OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical presentations and pathologic features of undifferentiated sarcoma of the prostate with cartilage metaplasia, and to clarify its category.

METHODSWe analyzed the clinical data of a case of undifferentiated sarcoma of the prostate with cartilage metaplasia treated by surgical resection. The tumor tissue was subjected to routine HE and immunohistochemical staining, its histological structure and immunohistochemical expression were observed under the light microscope, and relevant literature on its manifestations was reviewed.

RESULTSThe case was pathologically diagnosed as gray prostate tumor, with chondrosarcomatous and undifferentiated malignant mesenchymal components under the light microscope. Immunohistochemical staining revealed vimentin (+), local CD117 (+/-), SMA (-), Des (-), myoglobin (-), CD34 (-), CK7 (-), and CK8 (-). Tumor metastasis was found 2 months after the operation, and the patient died 4 months later.

CONCLUSIONUndifferentiated sarcoma of the prostate with cartilage metaplasia is a very rare and highly malignant aggressive tumor, which can be diagnosed by biopsy and immunohistochemistry.

Adult ; Cartilage ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Metaplasia ; Prostate ; pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Sarcoma ; diagnosis ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo quantitatively evaluate the metabolic changes of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer in the transitional zone using magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI), and to analyze the characteristics and differences of the spectra in this zonal area.

METHODSEighteen patients with prostate cancer in the transitional zone underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/MRSI examinations. The (Choline + Creatine)/Citrate (CC/Ci) ratio and the Choline/Creatine (Cho/Cr) ratio were evaluated in each voxel with cancer or BPH confirmed by pathological results. Discriminant analysis was used to determine the power of the two ratios in differentiation between cancer and BPH.

RESULTSThe CC/Ci ratio and Cho/Cr ratio for cancer voxels were significantly higher than those in the voxels with BPH in the transitional zone (CC/Ci: 2.36 +/- 1.31 vs. 0.85 +/- 0.29, P < 0.01; Cho/Cr: 4.14 +/- 1.79 vs. 1.26 +/- 0.45, P < 0.01). As for the discriminant function with the CC/Ci ratio and the Cho/Cr ratio, the specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy were 98.6%, 85.7%, 92.9% respectively for the differentiation between cancer and BPH.

CONCLUSIONSThe prostate cancer is characterized by higher CC/Ci ratio and Cho/Cr ratio compared to BPH in the transitional zone. Both CC/Ci ratio and Cho/Cr ratio have high specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy in their discriminative power between cancer and BPH in this zonal area.

Adult ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology

AIMTo study the clinical features of male genital schwannoma.

METHODSFive male patients with genital schwannoma admitted from 1991 to 2000 were reviewed. The lesions were located in the prostate, spermatic cord, testis or penis. Tumors were simply resected in 3 patients and radically eradicated in 2.

RESULTSThe average age of the cohort was 37 years. The most common sign at presentation was a palpable genital mass accidentally discovered by the patient or detected by the physician during a physical check. Diagnosis was made through postoperative pathological examination. Follow-up ranged from 2 years to 6 years (mean 4.5 years). Four cases were cured by simple excision and 1 patient with malignant testis schwannoma died of recurrence 1 year after surgery.

CONCLUSIONOwing to the lack of characteristic clinical manifestation, the final diagnosis relies on postoperative pathological examination. S-100 and vimentin are useful markers for the diagnosis of these tumors.

Adult ; Aged ; Genital Neoplasms, Male ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neurilemmoma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Penile Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Testicular Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology

Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) refers to the cellular proliferations within prostatic ducts, ductules, and acini. PIN is divided into three grades, PIN 1, PIN 2 and PIN 3, PIN 1 is a low grade (LPIN); PIN 2 and PIN 3 are high grades (HPIN). Clinically, the term PIN is usually used to indicate HPIN. LPIN is not used as a separate pathological diagnostic entity. HPIN is widely regarded as the precancerous change of prostatic carcinoma. HPIN and prostatic carcinoma share many similarities in epidemiology, genetics, morphology, as well as in location and clinical features. And so they are two closely related entities. HPIN is pathologically diagnosed, and shows no specificity on digital rectal examination (DRE) and transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS). HPIN does not elevate serum prostatic specific antigen (PSA) concentration. HPIN with an elevation of serum PSA should be considered as the possible coexistence of HPIN and prostatic carcinoma. There has been no consensus on the management of HPIN, but it is widely held that simple HPIN detected by extended needle biopsy has no therapeutic implications, but should be followed up at regular intervals. If there are changes in PSA and/or DRE, repeated needle biopsy is imperative. The natural biological behaviour of HPIN is yet poorly understood. Currently, most urological experts do not recommend antiandrogen therapy to patients with simple HPIN.
Biopsy, Needle ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; blood ; Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology

Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Male ; Prostate ; pathology ; Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo probe into the diagnosis and treatment of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of the prostate.

METHODSOne case of MFH of the prostate was diagnosed and treated surgically by radical remocal of the lesion, resection of the rectum and sigmoidoctomy. The clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of MFH of the prostate were reviewed and presented.

RESULTSThe patient experienced recurrence 3 weeks after operation, and then underwent radiotherapy. Two months after operation the patient died of metastasis.

CONCLUSIONMFH of the prostate has been rare clinically, with poor prognosis. Early and aggressive surgical removal of the primary lesion followed by adjuvant therapy is recommended for the treatment of the disease.

Adult ; Biopsy ; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy

The necessity of early detection of prostate cancer renewed interest regarding putative premalignant lesions in the tumorigenesis of the prostate. Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) is one potential precursor for prostatic adenocarcinoma. The term PIN has been adopted to replace a wide range of synonyms in the literature that describe potential precursors. PIN is an intraluminal proliferation of the secretory cells lining architecturally benign prostatic ducts and acini that exhibit cytologic atypia. In this review, we discuss the histologic features, the differential diagnosis, the evidence that PIN is a precursor of prostatic carcinoma, and the clinical significance of PIN.
Adenocarcinoma/*pathology ; DNA, Neoplasm/analysis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Human ; Male ; Precancerous Conditions/*pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms/*pathology

OBJECTIVETo improve the diagnosis and treatment of far advanced prostate cancer without clinically detectable bone metastasis.

METHODSCancer metastatic lesions were found in the liver and lungs respectively of two patients on routine medical examination, and only an abnormally elevated level of the serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) was observed in the following system examinations. The patients were diagnosed as having prostate cancer by prostate biopsy. MRI showed a discontinued prostate capsule, and ECT revealed no bone metastasis. Diagnostic treatment was conducted by giving LHRHa combined with antiandrogens. One of the patients underwent surgical castration at 12 months, and both received intensity modulated radiation therapy (80 Gy) at 15 and 18 months, respectively.

RESULTSThe metastatic lesions in the liver and lungs of the patients were either absent or significantly reduced after treated by maximal androgen blockade for 3 months, and all disappeared after 6 months'treatment, with the PSA level stabilized at less than 0.02 microg/L in one patient, and around 0.5 microg/L in the other. Antiandrogen treatment was suspended after radiotherapy. The results of liver, lung and bone scanning were normal during the 12-month follow-up, and the PSA level was below 1.0 microg/L.

CONCLUSIONRemote metastasis of prostate cancer may occur in ectosteal organs first, which deserves special attention. A combination of different treatment methods promises satisfactory results.

Aged ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; secondary ; Lung Neoplasms ; secondary ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy

AIMTo investigate the frequency of atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) and its associations with benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH) and latent histological carcinoma of the prostate (LPC) in autopsy material.

METHODSTwo hundred and twelve prostate specimens obtained from autopsy material were subjected to whole mount analysis in an attempt to investigate the associations among BPH, AAH and LPC.

RESULTSMost histological carcinomas and AAH lesions were found in enlarged prostates with intense hypertrophy. No statistically significant relation was found between BPH and the main characteristics of LPC, such as tumor volume, histological differentiation and biological behavior. Our data regarding multi-focal tumors showed a tendency for multi-focal carcinomas to develop in larger prostates, and a tendency of AAH lesions to develop in larger prostates. No statistically significant relation was found between AAH and LPC.

CONCLUSIONThere seems not any causative aetiopathogenetical or topographical relation between AAH lesions and prostate adenocarcinoma. AAH lesion seems to be a well-defined mimicker of prostatic adenocarcinoma, and the reported association of AAH with prostatic carcinoma could probably be an epiphenomenon.

Adenocarcinoma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Autopsy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology

Adenocarcinoma ; blood ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Biopsy, Needle ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Staging ; methods ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; blood ; Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; blood ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; blood ; diagnosis ; pathology