OBJECTIVESTo investigate the difference of BPH incidence in two groups.

METHODS309 cadres and 314 farmers over 60 years old in district of Wannan have been investigated. The investigation included prostate volume (V), IPSS, L, Qmax, residual urine (R) and dietary constituents.

RESULTSThe intake of animal protein in cadres is more than that in farmers (u = 24.10, P < 0.01), and the incidence rate of BPH is significantly higher (91.1% vs 11.8%, chi 2 = 24.64, P < 0.001). Logistic regression shows that the intake of animal protein has a parallel relationship with BPH.

CONCLUSIONSIn the district of Wannan, the incidence of BPH in cadres is significantly higher than that of farmers, and it may be correlated with the amount of animal protein intake.

Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Diet ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; epidemiology ; Rural Population ; Urban Population

Prostate specific antigen (PSA) has become established as the most useful serological marker for monitoring patients with prostate cancer. However, the benefits of serum PSA values are controversial in screening procedures for prostate cancer due to the rather low specificity of PSA test. To determine if different assays yield comparable results, we compared the IMx PSA enzyme immunoassay and the ELSA PSA monoclonal immunoradiometric assay. We analyzed 72 serum specimens from 68 patients with prostatic disease (12 patients with cancer, 47 benign hyperplasia and 9 prostatitis) and 13 from normal controls by both assays. Results from the assays revealed close linear correlation but the ELSA PSA assay yielded values 1.5 times those of the IMx PSA assay In 13 patients with histologically diagnosed benign prostatic hyperplasia, number of patient with PSA value over l0 ng/ml measured by IMx and ELSA assay were 2(15% ) and 4(31%), respectively. We conclude that the proportional bias between assays demonstrates a need for improved standardization of PSA assays.
Bias (Epidemiology) ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Immunoenzyme Techniques* ; Immunoradiometric Assay* ; Mass Screening ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Diseases ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Sensitivity and Specificity

ObjectiveTo study the correlation of high-risk human papillomavirus 16 and 18 (HPV16/18) infections with the risk of prostate cancer (PCa) and their association with the clinicopathologic indexes of PCa.

METHODSWe collected tissue samples from 75 cases of PCa and 73 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). We detected HPV16/18 infections in the samples by immunohistochemistry and PCR combined with reverse dot blot (RDB) assay.

RESULTSImmunohistochemistry revealed 16 cases of HPV16/18 positive in the PCa (21.3%) and 7 cases in the BPH samples (9.5%), with statistically significant difference between the two groups (P=0.049). PCR combined with RDB assay showed 17 cases of HPV16 infection (22.6%) and 13 cases of HPV18 infection (17.8%), including 4 cases of HPV16/18 positive, in the PCa group, remarkably higher than 6 cases of HPV16 infection (8.2%), 3 cases of HPV18 infection (4.1%) and no HPV16/18 positive in the BPH controls (P=0.001). No significant differences were observed between the result of immunohistochemistry and that of PCR combined with RDB assay (P=0.069). The risk of HPV16/18 infections was found to be correlated with the clinical T-stage and Gleason score of PCa (P<0.05 ) but not with the patient's age, PSA level or lymph node metastasis (P>0.05 ).

CONCLUSIONSHigh-risk HPV16/18 infections are correlated with the risk of prostate cancer.

Human papillomavirus 16 ; Human papillomavirus 18 ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Neoplasm Grading ; Papillomavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; epidemiology ; virology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; virology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in Pingliang City of Gansu Province.

METHODSWe performed a cross-sectional randomized study of 836 men aged > or = 40 years from 26 communities of Pingliang, obtained their IPSS, measured the prostate volume by transabdominal ultrasonography, recorded the maximum flow (Qmax) by uroflowmetry, and processed the data by one-way analysis of variance.

RESULTSTotally 820 subjects meeting the study criteria were included in the investigation. The men ranged in age from 40 to 83 years, averaging 61.5 years. The mean IPSS, prostate volume and Qmax were 9.3 +/- 7.8, (29.2 +/- 18.6) ml and (15.3 +/- 7.2) ml/s, respectively, all correlated with age. The prevalence of moderate-severe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) was 46.8% (384/820). The prostate volume was > 20 ml in 63.5% (521/820), and Qmax <15 ml/s in 48.5% (398/805) of the subjects. The incidence rate of BPH, defined as IPSS >7, Qmax <15 ml/s and prostate volume > 20 ml, was 23.5% (193/820).

CONCLUSIONAmong the men aged > or = 40 years in Pingliang, LUTS and prostate volume were correlated positively, while Qmax negatively with age, and the prevalence of BPH was 23.5%.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Organ Size ; Prevalence ; Prostate ; pathology ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; diagnosis ; epidemiology

OBJECTIVETo define the differences in the risk factors for clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) between the Mongolian and the Han people.

METHODSBetween January 2003 and June 2005, 63 Mongolian and 63 Han patients with BPH were interviewed using a questionnaire consisting of the risk factors for BPH.

RESULTSThe intake of alcohol and dairy products was higher in the Mongolians than in the Hans (P <0.05). The consumption of milk tea, dairy products and meat was significantly greater in the Mongolians ( >250 g per day) than in the Hans (P <0.01). And there were more smokers (the smoking index >300) with moderate to severe symptoms (IPSS > 7) in the Mongolians than in the Hans (85.71% vs 57. 14%, P <0.01). The incidence of intraprostatic chronic inflammation and calcification within the prostate gland was higher in the Mongolians (28% vs 11% , P < 0.05; 36.5% vs 15.87% , P < 0.01, respectively). No significant difference was observed between the two groups in body mass, blood pressure, marriage age, offspring number, physical activity, IPSS score and PSA level.

CONCLUSIONCompared with Han BPH patients, the Mongolian BPH patients had greater alcohol intake, higher protein diet and higher incidence of intraprostatic chronic inflammation, and those with the smoking index greater than 300 were more likely to receive surgical treatment.

Aged ; Alcohol Drinking ; epidemiology ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; China ; epidemiology ; Feeding Behavior ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Smoking ; epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostate hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH) and depression are both increasing in Chinese aging males. However, the relationship still remains unknown. To explore their relationship, a retrospective cohort study based on propensity score matching (PSM) was conducted by analyzing the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study dataset. After data cleaning, a total of 5125 participants were enrolled and subjected to PSM; 1351 pairs were matched and followed for 2 years. Further logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were performed to evaluate, model and visualize the relationship between depression and LUTS/BPH. Moreover, subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were adopted to verify the robustness of the conclusions. Before PSM, depressive patients showed higher odds of LUTS/BPH in all three models adjusting for different covariates (P < 0.001). After PSM, univariate logistic regression revealed that depressive patients had higher risks for LUTS/BPH than participants in the control group (odds ratio [OR] = 2.10, P < 0.001). The RCS results indicated a nonlinear (P < 0.05) and inverted U-shaped relationship between depression and LUTS/BPH. In the subgroup analyses, no increased risks were found among participants who were not married or cohabitating, received an education, had an abnormal body mass index (<18.5 kg m
Aged ; China/epidemiology* ; Cohort Studies ; Depression/epidemiology* ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Longitudinal Studies ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/etiology* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Propensity Score ; Prostatic Hyperplasia/epidemiology* ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and the age-related growth pattern of the prostate among 40 -70 year-old males in Shanghai community.

METHODSUsing cluster and stratified random sampling and IPSS, we investigated the prevalence of LUTS among 1000 males aged 40 -70 years in the general population of Shanghai from November 2009 to June 2010. We measured the transverse, anteroposterior and vertical diameters of the prostate and its transition zone in each volunteer by transrectal ultrasonography and established the equation for the age-related growth pattern of the prostate.

RESULTSIn the 40 to 49-, 50 to 59- and 60 to 70-year groups, the incidence rates of moderate and severe LUTS (IPSS > or = 8) were 10.0%, 15.0% and 28.7%, respectively. The length, width, height and volume of the prostate and its transition zone were positively corrected with age (P < 0.05). The prostatic growth pattern equations based on the parameters of the transverse, anteroposterior and vertical diameters were Y = 1.6 x 10(-5)X3-0.002 1X2 + 0.074 6X + 0.677 2, Y = -2.4 x 10(-5)X3 + 0.003 3X2-0.1312X + 1.269, and Y = 1.6 x 10(-5)X3-0.001 8X2 + 0.073X- 0.690 9, respectively. The transverse and anteroposterior diameters of the prostate grew at a relatively similar rate, while the transverse diameter grew obviously faster than the vertical diameter before 60 years old, but the latter significantly increased and even exceeded the former after 60 years old.

CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of LUTS among old and middle-aged males in Shanghai community is similar to that recently reported at home and abroad. The transverse and anteroposterior diameters of the prostate grow at a relatively similar rate, but the vertical diameter increases faster after 60 years old.

Adult ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; diagnostic imaging ; epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Prostate ; diagnostic imaging ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; diagnostic imaging ; epidemiology ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: Lower urinary tract symptoms are numerous, but the specific impact of each of these symptoms on the quality of life (QoL) has not been evaluated in community-dwelling men. An assessment of these symptoms and their effects on QoL was the focus of this study. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study with 373 men aged >50 years from a community setting. Patients completed the International Prostate Symptom Score questionnaire, which includes questions on each of the specific urinary symptoms and a question addressing health-related QoL that are graded from 0 to 5. We used the Pearson correlation test to assess the impact of each symptom on QoL. RESULTS: Nocturia (58.9%) was the most prevalent urinary symptom. The mean score was 0.9+/-1.4 for incomplete emptying, 1.0+/-1.5 for frequency, 0.9+/-1.3 for intermittency, 0.8+/-1.3 for urgency, 1.0+/-1.5 for weak stream, 0.5+/-1.0 for straining, and 2.0+/-1.6 for nocturia. Nocturia and frequency were the only symptoms associated with poorer QoL, with nocturia showing a stronger association. CONCLUSIONS: Nocturia affects 50% of community dwelling men aged >50 years, and is the lower urinary tract symptom with the greatest negative impact on QoL.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Epidemiology ; Humans ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; Male ; Nocturia* ; Prostate ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Quality of Life* ; Rivers ; Urinary Tract*

The prevalence of urinary symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) was studied in a community-based, representative sample of 519 men over 50 years old for estimation of prevalence of BPH in Korea. Symptoms were assessed by the Korean version of International Prostatic Symptom Score(IPSS). Only 5(1%) men reported having undergone prostate surgery due to BPH and excluded from analysis. Among 514 men, nocturia and weak stream were the most prevalent symptoms and urgency was the least. Based on the IPSS, 31.7% of the men were free of urinary symptoms(IPSS 0), 45.1%, 18.7% and 4.5% of the men were minimally(IPSS 1-7), moderately(IPSS 8-19) and severely(IPSS 20-35) symptomatic, respectively. The proportion of severely symptomatic men approximately doubled with each decade of age. A good correlation was found between the total symptom score and the single disease-specific quality of life score that is included in the IPSS. Our estimation indicated that in 1995 approximately 800,000 Korean men had moderate to severe urinary symptoms that were likely to be associated with BPH. These results suggest that the prevalence of BPH in Korean men is substantially similar to Caucasian.
Epidemiology ; Humans ; Korea* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 ; Nocturia ; Prevalence* ; Prostate ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Quality of Life ; Rivers

OBJECTIVETo explore operative complications of photoselective vaporization of prostate (120 W) for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

METHODSThe clinical data of 186 cases who underwent photoselective vaporization of prostate (120 W) for the treatment of BPH from May 2010 to April 2012, was statistically analyzed.

RESULTSThe operative time ranged from 7 to 147 minutes, and the average time was (37.7 ± 21.5) minutes. No patient accepted intraoperative blood transfusion, and occurred transurethral resection syndrome or capsular perforation. The time of postoperative indwelling catheter ranged from 1 to 11 days, and average time was (4.3 ± 2.2) days. Surgical outcome was satisfactory. Early postoperative complications included bladder spasm (3 cases), transient dysuria (19 cases), urinary tractirritation (94 cases), secondary hemorrhage (26 cases), transient urge incontinence (19 cases), all cases were relieved after treatment. Long-term complications, including recurrence (1 case), bladder neck stenosis (2 cases) and urethral stricture (2 cases), who had required reoperation. Postoperative patients with international prostate symptom score (29.4 ± 3.4), maximum urinary flow rate ((6.0 ± 1.6) ml/s) and residual urine ((167 ± 150) ml) had improved (t = -76.0 - 61.4, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSWith less invasive, less bleeding and rapid postoperative recovery, photoselective vaporization of prostate (120 W) is a safe and effective minimally invasive treatment techniques for BPH. But there is still some complications after surgery and proper handling is required.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Humans ; Lasers, Solid-State ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; epidemiology ; Prostate ; surgery ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; surgery