1.Surgical Treatment and Clinical Study of Postoperative Maxillary Cyst.
Sam Hyun KWON ; Yun Su YANG ; Yang Gi MIN
Korean Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 1997;40(8):1115-1121
BACKGROUND: Postoperative maxillary cyst(POMC) occurs as a delayed complication following Caldwell-Luc(C-L) operation. Revisional C-L operation has been preferred by most surgeons. Recently, marsupialization with intranasal endoscope has been increased in the management of POMC. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this sutdy was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of POMC and the relationship between location of the cyst on axial PNS CT and surgical approaches. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The 24 patients(26 sides) were reviewed from 1990 to 1996. According to the classification methods of Nakamura, sixteen cases were located in medial, two cases in posterolateral and eight cases in anterolateral of the maxilla. RESULTS: The 22 cases including medial(16 cases), posterolateral(2 cases) and Anterolateral(4 cases) types were treated with marsupialization via intranasal endoscopic approach, 4 of 8 cases which were located in anterolateral type were treated with Caldwell-Luc approach. There was no complication and showed improvement in all patients. CONCLUSION: We think that the classification methods of cyst was useful in deciding surgical approaches. The endoscopic intranasal marsupialization is an effective therapeutic method of POMC especially in medial and posterolateral types.
Classification
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Endoscopes
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Humans
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Maxilla
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Pro-Opiomelanocortin
2.Clinical Characteristics of Postoperative Maxillary Cyst
Aditi SHARMA ; Do Hyung KIM ; So Young CHOI ; Jin Wook KIM ; Tae Geon KWON ; Jun Young PAENG
Journal of Korean Dental Science 2017;10(2):60-65
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to analyze the clinical features of postoperative maxillary cyst (POMC) according to the patient's medical history of previous sinus operation and symptoms with radiological characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The subjects of this study were 41 patients who had been diagnosed with POMC via clinical and histological examination from 2007 to 2016. RESULT: Thirty-five patients had medical histories of Caldwell-Luc procedures and four patients had maxillary sinus surgery, such as cyst enucleation and open reduction for maxillary bony fractures. From the computed tomography images, 25.6% (11/43) showed multilocular cysts and 74.4% (32/43) showed unilocular lesions. As for the treatment methods, cyst enucleation was conducted on 34 patients, and among them, three were treated previously with marsupialization. Their symptoms included diverse locations of pain and swelling. CONCLUSION: The clinical features of POMC varied from unilocular to multilocular and the symptoms included pain and swelling.
Humans
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Maxillary Sinus
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Pro-Opiomelanocortin
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Sinusitis
3.The effect of radiographic imaging modalities and the observer's experience on postoperative maxillary cyst assessment.
Tae In GANG ; Kyung Hoe HUH ; Won Jin YI ; Sam Sun LEE ; Min Suk HEO ; Soon Chul CHOI
Imaging Science in Dentistry 2014;44(4):301-305
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of postoperative maxillary cyst (POMC) diagnosis by panoramic radiographs versus computed tomography (CT) and by oral and maxillofacial radiologists versus non-specialists. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-five maxillary sinuses with POMCs and 63 without any lesion were assessed using panoramic radiographs and CT images by five oral and maxillofacial radiologists and five non-specialists on a five-point scale. The areas under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were analyzed to determine the differences in diagnostic accuracy between the two imaging modalities and between the two groups of observers. The intra-observer agreement was determined, too. RESULTS: The diagnostic accuracy of CT images was higher than that of panoramic radiographs in both groups of observers (p<0.05). The diagnostic accuracy of oral and maxillofacial radiologists for each method was higher than that of non-specialists (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The use of CT improves the diagnosis of POMC, and radiological training and experience leads to more accurate evaluation.
Diagnosis
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Maxillary Sinus
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Pro-Opiomelanocortin
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Radiography, Panoramic
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ROC Curve
4.Two Cases of Cushing's Disease Due to Large Pituitary ACTH Secreting Tumor.
Hong Seung KIM ; Choon Hee CHUNG ; Mee Yeon CHO ; Young Goo SHIN ; Il Hoe KIM ; Seok Woo YANG ; Jang Young KIM
Journal of Korean Society of Endocrinology 1998;13(1):83-93
Cushing's syndrome that is caused by an adenoma of the corticotrape cells of the anterior pituitay or, rarely, by couticotrope hyperplasia is refered to as Cushing's disease. Cushings disease is usually characterized by chronic, moderate hypersecretion of ACTH and other POMC derived peptide. Most patients have ACTH-secreting anterior pituitary corticotrope microadenomas, but a small minority have a pituitary macroadenoma. We recently experenced two cases of Cushings disease due to pituitary macroadenoma. and report this cases with review of literatures.
Adenoma
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Adrenocorticotropic Hormone*
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Cushing Syndrome
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Humans
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Hyperplasia
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Pro-Opiomelanocortin
5.Advances in the correlation between loss of neural homeostasis and diet-induced obesity.
Zhishun HUANG ; Mengying ZHENG ; Qingjun FENG ; Yannü HONG ; Zhonglei LU
Chinese Journal of Biotechnology 2019;35(8):1433-1440
The social problems and medical burdens caused by obesity have become more serious in recent years. Obesity is mainly caused by the imbalance of energy intake and consumption in the body. The central nervous system and related neurons regulate the balance of energy metabolism. The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) contains anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons and orexigenic neuropeptid Y(NPY)/agouti-related protein (AgRP) neurons that regulate the feeding behavior of body. High-fat diet induces phosphorylation of Rb protein in POMC neurons, and inactivation of Rb phosphorylation leads to re-entry of POMC neurons from the resting-state into the cell cycle, which rapidly shifts to apoptosis. High-fat diet also causes the inhibition of neuronal regeneration, induces inflammation and neuronal damage, loss of neuronal homeostasis, leptin resistance, and ultimately leads to obesity. This review discusses the relationship between loss of neuronal homeostasis and dietary obesity, as well as the underlying mechanisms, which might provide the evidence for prevention and treatment of these diseases.
Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus
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Homeostasis
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Humans
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Leptin
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Obesity
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Pro-Opiomelanocortin
6.Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Hypothalamic Regulation of Energy Metabolism.
Endocrinology and Metabolism 2013;28(1):3-5
To understand the etiology of metabolic disorders, including obesity and type II diabetes, it is essential to gain better insight into how stored and available energy sources are monitored by the central nervous system. In particular, a comprehension of the fine cellular interplay and intracellular mechanisms that enable appropriate hypothalamic and consequent endocrine and behavioral responses to both circulating hormonal and nutrient signals remains elusive. Recent data, including those from our laboratories, raised the notion that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation is not merely a by-product of substrate oxidation, but it plays a crucial role in modulating cellular responses involved in the regulation of energy metabolism. These review summarizes the published recent data on the effect of ROS levels in the regulation of neuronal function, including that of hypothalamic melanocortin neurons, pro-opiomelanocortin and neuropeptide Y-/agouti related peptide-neurons, in the modulation of food intake.
Central Nervous System
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Comprehension
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Eating
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Energy Metabolism
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Hypothalamus
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Neurons
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Neuropeptides
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Obesity
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Peroxisomes
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Pro-Opiomelanocortin
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Reactive Oxygen Species
7.Antidepressant-like Effect of Kaempferol and Quercitirin, Isolated from Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten.
Soo Hyun PARK ; Yun Beom SIM ; Pyung Lim HAN ; Jin Koo LEE ; Hong Won SUH
Experimental Neurobiology 2010;19(1):30-38
Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten. is widely cultivated in Jeju Island (South Korea) for use in manufacture of health foods. This study described antidepressant effect of two flavonoids (kaempferol and quercitrin) isolated from the Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten. The expression of the hypothalamic POMC mRNA or plasma beta-endorphin levels were increased by extract of Opintia ficus-indica var. saboten or its flavoniods administered orally. In addition, antidepressant activity was studied using tail suspension test (TST), forced swimming test (FST) and rota-rod test in chronically restraint immobilization stress group in mice. After restraint stress (2 hrs/day for 14 days), animals were kept in cage for 14 days without any further stress, bet with drugs. Mice were fed with a diet supplemented for 14 days and during the behavioral test period with kaempferol or quercitrin (30 mg/kg/day). POMC mRNA or plasma beta-endorphin level was increased by extract of Opintia ficus-indica var. saboten and its flavoniods. In addition, immobility time in TST and FST was significantly reduced by kaempferol or quercitrin. In rota-rod test, the time of permanence was maintained to the semblance of control group in turning at 15 rpm. Our results suggest that two flavonoids (kaempferol and quercitrin) isolated from the Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten. show a potent antidepressant effect.
Animals
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beta-Endorphin
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Diet
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Flavonoids
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Hindlimb Suspension
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Immobilization
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Kaempferols
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Mice
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Opuntia
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Plasma
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Pro-Opiomelanocortin
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Quercetin
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RNA, Messenger
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Swimming
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Food, Organic
8.A Case of Secondary Trigeminal Neuralgia Caused by Infected Postoperative Maxillary Cyst.
Sang Min LEE ; Han Kyung SUNG ; Ju Chang KANG ; Hong Joong KIM
Journal of Rhinology 2018;25(2):114-117
Postoperative maxillary cyst (POMC) is relatively common complication among patients who underwent Caldwell-Luc surgery. Patients with POMC usually have no symptoms, although cyst extension can result in bone destruction or cystic infection with pain. The trigeminal nerve consists of the ophthalmic nerve, maxillary nerve, and mandibular nerve. Among these branches, the maxillary nerve runs to the lateral and frontal sides of the maxillary sinus wall. POMC can rarely lead to trigeminal neuropathy caused by cyst enlargement that compresses some branches of the trigeminal nerve. Recently, we experienced a case with trigeminal neuralgia due to POMC. The patient was successfully treated with inferior meatal antrostomy. We report this rare case with a literature review.
Humans
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Mandibular Nerve
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Maxillary Nerve
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Maxillary Sinus
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Ophthalmic Nerve
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Pro-Opiomelanocortin
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Trigeminal Nerve
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Trigeminal Nerve Diseases
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Trigeminal Neuralgia*
9.Improvement of Leptin Resistance.
Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine 2013;30(1):4-9
Leptin, a 16-kDa cytokine, is secreted by adipose tissue in response to the surplus of fat store. Thereby, the brain is informed about the body's energy status. In the hypothalamus, leptin triggers specific neuronal subpopulations (e.g., POMC and NPY neurons) and activates several intracellular signaling events, including the JAK/STAT, MAPK, PI3K, and mTOR pathway, which eventually translates into decreased food intake and increased energy expenditure. Leptin signal is inhibited by a feedback inhibitory pathway mediated by SOCS3. PTP1B involves another inhibitory pathway of leptin. Leptin potently promotes fat mass loss and body weight reduction in lean subjects. However, it is not widely used in the clinical field because of leptin resistance, which is a common feature of obesity characterized by hyperleptinemia and the failure of exogenous leptin administration to provide therapeutic benefit in rodents and humans. The potential mechanisms of leptin resistance include the following: 1) increases in circulating leptin-binding proteins, 2) reduced transport of leptin across the blood-brain barrier, 3) decreased leptin receptor-B (LRB), and/or 4) the provocation of processes that diminish cellular leptin signaling (inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, feedback inhibition, etc.). Thus, interference of the cellular mechanisms that attenuate leptin signaling improves leptin action in cells and animal models, suggesting the potential utility of these processes as points of therapeutic intervention. Various experimental trials and compounds that improve leptin resistance are introduced in this paper.
Adipose Tissue
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Blood-Brain Barrier
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Body Weight
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Brain
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Eating
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Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
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Energy Metabolism
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Humans
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Hypothalamus
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Leptin
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Models, Animal
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Neurons
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Obesity
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Pro-Opiomelanocortin
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Receptors, Leptin
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Rodentia
10.Acute Effects of Capsaicin on Proopioimelanocortin mRNA Levels in the Arcuate Nucleus of Sprague-Dawley Rats.
Jin Seong LEE ; Sung Gon KIM ; Hyeun Kyeung KIM ; Sun Yong BAEK ; Cheol Min KIM
Psychiatry Investigation 2012;9(2):187-190
OBJECTIVE: Capsaicin, a noxious stimulant and main component of the hot flavor of red peppers, has an analgesic effect when administered to humans. We investigated the expression of proopioimelanocortin (POMC) mRNA in the arcuate nucleus of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats after administering capsaicin, hypothesizing that administering capsaicin activates the central opioid system. METHODS: SD rats were divided randomly into two groups; one group received a saline injection and the other received a capsaicin injection. The POMC mRNA level in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus was measured by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction at 0, 20, 40, 60, and 120 minutes after capsaicin administration. RESULTS: Capsaicin administration resulted in a significantly increased POMC mRNA level, compared to that in saline-treated rats at the 20-minute time point (t=-4.445, p=0.001). However, no significant group differences were observed at other times (t=-1.886, p=0.089; t= -0.973, p=0.353; t=-2.193, p=0.053 for 40, 60, and 120 minutes, respectively). CONCLUSION: The analgesic effect of capsaicin might be associated with increased activity of the cerebral opioid system. This finding suggests that capsaicin acted for nociception and analgesia and could affect alcohol-intake behavior, which might further imply that a food culture could affect drinking behavior.
Analgesia
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Animals
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Arcuate Nucleus
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beta-Endorphin
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Capsaicin
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Capsicum
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Drinking Behavior
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Humans
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Hypothalamus
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Nociception
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Pro-Opiomelanocortin
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Rats
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Rats, Sprague-Dawley
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RNA, Messenger