No abstract available.
Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases

Background: Earlier studies reported the anti-inflammatory activity in several species of Piper, and Piper umbellatum Linn. leaves containing some phytochemicals that are potent anti-inflammatory agents. However, there was no thorough investigation on the anti-inflammatory activity of the locally grown P. umbellatum in the Philippines. Objective: The study aimed to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of Piper umbellatum leaves using in vitro and in vivo assays. Methodology: Crude extracts were obtained from P. umbellatum leaves using polar and non-polar solvents. The anti-inflammatory activities of all crude extracts were determined using the carrageenan-induced paw edema test in mice and phytochemical analysis. The crude extract with the highest activity was partially purified using column chromatography. The fractions with similar TLC profile were pooled and tested for antiinflammatory activity. COX-1 and COX-2 enzyme inhibitory activity were determined in pooled fractions that showed initial activity in animal model. Results: Among the crude extracts of P.umbellatum, the crude ethyl acetate extract exhibited a significant dose-dependent inhibition on paw edema test with doses of 500 mg/kg bw, 1,000 mg/kg bw and 1,500 mg/kg bw (p<0.05). Among the 20 pooled fractions (PF) collected from the ethyl acetate extract, PF58, PF60 and PF64 had the highest COX-2 enzyme inhibitions of 83.12 %, 84.78% and 77.47%, respectively (p<0.05). PF60 also exhibited the highest anti-inflammatory activity on paw edema with inhibitions of 62.45% at low dose (250 mg/kg bw) and 76.10 % at high dose (1,000 mg/kg bw) in mice. Conclusion The ethyl acetate extract of P. umbellatum leaves and its fraction-PF60 exhibited a significant anti-inflammatory activity in in vitro and in vivo assays and contained high amounts of total phenolic and total flavonoid.
Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases ; Carrageenan ; Inflammation

Acetaminophen is a widely used analgesic-antipyretic. Hypersensitivity reactions to acetaminophen are rare and selective sensitivity to acetaminophen without aspirin or non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug intolerance is even rarer. We experienced a case of acetaminopheninduced bronchial asthma without aspirin sensitivity. An oral challenge test upto 650mg of Tylenol demonstrated urticaria and dyspnea with greater than 20% decrease of FEV1. Both oral provocation test with 500mg of aspirin and lysine-aspirin bronchoprovocation test showed negative results. In conclusion, we report a case of acetaminophen-induced asthma without aspirin sensitivity. Cyclo-oxygenase inhibition may not be a pathogenic mechanism of acetaminophen-induced bronchial asthma. Further studies will be needed to clarify the mechanism of this reaction.
Acetaminophen* ; Aspirin* ; Asthma* ; Dyspnea ; Hypersensitivity ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases ; Urticaria

Laser irradiation of the iris can induce acute increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) as well as hypotony. the author evaluated the effect of the prostaglandin on the biphasic IOP response. Of 14 animals, 7 experimental eyes were treated with topical indomethacin(indomethacin group) and 7 experimental eyes received topical saline(no indomethacin group) prior to laser photocoagulation, and the contralateral eyes were used as control eyes. Change in IOP was defined as [IOP of the experimental eye-IOP of the control eye]. Mean change in IOP reached its highest level 1 hour after laser treatment and subsequently decreased in the no indomethacin group(p=<0.0001, repeated measures ANOVA).However, indomethacin pretreatment showed no statistically significant changes throughtout the experimental period as compared with the baseline value(p=0.4, repeated measures ANOVA). Since indomethacin is known to be a potent ingibitor of prostaglandin synthase, our trsults suggest that prostaglandin plays a role on the biphasic IOP change.
Animals ; Indomethacin* ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Iris* ; Light Coagulation ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases

To study the effect of indomethacin treatment on the reactivity of contact hypersensitivity and discuss relevant mediators which could affect contact hypersensitivity, the following items were evaluated: the change in the plasma concentration of prostsglandin E following indomethacin treatment; the change of contact hypersensitivity following indomethacin treatment. The results ore summarized as follows: 1. The plasma level of prostaglandin E in indomethacin treated mice decreased. 2. The contact hypersensitivity of indomethacin treated mice was depressed. Considering the suppression of contact hyper sensitivity by indomethacin treatment, the metabolites of cyclo-oxygenase such as prostaglandin E may be the possible mediators of induction of contact hypersensitivity.
Animals ; Dermatitis, Contact* ; Indomethacin* ; Mice* ; Plasma ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases

No abstract available.
Cell Proliferation* ; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors* ; Lipoxygenase* ; Meningioma* ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases*

No abstract available.
Acute Lung Injury* ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases* ; Sus scrofa*

To study the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) gene and its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics of lung cancer, expression of the COX-2 mRNA was evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in cancerous tissues and paired adjacent non-cancerous tissues from 56 patients and benign lesions from 12 patients. Our results showed that expression of COX-2 gene was detected in a significantly greater proportion of cancerous tissues (60.7%) than adjacent noncancerous tissues (10.7%, P<0.01) and benign lesions (3/12, P<0.05). Expression of COX-2 gene was higher in adenocarcinoma than in squamous carcinoma (P<0.01). There was no significant relationship between COX-2 gene expression and patients' age, sex, histological type of tumors, differentiation degree and TNM stages (P>0.05). The up-regulation of COX-2 gene in lung cancer tissues especially in adenocarcinoma suggested that COX-2 may play a role in the lung carcinogenesis and COX-2 gene may serve as a potential therapeutic target in lung cancer.
Adenocarcinoma/*enzymology ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; Lung Neoplasms/*enzymology ; Membrane Proteins ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/*biosynthesis ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α activation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) enhances their tumour-suppressive properties and tumour-homing ability. The molecular actors involved are unknown. We found that TNF induced MSC migration and tubulogenesis which correlated with a dose-dependent increase in Cavin-1 and Cavin-3 transcript levels. TNF triggered cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression, whereas specific siRNA-mediated gene silencing of Cavin-2 resulted in an amplified COX-2 expression, tubulogenesis, and migratory response partially due to a rapid and sustained increase in NF-κB phosphorylation status. Our results highlight a suppressive role for the caveolar component Cavin-2 in the angiogenic and inflammatory regulation of TNF-activated MSC.
Gene Silencing ; Inflammation* ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells* ; Necrosis ; Phenotype* ; Phosphorylation ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases

This study was conducted to examine the effect of mefenamic acid for treatment of PDA in premature newborns. Ductus arteriosus is reopened by locally produced prostaglandin E2 in a premature newborn during hypoxia. Mefenamic acid is one of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs acting by inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase in the prostaglandin synthesis pathway. For three premature newborns with PDA, we administered mefenamic acid and evaluated them with echocardiography to study the effect of mefenmic acid for closure of PDA. In all three babies, ductus arteriosus was closed successfully. We feel that mefenamic acid is safe and effective medication for treatment of PDA in premature newborns, but further-study need to be conducted with larger numbers of cases to confirm this effect.
Anoxia ; Dinoprostone ; Ductus Arteriosus ; Echocardiography ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Mefenamic Acid* ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases