The congenital radio-ulnar synostosis is a rare malformation which often completely perevents pronation and supination of the forearm. Recently, this disese has no good result by treatment including various operative techniques. The authors have experience a case of the congenital radio-ulnar synostosis, which was corrected by modified Green method and satisfactory result was obtained.
Forearm ; Methods ; Pronation ; Supination ; Synostosis

Concurrent injury of medial malleolus and deltoid ligament is difficult to occur considering the injury mechanism. When the concurrent injury comes about, the deltoid ligament injury could be missed and it may lead to medial ankle instability. There are few reported cases of the concurrent injury and domestic case of concurrent failure of both structures over the medial side has been reported just once; however, the injury mechanism is different from this case. The authors report a case of medial malleolus fracture with deltoid ligament rupture following pronation injury with a review of necessity of repairing deltoid ligament for ankle stability.
Ankle Fractures ; Ankle* ; Ligaments* ; Pronation* ; Rupture*

PURPOSE: Thumb hypoplasia gives rise to various derangement of hand functions, leading to various degrees of malformation. The treatment of choice for grade IV or V congenital hypoplasia of the thumb, classified by Buck-Gramcko's criteria, is the pollicization of the index finger. The purpose of this article is to review the clinical usefulness of pollicization for more than grade IV hypoplasia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three grade IV and 3 grade V hypoplastic thumbs in 6 patients, one with radial club hand, were reviewed retrospectively. They underwent pollicization between 1987 and 1997. The index metacarpi were osteotomized for shortening and readjusted by pronation. To evaluate postoperative function, authors used the criteria of Sundararaj and Mani. RESULTS: Except for the exclusion of one patient, four had excellent and one had good functional statuses. CONCLUSION: Pollicization was considered to be worthwhile for functional improvement of the hands in more than grade IV congenital hypoplasia of the thumb.
Fingers ; Hand ; Humans ; Pronation ; Retrospective Studies ; Thumb*

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of weight-bearing on foot shape measured by 3-D foot scanner. METHOD: Forty-two feet of twenty-one normal subjects were studied. The foot length, width, girth and arch parameters under non weight-bearing and weight-bearing conditions were measured by 3-D foot scanner (Nexcan(R), K & I, Korea), analysis software (EnFOOT(r), K & I, Korea) and 3-D foot arch measurement program. RESULTS: The foot length, ball width, ball girth, waist girth, instep girth, short heel girth, long heel girth and length from heel point to proximal arch point significantly increased under weight-bearing condition (p<0.01). However, vamp height, waist height, instep height, length of arch, height of arch, width of arch, length from heel point to distal arch point, maximal arch height and volume of arch were significantly decreased under 50% weight-bearing condition (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Foot parameters associated with length, width and girth increased but volume, width, length, and height of medial longitudinal arch decreased under weight bearing condition. We suggest that these findings under weight- bearing condition result from the pronation of subtalar joint and the decrement of heights of transverse and longitudinal arch heights.
Foot* ; Heel ; Pronation ; Subtalar Joint ; Weight-Bearing*

Concurrent injury of medial malleolus and deltoid ligament is difficult to occur considering the injury mechanism. When the concurrent injury comes about, the deltoid ligament injury could be missed and it may lead to medial ankle instability. There are few reported cases of the concurrent injury and domestic case of concurrent failure of both structures over the medial side has been reported just once; however, the injury mechanism is different from this case. The authors report a case of medial malleolus fracture with deltoid ligament rupture following pronation injury with a review of necessity of repairing deltoid ligament for ankle stability.
Ankle Fractures ; Ankle ; Ligaments ; Pronation ; Rupture

The radial head forms articulation with radial head fossa of proximal ulna and capitellum, and it ditectly contributes pronation and supination of forearm and also flexion and extension of elbow. There were debates in treatment of radial head fracture especially in displaced or communited fracture. From January 1982 to February 1992, we experienced and analysed 29 cases of radial head fracture. They were treated with conservative treatment or operative treatment according to type The results were as follows; 1. We could get better results with open reduction and internal fixation with miniscrew than radial head excision in type 11 radial head fracture. 2. There were unfavorable results of valgus instability, weakness in all cases of radial head excision.
Elbow ; Forearm ; Head ; Pronation ; Supination ; Ulna

PURPOSE: To evaluate the differences of the outcome between external fixator and external fixator supplemented with K-wire in the treatment of distal radius fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-one cases which underwent external fixation (external fixation group) and 28 cases, external fixation supplemented with K-wire (external fixation with K-wire group), were analyzed. Radial length, radial inclination and volar tilt were compared in preoperative, immediate postoperative radiographs, and radiographs after removal of external fixator between two groups. And functional outcome including flexion, extension, pronation and supination of wrist were compared between two groups and wrist pain, as well. RESULT: Radial length and radial inclination in the postoperative radiographs and radiographs after removal of external fixator showed no difference between two groups, but volar tilt of external fixation group measured 2.1+/-4.2 degrees, 1.3+/-3.8 degrees and external fixation with K-wire group, 8.8+/-2.3 degrees, 8.5+/-2.4 degrees respectively, so that external fixation with K-wire group showed better reduction and maintenance. Wrist flexion and extension about postoperative 6 months measured 25.6+/-8.2 degrees, 25.1+/-10.2 degrees, respectively, in external fixation group and 42.5+/-15.2 degrees, 33.6+/-9.5 degrees in external fixation with K-wire group, so that external fixation with K-wire group showed better functional results. CONCLUSION: In the treatment of distal radius fractures, to obtain better reduction and function result, external fixations supplemented with K-wire need to be taken into consideration.
External Fixators* ; Pronation ; Radius Fractures* ; Radius* ; Supination ; Wrist

Plantar heel pain is common musculoskeletal disorder of the foot related to sports activity. Treatment of the plantar heel pain is usually conservative including low-dye (LD) taping. We evaluated the immediate clinical and biomechanical effect of LD taping. 19 patients who had plantar heel pain with fat pad tenderness or tenderness on plantar fascia insertion area participated in this study. We assessed plantar pressure change with foot pressure analysis system, fat pad depth changes with ultrasonography, pain improvement with visual analogue scale before and after LD taping. Patient treated with LD taping showed the decrease in maximum peak pressure and pressure time integral, and there was not a significant difference between pre and post maximal velocity, average velocity, distance of center of pressure. Fat pad depth increase (mean 1.67 mm, p<0.05) and pain improvement (mean 1.91 on visual analog scale, p<0.05). LD taping restrict midtarsal joint, correct hindfoot pronation, and provide fat pad depth increase and pain improvement, immediately.
Adipose Tissue ; Fascia ; Foot ; Heel ; Humans ; Joints ; Pronation ; Sports

BACKGROUND: The location of the ulnar styloid process can be confusing because the radius and the hand rotate around the ulna. The purpose of this study was to identify the absolute location of the ulnar styloid process, which is independent of forearm pronation or supination, to use it as a reference for neutral forearm rotation on lateral radiographs of the wrist. METHODS: Computed tomography (CT) images of 23 forearms taken with elbow flexion of 70° to 90° were analyzed. The axial CT images were reconstructed to be perpendicular to the distal ulnar shaft. The absolute location of the ulnar styloid process in this study was defined as the position of the ulnar styloid process on the axial plane of the ulnar head relative to the long axis of the humeral shaft with the elbow set in the position for standard lateral radiographs of the wrist. To identify in which direction the ulnar styloid is located on the axial plane of the ulnar head, the angle between “the line of humeral long axis projected on the axial plane of the ulna” and “the line passing the center of the ulnar head and the center of the ulnar styloid” was measured (ulnar styloid direction angle). To identify how volarly or dorsally the ulnar styloid should appear on the true lateral view of the wrist, the ratio of “the volar-dorsal diameter of the ulnar head” and “the distance between the volar-most aspect of the ulnar head and the center of the ulnar styloid” was calculated (ulnar styloid location ratio). RESULTS: The mean ulnar styloid direction angle was 12° dorsally. The mean ulnar styloid location ratio was 1:0.55. CONCLUSIONS: The ulnar styloid is located at nearly the ulnar-most (the opposite side of the humerus with the elbow flexed) and slightly dorsal aspects of the ulnar head on the axial plane. It should appear almost midway (55% dorsally) from the ulnar head on the standard lateral view of the wrist in neutral forearm rotation. These location references could help clinicians determine whether the forearm is in neutral or rotated position on an axial CT/magnetic resonance imaging scan or a lateral radiograph of the wrist.
Elbow ; Forearm* ; Hand ; Head ; Humerus ; Pronation ; Radius ; Supination ; Ulna ; Wrist*

No abstract available.
Cerebral Palsy* ; Congenital Abnormalities* ; Forearm* ; Humans ; Muscle Spasticity* ; Pronation* ; Wrist*