On the basis of the previous work of the research group, the orthogonal design method was further used to optimize the processing technology for reducing toxicity of fried Tripterygium wilfordii in Lysimachia christinae Decoction. A total of 9 processed products of T.wilfordii in L.christinae decoction were prepared by four factors and three levels orthogonal design table. The contents of triptolide in T.wilfordii were determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) before and after processing: 4.27, 3.92, 3.57, 2.75, 2.42, 2.66, 3.51, 1.87, 1.75, 2.03 μg·g~(-1). On this basis, the above processed products were orally given to mice for 28 days. 12 hours after the last administration, food fasting except water was provided, and 24 hours later, the eyeballs were taken for blood and liver tissue. Serum biochemical indexes, liver lipid peroxidation and antioxidant related indexes were detected by kit method. Twenty-eight days after oral administration of raw T.wilfordii, the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and liver malondialdehyde(MDA) in mice increased by 91%(P<0.01), 46%(P<0.05), 73%(P<0.01) and 99%(P<0.01), while the liver antioxidant indexes such as superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione(GSH), glutathione peroxidase(GPX) and glutathione-S transferase(GST) significantly decreased(P<0.01). After administration of the processed products, the above indexes were significantly reversed(P<0.01 or P<0.05). Especially, the processing conditions of A_3B_2C_1D_3 had the best detoxification effect on T.wilfordii, which decreased the high levels of AST, ALT, ALP and MDA by 49%(P<0.01), 32%(P<0.01), 42%(P<0.01), and 17%(P<0.05). Therefore, the best processing conditions for T.wilfordii in L.christinae decoction were A_3B_2C_1D_3, namely "15% mass fraction of L.christinae, 1 h moistening time, 160 ℃ frying temperature, and 9 min frying time".
Animals ; Antioxidants ; Liver ; Mice ; Primulaceae ; Technology ; Tripterygium

The mycoflora of Korea was rather poorly studied in the past and the fungi belonging to the genus Septoria are no exception. For this reason, taxonomic studies on Septoria have been initiated, with the eventual aim of producing a monograph of the Septoria species present in Korea. The present study circumscribes 10 species; viz., Septoria artemisiae, S. callistephi, S. chrysanthemella, S. erigerontis, S. lycopersici, S. lysimachiae, S. oenotherae, S. phlogis, S. rohlenae, and S. sonchi. Distinguishing morphological characters are described and illustrated for each species.
Artemisia ; Classification ; Fungi ; Korea* ; Oenothera ; Primulaceae

Eleven flavonol glycosides were isolated from the ethanol extract of Lysimachia clethroides by a combination of various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography over silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and reversed-phase HPLC. Their structures were identified as astragalin (1), isoquercitrin (2), isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), quercetin-3-O-β-D-6"-acetylglucopyranoside (4), quercetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), prunin (6), 2-hydroxynaringin-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), kaempferol-3-O-rutinonoside (8), kaempferol-3-O-robinobioside (9), rutin (10) and kaempferol-3,7-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (11). Among them, compounds 4, 7 and 11 were obtained from the Lysimachia genus for the first time, while compounds 3, 5 and 9 were firstly reported from this plant. In the preliminary assays, compounds 2, 6 and 8 possessed significant inhibition against aldose reduc- tase, with IC50 values of 2.69, 1.00, 1.80 μmol · L(-1), respectively; none of compounds 1-11 exhibited obvious cytotoxic activity (IC50 > 10 μmol · L(-1)).
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Flavonols ; chemistry ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Primulaceae ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

Nine flavonoids were isolated and identified as luteolin (1), luteolin-4'-O-beta-D-glucoside (2), acacetin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside (3), rutin (4), acacetin (5), quercetin (6), quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside (7), kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-glucoside (8), Isorhamnetin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside(9) from Lysimachia paridiformis var. stenophylla, and all these compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Antioxidants ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Flavonoids ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Primulaceae ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of Androsace umbellata.

METHODMany chromatography means were used in separation and purification, and the structures of all compounds were identified by the means of spectroscopic analysis and physico-chemical properties.

RESULT10 compounds were elucidated as kaempferol 3-O-(3-O-acetyl-)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside(1), kaempferol 3-O-(2-O-acetyl-)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside(2), kaempferol 7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside(3), kaempferol 3-O-alpha-L- rhamnopyranoside(4), kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside(5), kaempferol 3-O-(3-O-acetyl-)-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-7-O-alpha-L- rhamnopyranoside(6), kaempferml 3-O-(4-O-acetyl-)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside(7), quercetin 3-O-alpha-L- rhamnopyranoside(8), quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside(9) and myricetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (10), respectively.

CONCLUSIONAll compounds were obtained from the title plant for the first time.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Primulaceae ; chemistry

AIMTo study the triterpenoid saponins in the whole plant of Lysimachia davurica Ledeb.

METHODSColumn chromatography (including AB-8 macroporous resin, silica gel and ODS) was used to separate triterpenoid saponins whose structures were elucidated by ESI-MS, NMR (1D and 2D) and hydrolysis methods.

RESULTSTwo new triterpenoid saponins were isolated and established as 3beta, 16alpha, 28-trihydroxy-olean-12-en-3-0-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl)-28-0-beta-D-glucopyranoside) (I), 3beta, 16alpha, 28-trihydroxy-olean-12-en-3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl)-28-0-beta-D-glucopyranoside) (II).

CONCLUSIONCompounds I and II are new compounds and named as davuricosides D and J.

Molecular Conformation ; Molecular Structure ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Primulaceae ; chemistry ; Saponins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

AIMTo study the triterpenoid saponins in the whole plants of Lysimachia capillipes Hemsl..

METHODSColumn chromatography (including AB-8 macroporous resin, silica gel and ODS) was used to separate triterpenoid saponins whose structures were elucidated by ESI-MS, NMR (1D and 2D) and hydrolysis methods.

RESULTSTwo new triterpenoid saponins were isolated and established as 3beta, 22alpha-dihydroxy-16alpha-angeloyloxy-28-->13-lactone-oleanane-3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinpyranosyl]-22-O-(6-acetyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (I), 3beta, 13beta, 22alpha-trihydroxy-16alpha-acetyloxyoleanane-28-oic acid Na-3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinpyranosyl]-22-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (II).

CONCLUSIONCompounds I and II are new compounds and named as capilliposide I and capilliposide J.

Flavonoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Conformation ; Molecular Structure ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Primulaceae ; chemistry ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

Lysimachiae Herba and Desmodii Styracifolii Herba are common traditional Chinese medicines for treating lithiasis. Both of them have efficacies of clearing heat, diuresis and eliminating calculi. However, there are some differences in their clinic applications. The former is mainly used to treat hepatolithiasis, gallstones, jaundice, stranguria and gout; Whereas the latter is mainly used to treat urinary calculus. In this paper, the pharmacological effects of Lysimachiae Herba and Desmodii Styracifolii Herba on removing calculus, choleresis, anti-inflammation and oxidation resistance were compared and analyzed based on document retrieval. In conclusion, both of them show the preventive and therapeutic effects on kidney stones and gallstones. Particularly, Desmodii Styracifolii Herba has a better effect in treating the kidney stones, while Lysimachiae Herba has a better effect in treating cholesterol gallstones.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Fabaceae ; Gallstones ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi ; drug therapy ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Phytotherapy ; Primulaceae

OBJECTIVETo study hypouricemic effect of aqueous extract of Lysimachia christinae on hyperuricemia in mice.

METHODThe uricase inhibitor potassium oxonate was used to induce hyperuricemia in mice, and serum uric acid level was determined with the phosphotungstic acid method.

RESULTThe aqueous extract of Lysimachia christinae, when administered orally to the oxonate-induced hyperuricemic mice at the doses of 5.2, 10.4 and 20.8 g.kg-1, was able to elicit dose-dependent hypouricemic effects. At these doses of the extract, the serum urate levels of the oxonate-pretreated mice showed no difference from the normal mice. In normal mice, however, oral administration of the extract at the same doses did not produce any observable hypouricemic effects.

CONCLUSIONThe aqueous extract of Lysimachia christinae possesses potent hypuricemic effects on models of hyperuricemia in mice pretreated with oxonate.

Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Female ; Hyperuricemia ; blood ; Mice ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Primulaceae ; chemistry ; Uric Acid ; blood

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents from the whole plant of Lysimachia davurica.

METHODThe constituents were separated and purified by column chromatograph, and identified by spectral analysis and physical data.

RESULTSix compounds were isolated and identified as triacontanoic acid(I), palmitic acid(II), beta-amyrin(III), stigmasterol(IV), oleanolic acid(V), soya-cerebroside I (VI).

CONCLUSIONI, III, VI were isolated from this gene for the first time.

Cerebrosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Oleanolic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Primulaceae ; chemistry ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification