From July 1987 to May 1990, a total of 13 simultaneous bilateral percutaneous nephrolithotripsies (PCNL) were performed in two medical institutions for bilateral proximal ureteral stones, bilateral pelvolithiasis and nephrolithiasis, and bilateral staghorn calculi. No major complications occurred. It appears that simultaneous bilateral PCNL has several advantages including reasonable operative time, safety of the procedure and cost effectiveness. Greater applications of this procedures is encouraged. (Author)

Human ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Urinary Calculi ; Nephrolithiasis ; Staghorn Calculi

BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer is the most common malignant tumor among adult men worldwide andthe second most common cause of cancer death. Gleason grading system is a powerful predictor in theprognosis and treatment outcome of prostate carcinoma. OBJECTIVE: This retrospective study aims to evaluate the accuracy of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided biopsy of the prostate compared to radical prostatectomy specimen in predicting thepathological grading of prostate adenocarcinoma using the Gleason scores between specimens. METHODS: This is a review of 69 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy due to prostate cancerin 2010-2015. The Gleason scores of the transrectal ultrasound biopsies were compared with thesurgical specimen. RESULTS: The biopsy Gleason scores obtained from the TRUS biopsy and the radical prostatectomyspecimens were similar in 79.7% of the cases. In patients with moderately differentiated tumors onbiopsy (Gleason score of 5 to 7), the concordance rate was 83% with upgrading after surgery in 16%of the cases. In poorly-differentiated tumors on biopsy (Gleason score of 8 to 10), 74% revealed thesame score on histopathological examination after radical prostatectomy, while 25% of the caseswere given lower Gleason scores after operation. Overall, 20.3% cases were discrepant by 1 or moreGleason scores after radical prostatectomy. There was a good histopathological correlation betweenTRUS biopsy and prostatectomy specimen {AUC =0.787(p=0.001)}. CONCLUSION The overall accuracy of Gleason score on transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsies inpredicting prostatectomy specimen grade is favorable. It plays a significant role in clinical decisionmaking of patients with prostate carcinoma.