No abstract available.
Pregnancy* ; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency*

No abstract available.
Primary Ovarian Insufficiency*

No abstract available.
Antibodies* ; Female ; Humans ; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency*

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to determine whether the FSH receptor mutation is present in infertile Korean patients with 46,XX premature ovarian failure (POF) women. METHODS: The variant of FSH receptor exon 10 in thirteen 46, XX idiopathic POF and 4 healthy fertile (control) women were studied. Missense mutation in Exon 10 was detected in POF patients and healthy fertile women by polymerase chain reaction-single stranded conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP). RESULTS: The variant types of FSH receptor exon 10 (Thr307Ala; A919G) were found in healthy fertile (control) and POF women. CONCLUSIONS: This mutation may not be specific in POF patients and further study is needed in fertile (control) and POF women.
Exons* ; Female ; Humans ; Mutation, Missense ; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency* ; Receptors, FSH*

This study was performed to determine whether the LHbeta -subunit gene missense mutation is present in Korean infertile patients with 46,XX POF women. The variants of LHbeta exon 2 (Trp 8Arg; TGG to CGG and Ile15Thr; ATC ti ACC) were studied in forty-four 46.XX idiopathic POF and 54 nonpregnant women. The LHbeta exon 2 variants were more frequent in POF patients (20.5%) than nonpregnant( 16.7%) women (p>0.05). POF patients with the variant was slightly higher than nonpregnant women with the variant.
Exons ; Female ; Humans ; Korea* ; Mutation, Missense ; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency*

Female ; Humans ; Consensus ; Menopause, Premature ; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency/therapy*

The ovarian reserve is necessary for female fertility and endocrine health. Commonly used cancer therapies diminish the ovarian reserve, thus, resulting in primary ovarian insufficiency, which clinically presents as infertility and endocrine dysfunction. Prepubertal children who have undergone cancer therapies often experience delayed puberty or cannot initiate puberty and require endocrine support to maintain a normal life. Thus, developing an effective intervention to prevent loss of the ovarian reserve is an unmet need for these cancer patients. The selection of adjuvant therapies to protect the ovarian reserve against cancer therapies underlies the mechanism of loss of primordial follicles (PFs). Several theories have been proposed to explain the loss of PFs. The “burn out” theory postulates that chemotherapeutic agents activate dormant PFs through an activation pathway. Another theory posits that chemotherapeutic agents destroy PFs through an “apoptotic pathway” due to high sensitivity to DNA damage. However, the mechanisms causing loss of the ovarian reserve remains largely speculative. Here, we review current literature in this area and consider the mechanisms of how gonadotoxic therapies deplete PFs in the ovarian reserve.
Adolescent ; Child ; DNA Damage ; Female ; Fertility ; Fertility Preservation ; Humans ; Infertility ; Ovarian Follicle ; Ovarian Reserve ; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency ; Puberty ; Puberty, Delayed

Primordial follicle activation is a process in which individual primordial follicles leave their dormant state and enter a growth phase. While existing hormone stimulation strategies targeted the growing follicles, the remaining dormant primordial follicles were ruled out from clinical use. Recently, in vitro activation (IVA), which is a method for controlling primordial follicle activation, has provided an innovative technology for primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) patients. IVA was developed based on Hippo signaling and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) signaling modulation. With this method, dormant primordial follicles are activated to enter growth phase and developed into competent oocytes. IVA has been successfully applied in POI patients who only have a few remaining remnant primordial follicles in the ovary, and healthy pregnancies and deliveries have been reported. IVA may also provide a promising option for fertility preservation in cancer patients and prepubertal girls whose fertility preservation choices are limited to tissue cryopreservation. Here, we review the basic mechanisms, translational studies, and current clinical results for IVA. Limitations and further study requirements that could potentially optimize IVA for future use will also be discussed.
Cryopreservation ; Female ; Fertility Preservation ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Methods ; Oocytes ; Ovarian Follicle ; Ovary ; Phosphotransferases ; Pregnancy ; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency

OBJECTIVE: It is widely accepted that the estrogen plays an important role in the maintenance of bone mineral density (BMD). The purpose of this study is to compare the BMD between premature ovarian failure (POF) patients and spontaneous menopausal women, both of which are characterized by estrogen deficiency. METHOD: We compared the BMD of Lumbar 2-4 and Femur neck(right) measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in 17 premature ovarian failure patients and 21 spontaneous menopausal women. RESULTS: POF patients and spontaneous menopausal women showed the BMD of 1.000+/-0.165g/cm2, 1.167+/-0.279g/cm2 at Lumbar 2-4 and 0.793+/-0.132g/cm2, 0.885+/-0.128g/cm2 at Femur neck, respectively. POF patients had lower BMD of Lumbar 2-4 and Femur neck significantly(p<0.05). FSH and estradiol level were not different between the two groups. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that the BMD in POF patients was decreased more severely than that of spontaneous menopausal women. Therefore, more preventive measures against bone loss is required in POF patients than spontaneous menopausal women.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Bone Density* ; Estradiol ; Estrogens ; Female ; Femur ; Femur Neck ; Humans ; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency*

OBJECTIVETo summarize the clinical features of idiopathic premature ovarian failure (POF) and explore the early diagnosis and intervention.

METHODSA retrospective study was conducted in 39 women with idiopathic POF treated between February, 2009 and January, 2010. The clinical data of the patients including the menstrual feature, POF incidence, vaginal ultrasound and pregnancy outcomes were investigated.

RESULTSOne patient had primary amenorrhea and 38 had secondary amenorrhea with an average duration of amenorrhea of 5.82 years. Abrupt cessation occurred after 1-2 menstruations following the menarche in 2 cases (5.1%) and without identifiable preceding signs in 9 cases (23%). The mean uterine and ovarian volume was significantly smaller in POF group than in the control group. Antral follicle count (AFC) was also significantly lower in POF group. Vaginal ultrasound detected at least one ovary in 89.7% and follicular activity in 79.5% of the POF patients. Evidence of ovulation was found in 12 patients, and spontaneous pregnancy occurred in 2 patients with a pregnancy rate of 5.1%.

CONCLUSIONPatients with menstrual disturbance, polymenorrhea and oligomenorrhea are at risk of developing POF, in which case regular detection of the mean uterine volume, ovarian volume and AFC by vaginal ultrasound may help in early POF detection. Close monitoring can be necessary in the course of hormone replacement therapy, and timely intervention with assisted reproductive techniques may increase the chance of pregnancy.