AIMTo indicate the titration end-point of precipitation reaction by measuring the relative intensity of the scattered light in the titrate for use in pharmaceutical analysis.

METHODSA visible light-emitting diode (LED) was used as a light source and a photodiode was used as the optical detector. Light on the detector creates an electric current through the diode. With the addition of the titrant, the titrate became turbid and the intensity of the scattered light in the solution increased gradually. If the precipitation reaction proceeded the completion and the solubility of the precipitate was small enough, the intensity of the scattered light will reach maximum at the stoichiometric point; thus, the titration end-point can be indicated. The accuracy of nephelometric titrimetry was discussed theoretically and the titration of NaCl with AgNO3 was used as a model. To demonstrate the applicability of the new titrimetry in pharmaceutical analysis, phenytoin sodium and procaine hydrochloride were titrated with AgNO3 and NaOH solutions, respectively.

RESULTSWith our new titrator and nephelometric sensor, the accuracy and precision of our new titrimetry can be better than 0.2% under suitable conditions.

CONCLUSIONThis new titrimetry can be used for pharmaceutical analysis.

In order to examine whether repeated sciatic nerve blocks showed tachyphylaxis and continuity of sciatic nerve with spinal cord affected development of tachyphylaxis when assayed in vivo by duration of depression compound action potentials (CAP), rats were anesthetized with halothane, ventilated, monitored and supported with stable hemodynamics and temperature. Posterior tibial nerve distally and sciatic nerve in thigh were exposed, placed on bipolar silver electrodes for stimulation and recording respectively. Three sequential sciatic nerve blocks were performed between these electrodes using 0.15 ml of 3% chloroprocaine. Nine rats were chosen to observe the effects of repeated sciatic nerve blocks on CAP. In another 18 rats, a second investigator exposed the sciatic nerve near its origin at spinal cord and randomly performed nerve cut and sham (n=9), and closed the incision blinding the electrophysiologic investigator. The results showed that electrical stimulated tibial nerve induced sciatic nerve Aalpha/beta, Adelta, C fiber mediated CAP waves. CAP amplitudes were remained stable during whole experimental procedure. CAP amplitudes were decreased completely with 3% chloroprocaine blocked sciatic nerve and recovered fully. The duration of CAP depression were reduced with repeated blocks. There were no selective blocked effects on Aalpha/beta, Adelta, C fiber mediated CAP. With sciatic nerve cut proximally, there was no statistical significant tachyphylaxis with 3% chloroprocaine repeated blocked sciatic nerve, and the duration of first and third blocked Adelta fiber mediated CAP was 108+/-20 and 92+/-14 min respectively (P>0.05). In normal rats the duration of first and third blocked Adelta fiber mediated CAP was 110+/-20 and 75+/-16 min respectively (P<0.05). It was suggested that tachyphylaxis to local anesthetics can occur in rats repeated blocked sciatic nerve when assayed in vivo by duration of depression CAP. The continuity of sciatic nerve with spinal cord is one of the important factors affecting the development of tachyphylaxis.
Anesthetics, Local/*administration & dosage ; Nerve Block ; Procaine/administration & dosage ; Procaine/analogs & derivatives ; Sciatic Nerve ; *Tachyphylaxis/physiology

PURPOSE: The authors of the present study conducted a comparative analysis of procaine hydrochloride topical anesthesia and Nadbath-Rehman-Ellis akinesia to observe orbicularis oculi stress against the eyelid speculum and occurrence of postoperative ptosis. METHODS: In 40 eyes of 20 patients, 1 eye underwent a cataract operation by topical anesthesia and the other eye underwent Nadbath-Rehman-Ellis akinesiaDepending on the anesthetic method, the 2 groups were evaluated to determine the difference in marginal reflex distance and levator function after the surgery. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in the mean preoperative MRD1 which was 2.5 +/- 0.4 mm and levator function which was 9.0 +/- 1.1 mm. After 1 week and 4 weeks, the mean MRD1 on eyes with topical anesthesia was 2.0 +/- 0.3 mm and 2.3 +/- 0.3 mm, respectively, and the mean MRD1 on eyes with Nadbath-Rehman-Ellis akinesia was 2.3 +/- 0.2 mm and 2.4 +/- 0.4 mm, respectively, which was significantly lower (p = 0.046, 0.042). The levator functions showed no significant differences. The reduction of MRD1 over 2 mm was shown only in the group with topical anesthesia which was significantly higher in comparison to the group with Nadbath-Rehman-Ellis akinesia which had none. CONCLUSIONS: In cataract surgery, Nadbath-Rehman-Ellis akinesia can reduce damage to the levator aponeurosis decreasing the occurrence of postoperative ptosis.
Anesthesia ; Cataract ; Eye ; Eyelids ; Humans ; Procaine ; Reflex ; Surgical Instruments

Anesthetics, Local* ; Animals ; Papillary Muscles* ; Procaine ; Rats* ; Tetracaine

Anesthetics, Local* ; Animals ; Papillary Muscles* ; Procaine ; Rats* ; Tetracaine

A case of lymphocytoma cutis, the circumscribed form in 9 year-old girl is reported. This is seldom conclusive without histological examinatien for a wide variety of conditions has to be considered. The circumscribed form usually responds rapidly to radiotherapy, although recurrence is possible and good results from the use of procaine penicillin especially in the disseminated form. In this case, I experienced good results from CO, slush and topical application of 0.25 % fluocortolone 3 times a day without recurrence in 3 months after treatment.
Child ; Female ; Fluocortolone ; Humans ; Penicillin G Procaine ; Pseudolymphoma* ; Radiotherapy ; Recurrence

The statistical survey on 148 patients with herpes zoster was made. Among 148 patients, 78 were treated with sublesional injection of predinisolone-procaine for severe neuralgic pain. 1) The incidence of herpes zoster was increasing with age, reaching it's height at age of 41-60 group and declining thereafter (Fig. 1). 2) The ratio of severe neuralgic pain of herpes zoster to the total incidence of every age groups was increasing with age, being 23.5% in the youngest age group under 10 and 85.7% in the eldest age group between 71-80 (Table 1). 3) The ratio of zoster peetoralis to the total incidence was 70% and a case of generalized herpes zoster associated with lymphocytic leukemia was observed. 4) 78 cases of herpes zoster suffering from the severe neuralgic pain were treated with sublesional injection of predinisolone-proicaine. The effect was excellent, shortening it's eours and relieving pain. There were so complications of hematogenous dissemination, skin infection and atrophy after the injection, except one case of hematogenous dissemination in lymphocytic leukemia.
Atrophy ; Herpes Zoster* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Leukemia, Lymphoid ; Procaine* ; Skin

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The use of cisplatin is limited by dose-dependent nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity. Some papers demonstrated that procaine hydrochloride increases the therapeutic index of cisplatin, reducing nephrotoxicity, improving antitumor activity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the preventive effect of procain hydrochloride on cisplatin induced ototoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Procaine hydrochloride was used to prevent the ototoxic effects of cisplatin. To evaluate the efficacy, ABR threshold shifts and histopathologic examinations were performed. RESULTS: After injection of cisplatin, ABR indicated that procaine hydrochloride reduced threshold shift significantly. The cochlear hair cells, especially outer hair cells in basal turn, were severely damaged in cisplatin treated group comparing to cisplatin/procaine hydrochloride treated group. In cisplatin/ procaine hydrochloride treated cochlea, the apoptotic cells were decreased compared to cisplatin treated group. CONCLUSION: Procaine hydrochloride might protect cisplatin induced ototoxicity in guinea pigs.
Animals ; Cisplatin* ; Cochlea ; Guinea Pigs* ; Guinea* ; Hair ; Procaine*

Penicillin is still the first choice of drug in the treatment of gonorrhea. The ever lowering sensitivity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to penicillin and the emergence of PPNG (Penicillinase Producing Neisseria Gonorrhoeae) in the Far East and other parts of the world neceessitate reapprisal of treatrnent schedules with penicillin for gonococcal infections. In Korea, no authentical study in this regard has been done recently. The presence of intracellular gram r.egative diplococci in urethral smear as weIl as the presence of oxidase positive typical, round, convex, smooth, glistening, tratmslucent, greyish colonies of 0.5 to 2mm in diameter a 24 hours composed of grarn negative diplococci are used for presump'ive evidence of gonococccal infection 224 male patients with acnte uncomplicated gonococal infections were treated one of following regimens. Regimen A: 4.8mega unit combicillin (3.6mega unit procaine penicillin+l.2 mega unit sodium penicillin) i.m.. preceded by 1gm probenecid p.o., Regirnen B: 4.8 mega unit procaine penicillin i.m. preceded by 1gm probenecid P.O. Regimen A showed 14 failures(11.3% arnong 124. Regimen B showed 19 failures (19%) among 100 It is suggested that in Korea sesnsitivity to penicillin of Yeisseria gonorrhoeae is quite low.
Appointments and Schedules ; Far East ; Gonorrhea ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Neisseria ; Neisseria gonorrhoeae ; Oxidoreductases ; Penicillin G Procaine ; Penicillins* ; Probenecid ; Procaine ; Sodium

Among all of the cerebrovascular problems that which has the highest mortality and worst prognosis is the problem of intraventricular hemorrhage. The mortality is highest immediately following the hemorrhage. Because direct surgical intervention is thought to be very dangerous in patients with intraventricular hemorrhage most of these patients have been treated conservatively. This study gives the results of evacuation of the intraventricular blood plus the placement of external draninage catheters which decrease the intraventricular pressure and provide and outlet for the blood should the patient have further hemorrhage. Such a procedure is associated with clinical improvement which better prepares such patients for subsequent surgical treatment. Eighteen patients who had intraventricular hemorrhage between June 1973 and April 1974 are analyzed as to the results of this operative treatment. Also the literature concerning this new method is reviewed. The operative procedure was as follows: Under local anesthesia using 1% procaine unilateral or bilateral burr holes were made in the frontal area. Ventriculostomy was made through these oles. The ventricle was irrigated with physiologic saline removing the hematoma or the bloody ventricular fluid. The irrigation was continued until the fluid became relatively clear. Following the initial irrigation, the cannular was removed and a Nelaton catheter placed into the ventricle. The catheter was fixed to the scalp and connected to a drainage bottle under aseptic conditions. The ventricular drainage was maintained at 200 mmH2O for 7-10 days. Prior to surgery 2 million units of procaine penicillin was injected into the ventricle. Postoperatively, 5mg of Gentamycin was injected through the catheter twice a day. Surgical drainage of the ventricle was done 3 hours to 7 days after the onset of clinical signs of hemorrhage. The external ventricular drainage was maintained for an average of 7.0 days. RESULTS: 10 patients(56%) improved and could be discharged. 4 died of recurrent intraventricular hemorrhage, of gastrointestinal bleeding, or of myocardial infarction during hospitalization. However, all of these 4 patients showed some clinical improvement following the operative procedure. Only "4" patients expired after surgery. This mortality of 44% is considerably less than the usually found mortality of 80-100% for intraventricular hemorrhage and 60-70% in subarachnoid hemorrhage. On the basis of this study a more active treatment of patients with intraventricular hemorrhage, including operative drainage of the ventricles is proposed.
Anesthesia, Local ; Catheters ; Drainage* ; Gentamicins ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage* ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Mortality ; Myocardial Infarction ; Penicillin G Procaine ; Procaine ; Prognosis ; Scalp ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; Ventricular Pressure ; Ventriculostomy