Prostatic diseases and erectile dysfunction (ED) are common diseases in urology and andrology. Basic and clinical studies have proved that there is a close relationship between the two. This article reviews the mechanism, diagnosis and treatment of ED caused by several prostatic diseases, such as acute prostatitis, chronic prostatitis, benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer.
Chronic Disease ; Erectile Dysfunction ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Diseases ; complications ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; complications ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; complications ; Prostatitis ; complications

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (DI) secondary to chronic urinary tract obstruction is a rare disease. The exact cause is unknown but it is likely that increased collecting duct pressures cause damage to the tubular epithelium, resulting in insensitivity to the action of arginine-vasopressin (AVP). A 77-year-old man complaining of polyuria and polydipsia was treated with alpha glucosidase inhibitor under the impression of polyuria due to diabetes mellitus. But his symptoms did not improve. Water deprivation and AVP administration study revealed that the patient had nephrogenic DI. Urinary tract obstruction due to an enlarged prostate was suggested as a principal cause of nephrogenic DI. The patient underwent transurethral resection of the prostate and bilateral subcapsular orchiectomy. After surgery, the urine osmolarity was normalized and the patient became symptom-free. We report a case of nephrogenic DI due to obstructive uropathy which was cured by surgery eliminating obstruction.
Adenocarcinoma/ultrasonography ; Adenocarcinoma/radionuclide imaging ; Adenocarcinoma/pathology ; Adenocarcinoma/complications* ; Aged ; Case Report ; Constriction, Pathologic/etiology ; Diabetes Insipidus, Nephrogenic/etiology* ; Human ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms/ultrasonography ; Prostatic Neoplasms/radionuclide imaging ; Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms/complications* ; Urologic Diseases/etiology*

The morbidity and mortality of prostate cancer ascend yearly, which seriously threatens the health of the male population. Bone is the main metastasis site of prostate cancer, with bone metastases and skeletal-related events (SREs) occuring in more than 70% of patients with advanced prostate cancer. Bone metastases and the resulting SREs, such as spinal cord compression and pathological fracture, seriously affect the life quality of the patients. Although the active treatments of the primary disease is important, the application of bone-modifying agents to prevent SREs cannot be overlooked. However, there is no standard treatment procedure for the bone metastasis of prostate cancer at present. According to the clinical status, the Genitourinary Oncology Committee of Chinese Anti-cancer Association formulated this consensus, which integrated clinical evidence and real world clinical practices in China and abroad, to help clinicians make more accurate diagnosis and treatment for the bone metastases of prostate cancer with multidisciplinary strategies.
Bone Neoplasms ; Bone and Bones ; Consensus ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis* ; Spinal Cord Compression/etiology*

Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies threatening men's health, and the mechanisms underlying its initiation and progression are poorly understood. Last decade has witnessed encouraging progress in the studies of prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs), which are considered to play important roles in tumor initiation, recurrence and metastasis, castration resistance, and drug resistance. Therefore, a deeper insight into PCSCs is of great significance for the successful management of prostate cancer. This article presents an overview on the location, origin, and markers of PCSCs as well as their potential correlation with tumor metastasis and castration resistance.
Disease Progression ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; etiology ; pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant ; etiology ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of histological prostatitis (HP) on the clinical features of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa) and its clinical significance.

METHODSWe retrospectively studied the data of 273 cases of BPH and 240 cases of PCa, including age, prostate volume, total prostatic special antigen (tPSA), prostatic special antigen density (PSAD), maximum urinary flow rate (MFR) and acute urinary retention (AUR).

RESULTSTotally, 186 cases of BPH (68.13%) and 45 cases of PCa (18.75%) were complicated by HP, with statistically significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). Compared with the patients with BPH only, those complicated by HP showed significantly elevated tPSA, PSAD and total prostate volume (all P < 0.05), decreased MFR (P < 0.05) and increased risk of AUR (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the patients' age between the two groups (P > 0.05). The levels of tPSA and PSAD were remarkably higher in the PCa patients complicated by HP than in those with PCa only (all P < 0.05), but no significant differences were found in the other indexes between the two groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONHP may play a certain role in the progenesis and progression of HP and PCa, but HP is associated more closely with BPH.

Aged ; Disease Progression ; Humans ; Male ; Organ Size ; Prostate ; pathology ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; blood ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; etiology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; complications ; Prostatitis ; complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinary Retention ; etiology

With the approaching of the aged society, the number of patients with BPH and those with prostate cancer is increasing, particularly the latter. As the gold standard for the treatment of the two diseases, prostate surgery falls into various types, each with its own characteristics in postoperative recovery of sexual function. In the past few years, the traditional laparotomy procedure has been gradually replaced by the laparoscopic technique. Doctors and patients are not merely satisfied with the improvement of micturition function any longer; they are beginning to pay more attention to the pre- and post-operative sexual function. This paper gives an overview of the influence of various types of prostatectomy on male sexual function.
Erectile Dysfunction ; etiology ; physiopathology ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Male ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; physiopathology ; prevention & control ; Prostatectomy ; adverse effects ; methods ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; surgery ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo investigate the correlation of vasectomy with the risk of prostate cancer in Chinese men.

METHODSWe systematically searched the databases CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library for the literature relating the relationship between vasectomy and the risk of prostate cancer in Chinese males up to December 2014. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, two investigators independently selected the eligible publications, evaluated their quality, and extracted relevant information, followed by a meta-analysis with the software STATA 12.0.

RESULTSNine studies were included in the analysis involving 1 202 cases of prostate cancer and 4,496 controls. Random-effect model analysis revealed no statistically significant correlation between vasectomy and the risk of prostate cancer (OR = 1.05; 95% CI 0.62-1.79), with an obvious heterogeneity (P < 0.001, I2 = 85.7%). No significant publication bias was found among the included studies (Egger, P = 0.824; Begg, P = 0.348).

CONCLUSIONThe results of our meta-analysis do not support the association of vasectomy with the increased risk of prostate cancer in Chinese population.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; China ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; ethnology ; etiology ; Risk Assessment ; Vasectomy ; adverse effects

Prostate cancer ( PCa) is an important genitourinary malignancy with increasing morbidity and mortality. Glutathione S-transferase P1 ( GSTP1) , as a phrase- II enzyme, has an important role in the activation and detoxification of carcinogens. There is a close association between GSTP1 gene polymorphisms and the risk of Pca. GSTP1 CpG island hypermethylation can reliably distinguish Pca from benign prostatic hyperplasia( BPH) and promises to be an important molecular marker for the diagnosis of Pca. This paper summarizes the association of GSTP1 with the diagnosis and risk of Pca.
Glutathione S-Transferase pi ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; etiology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the association between vasectomy and prostate cancer.

METHODSWe searched comprehensively the databases, CBMDisc, CMCC, CMAC, CNKI (from 1978 to January 6, 2009), and PubMed (from 1965 to January 6, 2009) using the key words "vasectomy" and "prostate cancer", screened the retrieved literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, performed a Meta-analysis with the software RevMan 4.2 after identification of the relevant data, and calculated the overall pooled OR (95% CI) as well as that of the association of prostate cancer with <20 and > or =20 yr vasectomy.

RESULTSA total of 20 088 cases and 232 506 controls in 27 reports (7 cohort and 20 case-control studies) were included in this investigation. The overall pooled OR (95% CI) was 1.10 (0.97-1.24), and those of <20 and > or =20 yr vasectomy were 0.94 (0.83-1.06) and 1.05 (0.90-1.23), respectively.

CONCLUSIONNo existing literature show any positive association between vasectomy and prostate cancer.

Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Risk Factors ; Vasectomy ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate urinary continence recovery time and risk factors of urinary continence recovery after robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RARP). METHODS: From January 2019 to January 2021, a consecutive series of patients with localized prostate cancer (cT1-T3, cN0, cM0) were prospectively collected. RARP with total anatomical reconstruction was performed in all the cases by an experienced surgeon. Lymph node dissection was performed if the patient was in high-risk group according to the D'Amico risk classification. The primary endpoint was urinary continence recovery time after catheter removal. Postoperative and pathological variables were analyzed. Continence was rigo-rously analyzed 48 hours, 1 week, 4 weeks, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks after catheter removal. Continence was evaluated by recording diaper pads used per day, and all the patients were instructed to perform the 24-hour pad weight test until full recovery of urinary continence. The patient was defined as continent if no more than one safety pad were needed per day, or no more than 20-gram urine leakage on the 24-hour pad weight test. Time from catheter removal to full recovery of urinary continence was recorded, and risk factors influencing continence recovery time evaluated. RESULTS: In total, 166 patients were analyzed. The mean age of the enrolled patients was 66.2 years, and the median prostate specific antigen (PSA) was 8.51 μg/L. A total of 59 patients (35.5%) had bilateral lymphatic dissection, and 28 (16.9%) underwent neurovascular bundle (NVB) preservation surgery. Postoperative pathology results showed that stage pT1 in 1 case (0.6%), stage pT2 in 77 cases (46.4%), stage pT3 in 86 cases (51.8%), and positive margins in 28 patients (16.9%). Among patients who underwent lymph node dissection, lymph node metastasis was found in 7 cases (11.9%). Median continence recovery time was one week. The number of the continent patients at the end of 48 hours, 1 week, 4 weeks, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks were 65 (39.2%), 32 (19.3%), 34 (20.5%), 24 (14.5%), and 9 (5.4%). Two patients remained incontinent 24 weeks after catheter removal. The continence rates after catheter removal at the end of 48 hours, 1 week, 4 weeks, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks were 39.2%, 58.4%, 78.9%, 93.4%, and 98.8%, respectively. Univariate COX analysis revealed that diabetes appeared to influence continence recovery time (OR=1.589, 95%CI: 1.025-2.462, P=0.038). At the end of 48 hours, 4 weeks, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks after catheter removal, the mean OABSS score of the continent group was significantly lower than that of the incontinent group. CONCLUSION RARP showed promising results in the recovery of urinary continence. Diabetes was a risk factor influencing continence recovery time. Bladder overactive symptoms play an important role in the recovery of continence after RARP.
Aged ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Neoplasms/surgery* ; Recovery of Function ; Robotics ; Treatment Outcome ; Urinary Incontinence/etiology*