No abstract available.
Prostatic Diseases*

PURPOSE: We assessed the influence of age and prostate volume on the serum total PSA and percent free PSA level, and total PSA on the percent free PSA level in men with benign prostatic disease except clinically detectable prostatic cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sera were obtained from 250 men with total PSA level of 0 to 20 ng/ml who were clinically negative for cancer. Total and free PSA levels were measured using ELSA-PSA2 and FPSA-RIACT immunoradiometry assay. Prostate volume was determined by transrectal ultrasound. RESULTS: Age and prostate volume correlated significantly with Total PSA levels (r=0.204 and 0.482, p<0.05) and free PSA levels (r=0.246 and 0.539, p<0.05) but not with percent free PSA(r=0.057 and -0.039, p=0.188 and 0.541). Total PSA levels correlated significantly with free PSA(r=0.853, p<0.05) and percent free PSA(r=-0.398, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Among men with total PSA levels of 0 to 20 ng/ml and do not have clinically detectable prostatic cancer, total PSA and free PSA increases with increasing age and prostate volume. And percent free PSA decreases with increasing total PSA but it was not influenced by age and prostate volume.
Humans ; Male ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Diseases* ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Ultrasonography

The authors investigated the microbial pathogens responsible for acute urinary tract infection and the antimicrobial susceptibility from 216 patients over 60 years old with benign prostatic hyperplasia from 1/1999 to 6/2000 we have found: Staphylococcus spp (40.6%), E. coli (29%), Pseudomonas spp (19.7%), Enterococcus spp (7.5%), Proteus spp (1.7%), Klebsiella spp (1.1%). Many bacteria were sensitive to imipenem. Often used antimicrobials were gentamycine, kanamycine, ciprofloxacine. Most bacteria were resistant to usual antimicrobial drugs. Most of the patients were from 70 to 80 years old (51.2%). The patients over 80 were at high risk of infection (90%).
Prostatic Neoplasms ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Fibroma ; Prostatic Diseases

Transrectal ultrasonography is one of the most available techniques to evaluate prostatic disease and is far more accurate than conventional ultrasonography. A retrospective review of ultrasonographic characteristics of the prostate was made in an attempt to define the ability of the technique to distinguish benign from malignant prostatic disease. Analysis included evaluation of the capsule, abnormal foci (echo brightness, echo thickness) and calcification. Transrectal ultrasonography was performed in 79 cases and the results were compared with the pathologic results of prostatic tissue obtained by transperineal ultrasound guided or transurethral prostatic resection. Acoustic characterization of abnormal small foci within the gland has a moderate degree of overlap, but may suggest the differentiation of benign and malignant disease.
Acoustics ; Prostate ; Prostatic Diseases ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography*

From March 1982 to June 1985, Serum FSH, LH and prolactin were taken in 85 normal males, 37 benign prostatic hyperplasia and 7 prostatic carcinomas, Radioimmunoassay resulted in the following findings. 1. Serum FSH is seen to increase steadily with age in both normal subjects and patients with BPH. No difference was found in the value of the FSH between the 2 group. 2. Serum LH is seen to increase sharply after 70 years of age but level of LH in the benign prostatic hyperplasia do not reflect this age related increment. 3. Serum prolactin is seen to remain relatively unchanged in the normal male through adult life. No difference was observed between patients with BPH and normal age-matched control.
Adult ; Gonadotropins* ; Humans ; Male ; Prolactin* ; Prostatic Diseases* ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Radioimmunoassay

PURPOSE: Laparoscopic procedures in urology are gaining popularity, with an increasing number of centers performing advanced surgery. Indications have expanded from diagnostic to ablative surgery and more recently to reconstructive procedures. The aim of this review is to summarize the development of laparoscopic urology to date and to examine the various indications and the benefits of its application. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The current status of the indications and results of different laparoscopic procedures dealing with urology are reviewed. RESULTS: It is gradually gaining in popularity as urologists and the general public become more aware of the advantages it offers in terms of patient morbidity and surgical results. With the development of improved laparoscopic instrumentation, approaches to kidney and prostatic diseases have been successfully performed. The laparoscopic procedures are gaining increasing support as surgeons attempt to redefine gold standard minimally invasive therapies in the new millennium. CONCLUSIONS: As laparoscopic instrumentation and equipment continue to improve, it will become possible to explore even more procedures laparoscopically. Advances in imaging techniques, lasers, miniaturized robotics, and other areas may further define what is meant by the term minimal access surgery in the following decades.
Humans ; Kidney ; Laparoscopy* ; Prostatic Diseases ; Robotics ; Urology

It is really important to select irrigating fluids in transurethral resection of prostate. Some factors use to evaluate irrigating fluids, disolve of plasma, the absorption of irrigating fluids on blood circulation, half waist duration in plasma and metabolism factors arise, toxic or nontoxic for body. Some irrigating fluids used in transurethral resection: mannitol, sorbitol, glycin. These fluids are not consider as unfully isotonic
Prostatic Diseases ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; Prostate

We investigated a correlation of serum prostate specific antigen(PSA) and preoperative prostatic volume measured by transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) in 66 patients with pathologically con- firmed benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), as aids in the early detection of prostate cancer and in the improvement of specificity in BPH. The preoperative serum PSA value was also measured in 18 patients with pathologically confirmed prostate cancer and 15 men without prostatic disease as normal control using Tandem-R PSA radioimmunometric assay. There was a highly significant correlation between natural logarithm transformed PSA(In PSA) and non-transformed prostatic volume by linear regression analysis(r=0.6668, p<0.0001). Given above data, we determined a volume adjusted 95th percentile upper confidence limit for n PSA as an appropriate cutoff between normal and abnormal PSA value, according to prostatic volume in BPH. In the patients with BPH and prostate cancer, sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy and positive predictive value were 94%, 72%, 68% and 48%, respectively. A statistical results by the volume-adjusted cutoff for in PSA was similar to that at 10 ng/ml as cutoff for PSA value. Above 40ml in prostatic volume, however, a false positive rate was decreased in inverse proportion to prostatic volume in BPH. In summary, the prostatic volume must be considered in BPH patients with elevated serum PSA value, negative digital rectal examination and negative TRUS of prostate. And when the volume adjusted PSA cutoff is clinically applied to BPH patients for the early detection of prostate cancer, we thought that the false positive rate can be decreased in BPH patients.
Diagnosis* ; Digital Rectal Examination ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Male ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Diseases ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ultrasonography*

PURPOSE: Although PSA(prostate specific antigen) is an excellent tumor marker, it is not prostate cancer-specific but organ-specific. The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of prostate specific antigen adjusted for the transition zone voume(PSATZ) in diagnosing prostate cancer in men with intermediate PSA levels of 4.1 to 10.0 ng/ml. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between March 1997 and September 1998, PSATZ was obtained from 67 patients who underwent ultrasound-guided systemic sextant biopsies and had a PSA of 4.1-10.0ng/ml. PSATZ was compared with PSA, PSAD(PSA density) and free-to-total PSA ratio(F/T ratio) via receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves. RESULTS: Of 67 patients, 22(32.8%) had prostate cancer and 45(67.2%) had benign prostatic hyperplasia on pathologic examination. Mean PSA, F/T ratio, PSAD and PSATZ were 7.96+/-2.01ng/ml 0.10+/-0.06, 0.28+/-0.14ng/ml/cc and 0.70+/-0.28ng/ml/cc in patients with prostate cancer and 6.39+/-1.68ng/ml, 0.15+/-0.05, 0.16+/-0.06ng/ml/cc and 0.29+/-0.11ng/ml/cc in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, respectively. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that PSATZ, F/T ratio and PSAD predicted the biopsy outcome significantly better than PSA in all 67 patients(p<0.01, respectively). In a subset of 45 men with normal digital rectal examination, PSATZ predicted the biopsy outcome better than PSAD or F/T ratio significantly(p<0.01, respectively). With cutoff value of 0.35ng/ml/cc, PSATZ had a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 89% for predicting prostate cancer. With cutoff value of 0.12, F/T ratio had a sensitivity of 73% and a specificity of 71% for predicting prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that PSATZ is more specific and more accurate than PSA, PSAD or F/T ratio in distinguishing benign prostatic disease from prostatic cancer in men with intermediate PSA levels of 4.1 to 10 ng/ml. But large prospective studies are requested to assess the precise role of PSATZ in early prostate cancer detection.
Biopsy ; Digital Rectal Examination ; Humans ; Male ; Prostate* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen* ; Prostatic Diseases ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Prostatic Neoplasms* ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Prostatitis and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are common prostatic diseases. Furthermore, the incidence of prostate cancer has recently shown a rapid increase, even in Korea. Pain caused by prostatitis may induce sexual dysfunction, including erectile dysfunction and ejaculatory disturbance. And BPH itself, or treatments for BPH, may affect sexual function. In addition, with increased detection of localized prostate cancer, surgical treatments and radiation therapy have also increased, and the treatments may cause sexual dysfunction. Aging is also an important factor in the deterioration of the quality of life of men. Deterioration of quality of life caused by prostate diseases may be affected not only by the prostate diseases themselves but also by the sexual dysfunction caused by the prostate diseases secondarily. Thus, consideration of these points at the time of treatment of prostate disease is required. Therapies suitable to each condition should be selected with an understanding of the close association of prostate diseases and associated sexual dysfunction with the quality of life of males.
Aging ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Male ; Prostate ; Prostatic Diseases ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Prostatitis ; Quality of Life