Models, Statistical ; Propensity Score

OBJECTIVETo realize propensity score matching in PS Matching module of SPSS and interpret the analysis results.

METHODSThe R software and plug-in that could link with the corresponding versions of SPSS and propensity score matching package were installed. A PS matching module was added in the SPSS interface, and its use was demonstrated with test data.

RESULTSScore estimation and nearest neighbor matching was achieved with the PS matching module, and the results of qualitative and quantitative statistical description and evaluation were presented in the form of a graph matching.

CONCLUSIONPropensity score matching can be accomplished conveniently using SPSS software.

Models, Statistical ; Propensity Score

Models, Statistical ; Propensity Score

Introduction: Prematurity-related respiratory disorders are an important public health concern that should be treated efficiently and effectively. Antenatal corticosteroid (ACS) therapy has been recommended to hasten fetal lung maturation in pregnancies at risk but has not been delivered adequately in low to middle-income countries. This study aimed to estimate the treatment effects associated with the use of a single-dose antenatal corticosteroid on the incidence of respiratory-associated morbidity among prematurely delivered neonates. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of neonates delivered at 24 to 33 weeks gestation at a tertiary hospital comparing outcomes in those given single-dose ACS with those given no ACS. Association was estimated using logistic and propensity score (PS) analyses, as well as average treatment effect (ATE) and among those treated (ATET). Results: Most neonates (78.11%) received a single dose before delivery (single-dose ACS group) and only a few (21.89%) did not receive any dose (no ACS dose group). The odds ratio of respiratory morbidity in the single-dose ACS group was 0.44 (0.23-0.84) from an adjusted logistic regression model and 0.33 (0.17-0.80) from the PS matching model. The latter model was used to estimate that the average treatment effect from a single-ACS dose on the entire sample was -0.09 (-0.03 to -0.15), while its effect among the actual recipients was -0.08 (-0.02 to -0.15). Conclusion There is a small benefit attributed to the single-dose ACS, reinforcing the need for dose administration and completion. Future studies are recommended to clarify the estimated association and improve on the methodological constraints encountered.
Morbidity ; Propensity Score

Humans ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; Propensity Score

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine effectiveness of 12-hour shifts for nurses compared to 8-hour shifts for the variables: Work-Life Balance, fatigue and work errors. METHODS: In 2014, an opportunity to choose a 12-hour shift duty was given to a group of 8-hour shift nurses. In 2016, two years after this change, this study was done to compare the two groups. Data were collected using questionnaires. Data were sampled by a matching method with propensity score matching (PSM). The participants were 128 nurses: 64 nurses on 12-hour shifts and 64 nurses on 8-hour shifts. The comparison was analyzed using χ2 test, t-test. RESULTS: The nurses on 12-hour shifts showed higher scores for Work-Life Balance (3.37) than the groups on 8-hour shifts (2.99)(p=.018) whereas were no statistical differences between the groups for fatigue (p=.132) or work errors (p=.703). CONCLUSION: The Work-Life Balance scores for nurses who chose the 12-hour shift shows an enhancement without an increase in fatigue or work errors.
Fatigue ; Methods ; Patients' Rooms ; Propensity Score

Introduction: Despite the growing popularity of utilizing observational studies for determining associations with public health implications, there is limited literature using them for examining and quantifying the effects of exposures or treatments: The study compared traditional regression with scoring approaches in estimating treatment effects considering the noted limitations in the dataset. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of previously collected retrospective cohort data derived from maternal-neonatal dyads delivered prematurely in a tertiary hospital. Propensity scores (PS) were estimated using logistic and boosting regression. These scores were implemented into matching, stratification, and weighting models. The estimated measures of effect from traditional regression and PS-adjusted models were compared using certain metrics (i.e., the width of CI, SE, AIC, BIC). Sensitivity analysis was also performed. Results: We included data from 562 patients (123 untreated and 439 treated). Both the estimated scores demonstrated satisfactory fit and reduction in the standardized differences between the groups. However, the logit-estimated scores had better prediction (AUC: 0.71 vs 0.66) and forecasting properties (Brier: 0.15 vs 0.17) than the boosting-estimated scores. All generated statistical models demonstrated a reduction in the occurrence of respiratory morbidity among preterm neonates exposed to a single-dose antenatal corticosteroid (ACS) (ORs ranged from 0.37 to 0.59). The estimated average treatment effects (ATE) and effect among those treated (ATET) from various models suggested a small benefit attributed to the single-dose ACS (ATEs range from -0.09 to -0.41; ATETs range from -0.07 to -0.17). Conclusion PS estimated using logistic regression performed better than those estimated using machine learning strategies. The matching model using the said scores demonstrated better fit and parsimony over conventional and propensity-adjusted models. Future studies are recommended to improve the application of these analytic techniques in real-world data.
Propensity Score ; Machine Learning ; Logistic Models

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to assess the role of adjuvant therapy in stage I-III gallbladder cancer (GBC) patients who have undergone R0 resection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical data were collected on 441 consecutive patients who underwent R0 resection for stage I-III GBC. Eligible patients were classified into adjuvant therapy and surveillance only groups. Propensity score matching (PSM) between the two groups was performed, adjusting clinical factors. RESULTS: In total, 84 and 279 patients treated with adjuvant therapy and followed up with surveillance only, respectively, were included in the analysis. Before PSM, the 5-year relapse-free survival (RFS) rate was lower in the adjuvant therapy group than in the surveillance only group (50.8% vs. 74.8%, p < 0.001), although there was no statistically significant difference in the 5-year overall survival (OS) rate (66.2% vs. 79.5%, p=0.089). After the PSM, baseline characteristics became comparable and there were no differences in the 5-year RFS (50.8% vs. 64.8%, p=0.319) and OS (66.2% vs. 70.4%, p=0.703) rates between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that fluoropyrimidine-based adjuvant therapy is not indicated in stage I-III GBC patients who have undergone R0 resection.
Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Gallbladder Neoplasms* ; Gallbladder* ; Humans ; Propensity Score

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a suicide prevention advertising media campaign by the Korea Suicide Prevention Center in 2014 and to analyze the changes in the levels of suicide prevention related-knowledge, attitude, and behavior of the advertisement viewers. METHODS: Data of 703 participants who responded to both the pre and post telephone surveys out of 1100 adults aged 19 or over randomly selected nationwide were analyzed using a stratified proportional quota sampling method considering sex, age, and region by a survey agency. A propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was used to adjust for potential biases in estimated effects. RESULTS: Of 703 participants who completed pre and post survey interviews, 25.9% watched the media campaign. Comparing the knowledge, attitude, and behavior scores between the advertisement viewers (n=182) and non-viewers (n=521), of those who watched the media campaign, participants' knowledge score showed a statistically significantly increase in all methods of the PSM analysis while there were no statistically significant changes in attitude and behavior. CONCLUSION: The results supported the effectiveness of a suicide prevention media campaign in terms of knowledge, but not of attitude and behavior related to suicide prevention. Further long-term large evaluation studies are suggested.
Adult ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Humans ; Korea ; Propensity Score* ; Suicide* ; Telephone