere were 24 cases (40%) in Group 1, 21 (35%) in Group 2 and 15 (25%) in Group 3, with no statistically significant differences in age and prostate volume among the three groups (P > 0.05). The expression of ERbeta was significantly decreased in Groups 2 and 3 as compared with Group 1 (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe expression of ERbeta is reduced with increased scores on the inflammation of the prostate tissues in BPH patients, and the decreased ERbeta expression may be associated with the inflammatory stimulation of prostatitis.

Aged ; Chronic Disease ; Estrogen Receptor beta ; biosynthesis ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; Prostatitis ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology