Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging provides a safe and cost-efficient method for immediate data acquisition and visualization of tissues, with technical advantages including minimal autofluorescence, reduced photon absorption, and low scattering in tissue. In this review, we introduce recent advances in NIR fluorescence imaging systems for thoracic surgery that improve the identification of vital tissues and facilitate the resection of tumorous tissues. When coupled with appropriate NIR fluorophores, NIR fluorescence imaging may transform current intraoperative thoracic surgery methods by enhancing the precision of surgical procedures and augmenting postoperative outcomes through improvements in diagnostic accuracy and reductions in the remission rate.
Absorption ; Fluorescence ; Lymph Nodes ; Methods ; Optical Imaging ; Thoracic Surgery

OBJECTIVE: The inability to propel a bolus of food successfully from the posterior part of the oral cavity to the oropharynx is defined as transfer dysphagia. The present case series describes the varied presentation of transfer dysphagia due to focal dystonia and highlights the importance of early detection by following up on strong suspicions. METHODS: We describe seven cases of transfer dysphagia due to focal dystonia. Transfer dysphagia as a form of focal dystonia may appear as the sole presenting complaint or may present with other forms of focal dystonia. RESULTS: Four out of seven patients had pure transfer dysphagia and had previously been treated for functional dysphagia. A high index of suspicion, barium swallow including videofluoroscopy, associated dystonia in other parts of the body and response to drug therapy with trihexyphenidyl/tetrabenazine helped to confirm the diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Awareness of these clinical presentations among neurologists and non-neurologists can facilitate an early diagnosis and prevent unnecessary investigations.
Barium ; Deglutition Disorders ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Dystonia ; Dystonic Disorders ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Mouth ; Oropharynx

Owing to an oversight in manuscript preparation, the name of the fifth author was rendered incorrectly. The correct spelling is Divya Dahiya.

Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging provides a safe and cost-efficient method for immediate data acquisition and visualization of tissues, with technical advantages including minimal autofluorescence, reduced photon absorption, and low scattering in tissue. In this review, we introduce recent advances in NIR fluorescence imaging systems for thoracic surgery that improve the identification of vital tissues and facilitate the resection of tumorous tissues. When coupled with appropriate NIR fluorophores, NIR fluorescence imaging may transform current intraoperative thoracic surgery methods by enhancing the precision of surgical procedures and augmenting postoperative outcomes through improvements in diagnostic accuracy and reductions in the remission rate.

¹⁸F-Fluorocholine (FCH) PET/CT is evolving as a functional imaging modality for the preoperative imaging of abnormal parathyroid tissue(s) helping to localize eutopic and ectopic parathyroid tissue and limit the extent of surgery. FCH PET/CT may show incidental uptake in various thyroid lesions necessitating further evaluation, whereas the role of ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT in the detection of incidental thyroid nodules is well documented. The case of a middle-aged woman with dual pathology of parathyroid adenoma and papillary thyroid cancer detected on FCH and FDG PET/CT is presented.

Owing to an oversight in manuscript preparation, the name of the fifth author was rendered incorrectly. The correct spelling is Divya Dahiya.

Introduction: The culture of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) has become wide spread because of its high productivity over a short period of time. Its production partially fulfills the demand for food in rural people in Bangladesh. However, the accumulation of toxic heavy metals in the human body through consumption of fish contaminated by it causes various diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioaccumulation of five heavy metals, namely, cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni) and copper (Cu) in cultured Nile tilapia in the Noakhali region of Bangladesh. Methods: Fish were collected from three different fish farms in the Noakhali region and samples of gill, muscles and liver of tilapia were assayed for Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni and Cu using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Proximate composition of the tilapia was also determined. Results: Metal accumulation in different tissues was as follows: liver > gill > muscle. The accumulation of metals in the muscle, gill and liver was Ni > Pb > Cr > Cu > Cd, Pb > Ni > Cu > Cr > Cd and Pb > Cu > Ni > Cr > Cd, respectively. The bioaccumulation of lead was significantly increased in liver and gill while muscle showed the lowest value. Conclusion: It can be concluded that bioaccumulation of Pb, Cr and Ni in Nile tilapia in this study exceeds the permissible limits set for heavy metals by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)-407. This is potentially risky for consumers.