Prostate cancer ( PCa) is an important genitourinary malignancy with increasing morbidity and mortality. Glutathione S-transferase P1 ( GSTP1) , as a phrase- II enzyme, has an important role in the activation and detoxification of carcinogens. There is a close association between GSTP1 gene polymorphisms and the risk of Pca. GSTP1 CpG island hypermethylation can reliably distinguish Pca from benign prostatic hyperplasia( BPH) and promises to be an important molecular marker for the diagnosis of Pca. This paper summarizes the association of GSTP1 with the diagnosis and risk of Pca.
Glutathione S-Transferase pi ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; etiology

Chronic inflammation has been considered an important risk factor for development of prostate cancer. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize microbial moieties or endogenous molecules and play an important role in the triggering and promotion of inflammation. In this study, we examined whether expression of TLR4 and TLR5 was associated with progression of prostate transformation in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) model. The expression of TLR4 and TLR5 was evaluated by immunohistochemisty in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded prostate tissue from wild-type (WT) and TRAMP mice. Normal prostate tissue from WT mice showed strong expression of TLR4 and TLR5. However, TLR4 expression in the prostate tissue from TRAMP mice gradually decreased as pathologic grade became more aggressive. TLR5 expression in the prostate tissue from TRAMP mice also decreased in low-grade prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), high-grade PIN and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Overall, our results suggest that decreased expression of TLR4 and TLR5 may contribute to prostate tumorigenesis.
Adenocarcinoma/etiology/*genetics ; Animals ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Disease Progression ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Prostatic Neoplasms/etiology/*genetics ; Toll-Like Receptor 4/*genetics/metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptor 5/*genetics/metabolism

AIMTo examine the impact and prognostic significance of alpha-tocopherol associated protein (TAP) expression in a series of prostate cancer patients.

METHODSTissues from 87 patients underwent radical prostatectomy were examined for TAP expression by immunohistochemistry. The relationships of the staining results, the clinic pathological characteristics and the recurrence times were analyzed.

RESULTSCompared with the adjacent areas of normal and benign glands, immunoreactivity of TAP was reduced in areas of prostate cancer. A lower TAP-positive cell number per mm(2) of the largest cancer area (defined as TAP-PN) was associated with higher clinical stage (r = -0.248, P = 0.0322). Inverse associations were found among the TAP-PN and positive lymph nodes (r = -0.231, P = 0.0325), preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels (r = -0.423, P = 0.0043), tumor size (r= -0.315, P= 0.0210) and elevated tumor cell proliferation, which was indicated by the staining of Ki-67 (r = -0.308, P = 0.0026). TAP-PN was a significant predictor of recurrence univariately (P = 0.0006), as well as multivariately, adjusted for known markers including preoperative PSA, clinical stage, Gleason score, surgical margin, extra-prostatic extension, seminal vesicle invasion and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.0012).

CONCLUSIONReduced expression of TAP was associated with the cell proliferation status of prostate cancer, adverse pathological parameters and the increased risk of recurrence.

Aged ; Carrier Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Cell Proliferation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Ki-67 Antigen ; biosynthesis ; Lipoproteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; etiology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Trans-Activators ; biosynthesis ; genetics