Palatogingival groove (PGG) is an anomaly in the maxillary anterior teeth, often accompanied by the area of bony destruction adjacent to the teeth with no carious or traumatic history. The hidden trap in the tooth can harbor plaque and bacteria, resulting in periodontal destruction with or without pulpal pathologic change. Related diseases can involve periodontal destruction, combined endodontic-periodontal lesions, or separate endodontic and periodontal lesions. Disease severity and prognosis related to PGG depend on several factors, including location, range, depth, and type of the groove. Several materials have been used and recommended for cases of extensive periodontal destruction from PGG to remove and block the inflammatory source and recover the health of surrounding periodontal tissues. Even in cases of severe periodontal destruction, several studies have reported favorable treatment outcomes with proper management. With new options in diagnosis and treatment, clinicians need a detailed understanding of the characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of PGG to successfully manage the condition.
Bacteria ; Diagnosis ; Prognosis ; Prostaglandins G ; Tooth*

The effects of prostaglandins and oxytocin on the contractility of detrusor muscle was investigated in the isolated detrusor muscle strips of rabbit. Contractility was measured on the Physiograph with force transducer by means of Magnus method in the Locke`s solution. The results were summarized as follows. 1. Prostaglandin E, and F2a enhanced the contractility of detrusor muscle and that was more potent in prostaglandin E2. 2. Indomethacin reduced the contractility of detrusor muscle. 3. The effects of prostaglandin E2 and F2a on the contractility of detrusor muscle was not blocked by indomethacin and atropine. 4. Oxytocin enhanced the contractility of detrusor muscle significantly and the patterns of enhancement was similar that of the prostaglandins. 5. Progesterone reduced the contractility but the estrogen didn`t affect the contractility of detrusor muscle. 6. The effect of oxytocin on the contractility of detrusor muscle was not affected by progesterone estrogen and also was not blocked by indomethacin and atropine. From the above results, it was suggested that oxytocin enhance not only the contractility of detrusor muscle but also its action was similar that of prostaglandins.
Atropine ; Dinoprostone ; Estrogens ; Indomethacin ; Oxytocin* ; Progesterone ; Prostaglandins* ; Transducers

The levels of prostaglandin E were studied in the urine of 25 female patients with irritative bladder symptoms but no evidence of organic disease or urinary infection (female urethral syndrome). Twenty five healthy women served as a control group. A significant elevation of prostaglandin E in the urine of patient with female urethral syndrome was demonstrated (by Wilcoxon rank sum test; z= -2.32, p<0.05). The results suggest that prostaglandins may be responsible for the lower urinary tract symptoms in the patients. The potential beneficial clinical effects of prostaglandin syntheses inhibitors in treatingthe severe discomfort associated with urethral syndrome need to be evaluated further.
Female* ; Humans ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; Prostaglandins ; Urinary Bladder

BACKGROUND: There are no serologic markers that accurately reflect the severity of atopic dermatitis (AD), many different scoring systems used in clinical practice and for research purposes have been developed for assessing the severity of AD. OBJECTIVE: The goal of the present study was to evaluate the correlations between severity scoring systems of AD and clinical assessments of physicians and patients. METHODS: We graded the severity of 418 AD patients, applying the SCORing of Atopic Dermtaitis (SCORAD), Objective SCORAD (oSCORAD), Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI), Three Item Severity score, Rajka and Langeland score. Also, we evaluated the Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) of pruritus and sleep loss. RESULTS: here was significant positive correlation between oSCORAD and EASI and oSCORAD showed a good correlation with the other severity scoring systems. oSCORAD was highly correlated with PGA and VAS of pruritus and sleep loss. oSCORAD demonstrated the greatest correlation with body surface area, showing a linear relation. CONCLUSION: oSCORAD can assess the severity of AD with reflecting clinical assessments of physicians and patients and disease extent.
Body Surface Area ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Eczema ; Humans ; Prostaglandins A ; Pruritus

Intracavernosal self injection therapy is now being widely used to treat patients with erectile dysfunction. However, there is a large number of patients who gives up the self injection program due to the fear of needle or injection. Therefore, the less invasive route of drug administration is highly recommended. We investigated the efficacy of intraurethral instillation of PGE1 solution in comparison with the trimix intracavernosal injection. A total of 24 patients have been observed with either injection of trimix (11 patients), or intraurethral instillation of PGE1 (13 patients). All patients were evaluated with the penile doppler ultrasonography before 5,15,30 and 45 minutes after the drug administration. Penile length and circumference were measured before and after intraurethral administration of PGE1. Ten out of 11 patients (91%) showed positive response in trimix group and nine of 13 patients (69.2%) in PGE1 group. Mean length and circumference of penile shaft before and after the pharmacologic erection test showed significant difference in PGE1 group. The mean peak systolic velocity at 30 minutes was 28.5% 10.53 cm/sec in Trimix group and 28.2 t8.47 cm/sec in PGE, group (p=0.4773). The mean end diastolic velocity at 30 minutes was 8.4 5.23 cm/sec in Trimix group and 8.2=4.21 cm/sec in PGE1 group (p=0.4689). With the intraurethral administration of PGE1, urethral pain and irritation were the noticeable complications but systemic side effect was not noticed In conclusion, PGE1 intraurethral instillation can be satisfactorily used for the patients with erectile dysfunction of psychogenic, less prominent organic and neurogenic origin, although the effect of intraurethral instillation of PGE1 is obviously less than that of Trimix intracavernosal injection.
Alprostadil* ; Erectile Dysfunction* ; Humans ; Male ; Needles ; Prostaglandins E ; Ultrasonography, Doppler

It is suggested that renal prostaglandins influence intrarenal hemodynamics and tubular electrolyte excretions, so participate in calcium stone formation by regulating the renal tubular handling of calcium. To investigate the pathogenic role of renal prostaglandin in hypercalciuria, we assessed urinary excretion of sodium and calcium in 21 patients with idiopathic urolithiasis(13 normocalciuric and 8 hypercalciuric patients) and determined the change in calcium and sodium excretion following prostaglandin syntetase inhibition with indomethacin. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. In 13 normocalciuric patients, 24-hour urine calcium excretion was 154+/-63.8 mg/day (mean+/-S.D.) and in 8 hypercalciuric patients, 440+/-82.1 mg/day. 2. The urinary sodium excretion in the hypercalciuric group(172.6+/-32.6 mEq/day) was significantly higher than that in the normocalciuric group(123.5+/-44.4 mEq/day) (p<0.05). 3. In the hypercalciuric group, calcium excretion was significantly reduced by indomethacin (p<0.05). Sodium excretion was also reduced by indomethacin but there was no significance. 4. In the normocalciuric group, there was no significant change of sodium and calcium excretion after administration of indomethacin.
Calcium* ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria ; Indomethacin ; Prostaglandins* ; Sodium ; Urinary Calculi ; Urolithiasis*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tensile strength of surgical synthetic absorbable sutures over a period of 14 days under simulated oral conditions. METHODS: Three suture materials (polyglycolic acid [PGA], polyglactin [PG] 910, and poly (glycolide-co-small je, Ukrainian-caprolactone) [PGC]) were used in 4-0 and 5-0 gauges. 210 suture samples (35 of each material and gauge) were used. All of the samples were tested preimmersion and 1 hour and 1, 3, 7, 10, and 14 days postimmersion. The tensile strength of each suture material and gauge was assessed. The point of breakage and the resorption pattern of the sutures were also assessed. RESULTS: During the first 24 hours of immersion, all 4-0 and 5-0 samples of PGA, PG 910, and PGC maintained their initial tensile strength. At baseline (preimmersion), there was a statistically significant (P<0.001) difference in the tensile strengths between the 4-0 and 5-0 gauge of PGA, PG 910, and PGC. PGA 4-0 showed the highest tensile strength until day 10. At 7 days, all the 4-0 sutures of the three materials had maintained their tensile strength with PGA 4-0 having significantly greater (P=0.003) tensile strength compared to PG. CONCLUSIONS: 4-0 sutures are stronger and have greater tensile strength than 5-0 sutures. The PGA 4-0 suture showed the highest tensile strength at the end of day 10.
Immersion ; Polyglactin 910 ; Polyglycolic Acid ; Prostaglandins A ; Sutures ; Tensile Strength

BACKGROUND: Nitric oxide(NO) produced by activated macrophages through the action of iNOS is the key molecule in the killing mycobacterium. Prostaglandins produced by the action of COX-2, also, are the important mediators of inflammation and other pathophysiologic process. A complex relationship is emerging with regard to "cross-talk" between the NO and COX-2 pathways. OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this study were to investigate the expression of iNOS and COX-2 across the spectrum of leprosy in the paraffin-embedded skin lesions, to demonstrate the interaction between iNOS and COX-2 expression, and to demonstrate the differences in the cell types expressing the iNOS or COX-2. METHOD: In the paraffin-embedded skin lesions of 30 new cases of leprosy(TT, n=4; BT, n=4; BL, n=7; LL, n=15), iNOS and COX-2 expression were detected by using immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: iNOS expression was 2.0-55.8%(mean 15.9%) and the level of expression of iNOS in TT(31.2%) and BT(32.6%) lesions was significantly higher than that of BL(11.1%) and LL(8.6%) lesions(p<0.05). COX-2 expression was 3.6-74.5%(mean 27.1%) and the level of expression of COX-2 in TT(59.2%) lesions was significantly higher than that of BT, BL and LL lesions(p<0.05). There was positive correlation between iNOS and COX-2 expression, that is, the lesions which expressed high level of iNOS also expressed COX-2 highly. The correlation was statistically significant(r=0.535, p<0.05). The overall level of COX-2 expression(27.1%) was higher than that of iNOS expression(15.9%), and when compared the expression of them across the spectrum of leprosy, COX-2 expressed higher than iNOS in TT and LL lesions. CONCLUSION: Both iNOS and COX-2 were expressed in all types of leprosy skin lesions and the level of iNOS expression in TT and BT lesions was significantly higher than that of BL and LL lesions. The level of expression of COX-2 in TT lesions was significantly higher than that of BT, BL and LL lesions. These results suggest that iNOS and COX-2 have important roles in anti-mycobacterial activities in leprosy lesions. The positive correlation between iNOS and COX-2 expression suggests that NO and COX-2 might interact synergistically or additively rather than suppress each other.
Homicide ; Humans ; Inflammation Mediators ; Leprosy* ; Macrophages ; Mycobacterium ; Prostaglandins ; Skin*

BACKGROUND: Indomethacin is a potent inhibitor of prostaglandins biosysnthesis. Sunburn erythema is mainly mediated by prostaglandins. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to compare objectively the effectiveness of topical indomethacin with topical corticosteroid on the suppression of UVB erythema METHODS: Sixteen male medical students who had not exposed their back skin during the last year were included in this study. According to the individual´s MED, 1,2, and 3 MED of UVB were irradiated on each back in triplicate lines. Immediately after UVB irradiation, 2.5% indomethacin solution and 0.25% desoximethasone were applied to each row with one row left for control. 24 hours after the initial application the intensity of each erythema was measured by the naked eye and by colorimeter. RESULTS: The suppressive effectiveness of 2.5% indomethacin solution on UVB induced erythema was superior to that of 0.25% desoximethasone. The L* and a* value of colorimeter were significantly correlated to the differencies of UVB induced erythema among the experimental and control groups is a useful and rapid method to evaluate the UVB induced erythema, and can give a numerical expression to eye perception. CONCLUSION: Our data confirm that topical indomethacin has a stronger suggestive effect on UVB erythema than that of topical corticosteroid.. We suggest that the suppressive effect of indomethacin is mainly due to the inhibition of prostaglandins biosynthesis. The colorimeter CR-200(MINOLTA) is well correlated with the naked eye score and is a useful instrument for objective measurement of the degree of erythema.
Erythema* ; Humans ; Indomethacin* ; Male ; Methods ; Prostaglandins ; Skin ; Students, Medical ; Sunburn

There is considerable evidence that aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) decrease the risk of colorectal neoplasia. Unlike cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), which is constitutively expressed in the colon, COX-2 is overexpressed in colorectal cancers and adenomas in human. Aspirin inhibits the generation of prostaglandins by inhibiting both COX-1 and COX-2, which initiate prostaglandin synthesis. The chemopreventive effect of aspirin against the development of colorectal adenomas has been widely investigated. However, there is no agreement on the effect of aspirin on existing adenomas. We describe a case of colon polyposis that disappeared after aspirin medication.
Adenoma ; Aspirin ; Colon ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Cyclooxygenase 1 ; Humans ; Polyps ; Prostaglandins