Since 1966, Propanidid has been used not only for minor operative procedures but also as an induction agent. The present study was undertaken on 28 unselected cases from the daily operating schedule and blood gas analsis done before anesthesia and immediately after intubation with the aid of deporalizing muscle relaxants. Endotracheal intubation was performed intentionally preceding artificial oxygenation. The results of the blood gas study showed a mean PaO2 of 120. 2 mmHg, PaCO2-mean 41. 2 mmHg and pH-mean 7, 388 during respiratory depression following hyperpnea. As an induction agent, propanidid not only has no local complications but also gives smooth induction without excitatory phenomen and a rapid recovery. Further study on the interaction with nondeporalizing muscle relaxants is suggested.
Anesthesia ; Appointments and Schedules ; Intention ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Oxygen ; Propanidid* ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Surgical Procedures, Operative

Three groups of healthy adults were premedicated with diaxepam or secobarbital and anesthetized with propanidid or thiopental. The concentration of serum potassium wes measured before induction and after succinylchaline iodide administration. The increases of potassium in diazepam-thiopental, diaxepam-propanidid and secobarbital propanidid groups were 0. 14, 0. 06, and 0. llmEq/L (3. 29, l. 38 and 2. 58%) respectively. Serum potassium changes were least in diazepam-propanidid group, but there were no significant differences among the 3 groups. The choice of induction agent is of importance for the changes in serum potassium which follow the subsequent injection of succinylcholine iodide. For instance, intravenous induction by barbiturate is followed by a lesser increase in serum potassium after succinylcholine injection than induction by halothane. As barbiturates are so commonly used as intravenous induction agents, we chose thiopental and succinylcholine iodide as standard with which to compare the other induction agents, propanidid and succinylcholine iodode. And also, we wanted compare two premedicants, secobarbital and diaepam. The results were as follows: (1) The thiopental-succinylcholine iodide group and the propaaidid-succinylcholine iodide group revealed no significant differences in serum potassium level. (2) There was a lesser increase in serum potoassium level after premedication with diazepam than premedicstion with secobarbital in the propanidid-succinylcholine iodide group. (3) Induction by propanidid succinylcholine iodide and premedication by diazepam are recommendable for least increasing the serum potassium level.
Adult ; Barbiturates ; Diazepam ; Halothane ; Humans ; Potassium* ; Premedication ; Propanidid ; Secobarbital ; Succinylcholine ; Thiopental

Propanidid was administered to 50 surgical patients, and the following results were obtained 1) Propanidid seemed effective as an induction agent. 2) Propanidid could be used alone or in combination with muscle relaxants. 3) Propanidid had little influence on the cardiovascular system, and caused no significant change in blood pressure. 4) Recovery was more rapid with propanidid than with other barbiturates. 5) Hiccough and involuntary movement were noted in the majority of patients. Vomiting, nausea, headache, shivering, and rash occurred in a few patients.
Barbiturates ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular System ; Dyskinesias ; Exanthema ; Headache ; Hiccup ; Humans ; Nausea ; Propanidid ; Shivering ; Vomiting

Cardiac arrhythmias were produced in the dog by injections of epinephrine or isoproterenol during intravenous thiopental or propanidid anesthesia. Propanidid did not increase the pressor response to epinephrine, reduce the depressor response to isoproterenol, or diminish the tachycardia following epinephrine or isoproterenol. Propanidid, however, consistently increased the arrhythmia threshold doses of epinephrine and isoproterenol four times those during thiopental anesthesia. It is concluded, therefore, that the antiarrhythmic effect of propanidid is not related to beta adremergic blockade but to its local anesthetic or quinidine-like action and that propanidid is an excellent intravenous anesthetic in view of its antiarrhythmic action on the heart.
Anesthesia ; Animals ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac* ; Dogs ; Epinephrine ; Heart ; Isoproterenol ; Propanidid* ; Tachycardia ; Thiopental

To evaluate the maternal and fetal effects of propanidid, clinical observations were carried out in 160 cases of Cesarean section out of 4, 230 deliveries made during the past three years. Upon having the obstetricians ready for incision, 10ml. of 5 per cent propanidid and 40mg. of succinylcholine chloride were administered intravenously, and surgery was begun almost simultaneously with endotracheal intubabation. Thereafter, anesthesia was maintained with N2O-O2-fluothane, N2O-O2 -ether, or ether-O2 in semiclosed circle absorption system. Umbilical cord was ligated within 3-5 minutes after the commencement of induction. This method of anesthesia did not seriously affect the maternal respiration or circulation, and Apgar scores were good or fair in the majority of cases. No undesirable side effects or complications directly attributable to propanidid were encountered.
Absorption ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General* ; Cesarean Section ; Female ; Methods ; Pregnancy ; Propanidid* ; Respiration ; Succinylcholine ; Umbilical Cord

There is a definite need for safe and potent intravenously administered anesthetics of .short duration which combine analgesic and sleep-producing effects without significant cardiovascular and respiratory depression. There are many intravenous drugs to choose from and there have been many types of balanced anesthesia, but no one is satisfactory yet. This experimental study was carried out to seek the possibility of some improved features of cardiovascular and respiratory systems, with the combination of propanidid and ketamine, using rabbits as experimental animals. The following results were obtained. 1) Propanidid is freely miscible with ketamine without significant change of pH, colour or any sediment, so it seems that the effects of both drugs may be preserved well. 2) The propanidid-ketamine mixture group shows that ketamine compensates for the depressive effect of propanidid on blood pressure and pulse rate. 3) The propanidid-ketamine mixture group shows that ketamine compensates for the respiratory depression of propanidid to some extent and propanidid alleviates increased muscle tone by ketamine. Taking together the present results, ketamine compensates well the for depressive effects of propanidid on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Thus propanidid-ketamine mixture seems to be a suitable anesthetic.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthetics ; Animals ; Balanced Anesthesia ; Blood Pressure ; Heart Rate ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Ketamine ; Propanidid ; Rabbits* ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Respiratory System*

It is important that the clinical anesthetist pay attention to the interaction of anesthetic induction agents and succinylcholine chloride(S,C,C) on the elctrolyte level especially the plasma potassium ion concentration. For instance succinylcholine chloride has a marked effect upon specific conditions such as severe burns, multiple injury, deabetes insipidus and myopathy. Also secondary plasma changes may bring about non synchronous depolarizing action on the muscle and cause cardiac arrhythmai and even cardiac arrest by the increase of potassium concentration in the plasma. With this in mind the author has randomly selected 30 patients who belong to class l physical status by the classification of the American Society of Anesthesiologist had no abnormal symptoms in respiration, circulation or endocrine and metabolism defects. This paper covers the period from the 10th of April 1979 to the 10th of May 1980 in the Department of Anesthesiology, Hanyang University Hospital. The 30 subjects were divided into 3 groups: a) propanidid with S.C.C. b) thiopental sodium with S.C.C. c) diazepam with S.C.C. The plasma concentration of potassium, sodium and calcium were observed and compared in the pre-induction (control group) and two minute post-induction(study group). The results are follows: 1) The plasma potassium ion concentration showed no any significant changes in the whole group. 2) The plasma sodium and calcium ion concentration also showed no any significant changes in the whole group.
Anesthesiology ; Burns ; Calcium* ; Classification ; Diazepam ; Heart Arrest ; Humans ; Metabolism ; Multiple Trauma ; Muscular Diseases ; Plasma ; Potassium ; Propanidid ; Respiration ; Sodium* ; Succinylcholine* ; Thiopental

Epontol is well known as an ultra-short-acting intravenous anesthetic which can be used for minor surgery. This case report is to present the possibility of cardiac arrest while using Epontol in a patient with heart disease because its pharmacological action causes acute hypotension due to myocardial depression and histamine release. This 30 year old female who had a history of rheumatic fever with incomplete RBBB manifested by ECG, was admitted with vaginal bleeding and 500 mg of 5% Epontol was .administered for D % C. The patient appeared to have acute cyanosis immediately after Epontol administeration, followed by cardiac arrest. Despite cardiac resuscitation was performed adequately, the patient remained comatose for 1 year and 4 months and died of respiratory failure with sepsis.
Anesthesia, Intravenous* ; Coma ; Cyanosis ; Depression ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Heart Arrest* ; Heart Diseases ; Histamine Release ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Minor Surgical Procedures ; Propanidid* ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Resuscitation ; Rheumatic Fever ; Sepsis ; Uterine Hemorrhage

Intravenous succinylcholine is often associated with adverse effects, including muscle fasciculation, postoperative myalgia, increased intraocular and intragastric pressure, along with potassium and creatinine phosphokinase, myoglobinuria, and disturbances in cardiac rate and rhythm. Several methods have been used to modify these side effects, the most popular of which has been the of subparalyzing doses of nondepolarizining relaxants prior to injection of succinylcholine. With such pretreatment however satisfactory muscular relaxation is often not achieve, necessitaing use of larger doses of succinylcholine becauses pretreatment renders the endplateless sensitive to succinylcholine; hence large doses of succinylcholine are necessary to ensure adquate degress of relaxation. The present investigation was undertaken to determine the effects of flunitrazepam on the adverse effects of succinylcholine. This paper covers the period from March, 1981 to March, 1982 in the Department of Anesthesiology, Hanyang University Hospital. The 45 subjects were divided into 3 groups: 1) propanidid (8mg/kg) with succinylcholine 2) flunitrazepam(0.03mg/kg) with succinylcholine 3) flunitrazepam(0.06mg/kg) with succinylcholine. None had existing neuromuscular disease nor were any patients receiving diazepam or any drug known to influence myoneural blocking agent. Patients with burns, muscle injury of muscle atrophy were excluded. In each group, the plasma concentration of potassium and creatinie phosphokinase was observed before and 10 minutes after use of succinylcholine. Also succinylcholine in duced myalgia, fasciculation, onset of loss of eyelid reflex and relaxation were observed and compared. The conclusions are as follows: 1) There were no significant changes of plasma concentration of potassium and creatinine phosphokinase in presuccinylcholine and 10 minutes postsuccinylcholine. Also any statistically significant changes were not observed in the comparison of the propanidid group and the flunitrazepam groups. 2) Flunitrazepam significantly diminished the incidence of postoperative muscle pain and it was shown that the degree of fasciculation has no relationship with succinylcholine induced muscle pain. 3) In the propanidid group, the onset of loss of eyelid reflex was most rapid(22+/-13 second). In the flunitrasepam 0.03mg/kg group, the onset of loss of eyelid reflex was statistically significant (p<0.05), as compared with the 0.06mg/kg group(42+/-27 second). 4) In all groups, excellent conditions of intubation were observed. Propanidid and flunitrazepam did not affect the magnitude nor duration of the succinylcholine neuromuscular block.
Anesthesiology ; Burns ; Creatinine ; Diazepam ; Eyelids ; Fasciculation ; Flunitrazepam* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intubation ; Muscular Atrophy ; Myalgia ; Myoglobinuria ; Neuromuscular Blockade ; Neuromuscular Diseases ; Plasma ; Potassium ; Propanidid ; Reflex ; Relaxation ; Succinylcholine*

Postanesthetic unusual excitement and prolonged postauesthetic recovery time were experienced after general anesthesia. The cause was discovered later due to accidentally administered atropine overdoses. Atropine vials supplied by the hospital pharmacy were labeled no containing quantity. After survey, the content of atropine was notified as 5 mg/ml instead of 0.5 mg/ml. It was ten times stronger content of the usual dose. General anesthesia were performed under halothane-N2O or methoxyflurane-N2O with semi- closed circle absorber system. Pentothal sodium or epontol intravenously was used as induction agent. For premedication, valium and atropine or valium, demerol and atropine was given intramuscularly. Additional atropine was given before reversing the muscle relaxation with neostigmine. 20 cases of acute atropine toxicity after general anesthesia were analysed for incidence of excitement, prolonged recovery time, total doses of atropine, change of the pulse rate, scarlet and tremor. The results were as follows; 1. Postanesthetic unusual excitement was observed but there were no mortality. 2. Doses of accidentally administered atropine were 9.53+/-4.75 mg (Mean+/-S.D.) 3 Postanesthetic recovery time was unusually prolonged, Mean recovery time was 146.1+/-24.4 minutes. 4. Among the patients, the following rate of complications were found; unusual excitement was 75%, scarlet was 50% and tremor was 10%, respectively 5. Law of the pharmacist should be strictly observed to prevent the accidental overdoses.
Anesthesia, General ; Atropine* ; Diazepam ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Incidence ; Jurisprudence ; Meperidine ; Mortality ; Muscle Relaxation ; Neostigmine ; Pharmacists ; Pharmacy ; Premedication ; Propanidid ; Sodium ; Thiopental ; Tremor