No abstract available.
Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases

Background: Earlier studies reported the anti-inflammatory activity in several species of Piper, and Piper umbellatum Linn. leaves containing some phytochemicals that are potent anti-inflammatory agents. However, there was no thorough investigation on the anti-inflammatory activity of the locally grown P. umbellatum in the Philippines. Objective: The study aimed to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of Piper umbellatum leaves using in vitro and in vivo assays. Methodology: Crude extracts were obtained from P. umbellatum leaves using polar and non-polar solvents. The anti-inflammatory activities of all crude extracts were determined using the carrageenan-induced paw edema test in mice and phytochemical analysis. The crude extract with the highest activity was partially purified using column chromatography. The fractions with similar TLC profile were pooled and tested for antiinflammatory activity. COX-1 and COX-2 enzyme inhibitory activity were determined in pooled fractions that showed initial activity in animal model. Results: Among the crude extracts of P.umbellatum, the crude ethyl acetate extract exhibited a significant dose-dependent inhibition on paw edema test with doses of 500 mg/kg bw, 1,000 mg/kg bw and 1,500 mg/kg bw (p<0.05). Among the 20 pooled fractions (PF) collected from the ethyl acetate extract, PF58, PF60 and PF64 had the highest COX-2 enzyme inhibitions of 83.12 %, 84.78% and 77.47%, respectively (p<0.05). PF60 also exhibited the highest anti-inflammatory activity on paw edema with inhibitions of 62.45% at low dose (250 mg/kg bw) and 76.10 % at high dose (1,000 mg/kg bw) in mice. Conclusion The ethyl acetate extract of P. umbellatum leaves and its fraction-PF60 exhibited a significant anti-inflammatory activity in in vitro and in vivo assays and contained high amounts of total phenolic and total flavonoid.
Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases ; Carrageenan ; Inflammation

No abstract available.
Acute Lung Injury* ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases* ; Sus scrofa*

To study the effect of indomethacin treatment on the reactivity of contact hypersensitivity and discuss relevant mediators which could affect contact hypersensitivity, the following items were evaluated: the change in the plasma concentration of prostsglandin E following indomethacin treatment; the change of contact hypersensitivity following indomethacin treatment. The results ore summarized as follows: 1. The plasma level of prostaglandin E in indomethacin treated mice decreased. 2. The contact hypersensitivity of indomethacin treated mice was depressed. Considering the suppression of contact hyper sensitivity by indomethacin treatment, the metabolites of cyclo-oxygenase such as prostaglandin E may be the possible mediators of induction of contact hypersensitivity.
Animals ; Dermatitis, Contact* ; Indomethacin* ; Mice* ; Plasma ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases

Acetaminophen is a widely used analgesic-antipyretic. Hypersensitivity reactions to acetaminophen are rare and selective sensitivity to acetaminophen without aspirin or non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug intolerance is even rarer. We experienced a case of acetaminopheninduced bronchial asthma without aspirin sensitivity. An oral challenge test upto 650mg of Tylenol demonstrated urticaria and dyspnea with greater than 20% decrease of FEV1. Both oral provocation test with 500mg of aspirin and lysine-aspirin bronchoprovocation test showed negative results. In conclusion, we report a case of acetaminophen-induced asthma without aspirin sensitivity. Cyclo-oxygenase inhibition may not be a pathogenic mechanism of acetaminophen-induced bronchial asthma. Further studies will be needed to clarify the mechanism of this reaction.
Acetaminophen* ; Aspirin* ; Asthma* ; Dyspnea ; Hypersensitivity ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases ; Urticaria

Laser irradiation of the iris can induce acute increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) as well as hypotony. the author evaluated the effect of the prostaglandin on the biphasic IOP response. Of 14 animals, 7 experimental eyes were treated with topical indomethacin(indomethacin group) and 7 experimental eyes received topical saline(no indomethacin group) prior to laser photocoagulation, and the contralateral eyes were used as control eyes. Change in IOP was defined as [IOP of the experimental eye-IOP of the control eye]. Mean change in IOP reached its highest level 1 hour after laser treatment and subsequently decreased in the no indomethacin group(p=<0.0001, repeated measures ANOVA).However, indomethacin pretreatment showed no statistically significant changes throughtout the experimental period as compared with the baseline value(p=0.4, repeated measures ANOVA). Since indomethacin is known to be a potent ingibitor of prostaglandin synthase, our trsults suggest that prostaglandin plays a role on the biphasic IOP change.
Animals ; Indomethacin* ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Iris* ; Light Coagulation ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases

No abstract available.
Cell Proliferation* ; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors* ; Lipoxygenase* ; Meningioma* ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases*

To study the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) gene and its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics of lung cancer, expression of the COX-2 mRNA was evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in cancerous tissues and paired adjacent non-cancerous tissues from 56 patients and benign lesions from 12 patients. Our results showed that expression of COX-2 gene was detected in a significantly greater proportion of cancerous tissues (60.7%) than adjacent noncancerous tissues (10.7%, P<0.01) and benign lesions (3/12, P<0.05). Expression of COX-2 gene was higher in adenocarcinoma than in squamous carcinoma (P<0.01). There was no significant relationship between COX-2 gene expression and patients' age, sex, histological type of tumors, differentiation degree and TNM stages (P>0.05). The up-regulation of COX-2 gene in lung cancer tissues especially in adenocarcinoma suggested that COX-2 may play a role in the lung carcinogenesis and COX-2 gene may serve as a potential therapeutic target in lung cancer.
Adenocarcinoma/*enzymology ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; Lung Neoplasms/*enzymology ; Membrane Proteins ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/*biosynthesis ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

The postoperative analgesic effects of firocoxib in ovariohysterectomized cats were observed. Twenty-four cats were divided into 3 groups: control (no medicine), firocoxib-1 (1 mg/kg/day) and firocoxib-3 (3 mg/kg/day). Colorado pain scale scores (CPSS), composite pain scores (CPS), and buccal mucosal bleeding times (BMBT) were recorded in blinded fashion before induction and 2, 5, 8, 24, 30, and 48 h post-operation. The average CPSS (mean ± SEM) over 2 to 48 h post-operation in firocoxib-3 (0.4 ± 0.1) was significantly lower than that of the control (0.7 ± 0.2; p = 0.004), but that of firocoxib-1 (0.5 ± 0.2) was not different from that of the control (p = 0.40). The mean CPS of firocoxib-3 was significantly lower than that of the control at 24 h post-operation (p = 0.04); nonetheless, there was no significant difference in mean CPS between firocoxib-1 and control groups at all intervals. BMBT and body temperature were within normal limits in all groups. However, reversible azotemia was identified in two firocoxib-3 cats at 72 h post-operation. One firocoxib-3 cat vomited once at 48 h post-operation. In conclusion, firocoxib-3 is helpful for postoperative pain control in cats; however, gastrointestinal irritation and renal function side effects may occur.
Analgesia ; Animals ; Azotemia ; Bleeding Time ; Body Temperature ; Cats* ; Colorado ; Pain, Postoperative ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In patients with aspirin-sensitive asthma, anti-inflammatory treatment is a common problem in clinical practice. Nimesulide has been chosen due to weak inhibitory action on cyclooxygenase in ASA-sensitive asthma patients. In this study, we evaluated the safety of nimesulide in patients with ASA-sensitive asthma. METHODS: We performed lysine-aspirin bronchoprovocation test to confirm ASA-sensitive asthma, and nimesulide oral provocation test (up to 200 mg) to screen nimesulide sensitivity in 17 cases of bronchial asthma patients. RESULTS: Fifteen (88.2%) of 17 subjects showed positive responses to lysine-aspirin bronchoprovocation test. Six (35.3%) patients reacted to nimesulide oral provocation test. Of the six patients who reacted to nimesulide, three experienced bronchospasm, two urticaria, and one anaphylaxis. All positive reactions occurred within the 200 mg dose. One of 6 subjects showed a positive response to nimesulide oral provocation test without ASA-sensitivity. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of nimesulide sensitivity among aspirin-sensitive asthma was 33.3%, which was higher than in the previous reports. Screening oral provocation test is essential before prescribing relative COX-2 inhibitors for ASA-sensitive asthmatic patients. A case of nimesulide-sensitive asthma without ASA-sensitivity was also noted.
Anaphylaxis ; Asthma* ; Bronchial Spasm ; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Prevalence* ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases ; Urticaria