Female ; Humans ; Consensus ; Menopause, Premature ; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency/therapy*

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical efficacy of " acupuncture" and oral estradiol and dydrogesterone tablets (femoston) on premature ovarian insufficiency of kidney deficiency. METHODS: A total of 50 patients with premature ovarian insufficiency of kidney deficiency were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 25 cases in each one.In the observation group, " acupuncture" was applied at Baihui (GV 20), Zhongwan (CV 12), Guanyuan (CV 4), Qihai (CV 6), Zhongji (CV 3), Yaoyangguan (GV 3), Yaoshu (GV 2), Mingmen (GV 4), etc. once every 2 days, 1 month as a course. In the control group, femoston was prescribed for oral administration, one tablet per time, once a day, 1 month as a course. Both of the two groups were given consecutive treatment for 3 courses. Before and after treatment, the clinical symptoms, menstrual improvement as well as the changes of estradiol (E), luteotrophic hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in serum were observed in the two groups. RESULTS: After treatment, the clinical symptoms and menstrual conditions were improved (<0.01), the levels of FSH and LH were significantly reduced (<0.01), and the levels of E were significantly increased in the two groups (<0.01). There were no significant difference in menstrual improvement rate and menstrual improvement time between the observation group and the control group (<0.05), the recurrence rate of menopause and clinical symptom score improvement in the observation group were superior to the control group (<0.05). In the observation group, the level of E in serum was lower and the levels of FSH and LH in serum were significantly lower than those in the control group (<0.05, <0.01). In the observation group, the rate of adverse reaction was 4.0% (1/25), which was lower than 36.0% (9/25) in the control group (<0.05). CONCLUSION " acupuncture" has better therapeutic effect for premature ovarian insufficiency of kidney deficiency. It is superior to femoston in improving clinical symptoms and recurrence rate of menopause as well as reducing the levels of FSH and LH.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases ; therapy ; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency ; therapy

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical effect difference between warm acupuncture at Zusanli (ST 36) and Guanyuan (CV 4) combined with ginger moxibustion at points and western medication for premature ovarian failure (POF). METHODS: Fifty patients with POF were randomly assigned into an acupuncture-moxibustion group and a western medication group, 25 cases in each group. Warm acupuncture (30 min a time) at Zusanli (ST 36) and Guanyuan (CV 4) combined with ginger moxibustion (1.5 h a time) at points were used in the acupuncture-moxibustion group, once a day, 5 times a week. Three courses were given, one month as a course. Climen tablet was prescribed orally from the 5th day of menstruation in the western medication group, one tablet a time, once a day. The medication was given for 3 months, 7 days between the two 21-day medication. Before and after treatment, electrochemiluminescence was used to measure follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH); euzymelinked immunosorbent assay was applied to test estradiol (E); transvaginal color doppler sonography and abdomen ultrasound were applied to determine peak systolic velocity (PSV) of ovarian blood flow, resistance index (RI), pulsatility index (PI), ovarian volume and the number of sinus follicles (AFC). The clinical effect was compared between the two groups. RESULTS: After treatment, FSH and FSH/LH were lower than those before treatment in the two groups (all <0.05), and the value of FSH/LH in the acupuncture-moxibustion group as lower (<0.05). E, PSV and AFC after treatment were higher than those before treatment in the two groups (all <0.05), and PSV, AFC in the acupuncture-moxibustion group were higher (both <0.05). After treatment, RI and PI were lower and ovarian volume increased than those before treatment in the two groups (all <0.05). The total effective rate in the acupuncture-moxibustion group was 92.0% (23/25), and the total effective rate in the western medication group was 88.0% (22/25), without statistical difference between the two groups (>0.05). CONCLUSION Warm acupuncture at Zusanli (ST 36) and Guanyuan (CV 4) combined with ginger moxibustion at points are effective for POF patients, especially in improving FSH/LH, PSV and AFC.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; Ginger ; Humans ; Moxibustion ; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo review and collect the study achievements and the effect mechanism of acupuncture in the treatment of premature ovarian failure (POF) in recent 20 years so as to provide more references for the clinical treatment of POF with acupuncture.

METHODSThrough retrieving PubMed, CNKI and VIP, the literature on acupuncture for POF was collected from January 1, 1998 through March 31, 2017 regarding the rule of acupoint selection and the therapeutic method. The potential effect mechanism was explored.

RESULTSFinally, 26 papers on the clinical treatment for POF with acupuncture and 5 ones on the laboratory mechanism were obtained. The differentiated syndromes and the top 3 acupoints for the treatment of POF included syndrome [Taixi (KI 3), Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and Guanyuan (CV 4)], syndrome [Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Zusanli (ST 36) and Ciliao (BL 32)], syndrome [Taichong (LR 3), Shenting (GV 24), Guanyuan (CV 4)], the mixed syndrome of and [Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Ganshu (BL 18) and Shenshu (BL 23)], the mixed syndrome of and [Pishu (BL 20), Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and Zusanli (ST 36)] and the dysfunction of the thoroughfare vessel and the conception vessel [Guanyuan (CV 4), Zigong (EX-CA 1) and Huangshu (KI 16)]. The top 5 acupoints of the 14 meridians were Guanyuan (CV 4), Shenshu (BL 23), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Zhongji (CV 3), Pishu (BL 20), Taixi (KI 3) and Ganshu (BL 18). The local extraordinary points were dominant. According to the use frequency of the acupoints, the first top 5 meridians were the bladder meridian of foot-, the governor vessel, the conception vessel, the spleen meridian of foot- and the kidney meridian of foot-. The most acupoints were distributed in the chest, the abdomen, the lumber region and the lower limbs. Many therapeutic methods were used, such as acupuncture with filiform needle, electroacupuncture, moxibustion and the acupoint thread-embedding therapy. The effect mechanisms possibly referred to the recovery of the sexual level through regulating the hypothalamus-pituitary gland-ovarian axle (HPOA) function, the improvement of the histological morphology of the uterine, the improvement of body immunity through affecting the nerve-endocrine-immune regulation system as well as the regulation of the genetic and protein expressions of the signal pathway relevant with POF.

CONCLUSIONEven though acupuncture has achieved the therapeutic effects in the clinical treatment of POF, the research on the effect mechanism is still limited. The exploration of acupuncture for POF in terms of mechanism may guide the clinical practice. In the future study, the clinical pathway should be specified and the effect mechanism be explored through the rigorous laboratory design and more objective and rational evaluation system.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Meridians ; Moxibustion ; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency ; therapy

OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of regulating menstruation and promoting pregnancy acupuncture therapy on negative emotions in patients with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). METHODS: A total of 60 patients with POI were randomly divided into an acupuncture group and a western medication group, 30 cases in each group. The acupuncture group was treated with regulating menstruation and promoting pregnancy acupuncture therapy at Baihui (GV 20), Shenting (GV 24), Guanyuan (CV 4), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Shenshu (BL 23), Ciliao (BL 32), etc. once a day, 5 times a week for 3 months. The western medication group was treated by oral administration of climen. The drug was given 1 tablet a day for 21 days and was stopped for 1 week as a course. The treatment was required 3 consecutive courses. The self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) score, modified Kupperman index (KI) score, agitated and depressive symptom scores in KI and serum level of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: After treatment, the SAS scores, KI scores and serum levels of FSH in the two groups and the scores of agitated and depressive symptom in the acupuncture group were lower than those before treatment ( CONCLUSION Regulating menstruation and promoting pregnancy acupuncture therapy can effectively improve the negative emotions of patients with POI and reduce serum level of FSH .
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; Humans ; Menstruation ; Pregnancy ; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency/therapy*

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy between acupuncture-moxibustion treatment by stages and femoston for premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). METHODS: A total of 66 patients with POI were randomly divided into an observation group (33 cases, 3 cases dropped off) and a control group (33 cases, 2 cases dropped off). The patients in the observation group, based on the theory of "transformation of RESULTS: Compared before treatment, the serum levels of FSH and LH were decreased ( CONCLUSION Acupuncture- moxibustion treatment by stages based on the theory of "transformation of
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; Humans ; Moxibustion ; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency/therapy*

The combination of Müllerian agenesis with inguinal ovaries accompanied by primary ovarian insufficiency is extremely rare. A 21-year-old Korean woman was referred to our center with primary amenorrhea. The patient was diagnosed with Müllerian agenesis with inguinal ovaries. Her hormonal profile showed hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism suggesting primary ovarian insufficiency. We performed laparoscopic neovaginoplasty using modified Davydov's procedure and reposition inguinal ovaries in the pelvic cavity. Oral estrogen replacement was applied for the treatment of primary ovarian insufficiency. This is a rare case report on Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome accompanied not only by inguinal ovaries but also with primary ovarian insufficiency. We present our first experience on the laparoscopic neovaginoplasty performed on the patient with müllerian agenesis accompanied by inguinal ovaries and primary ovarian insufficiency.
Amenorrhea ; Estrogen Replacement Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Laparoscopy ; Ovary* ; Peritoneum* ; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency* ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: We conducted a study of the effect of an organic solvent on the failure of ovarian function after exposure to 2-bromopropane for 7 years. METHODS: We conducted a study on 25 female workers in a manufactory who were exposed to 2-bromopropane in 1994. Some of them experienced premature ovarian failure. We have investigated their recoveries from ovarian function and checked LH, FSH, E2, BMD for 7 years of period. RESULTS: 16 among 25 workers experienced amenorrhea, but the rest of them did not report amenorrhea. In 10 out of the 16 amenorrhea patients, recovery from amenorrhea were seen, but 6 did not recover from amenorrhea. Through ovarian biopsy, it was observed in the amenorrhea patients that mature follicles were lost and only primordial follicles were present. Through HRT, gradual decrease in FSH and increase in E2. in the amenorrhea patients were found. Also, their BMD were decreased, but gradually increased with female hormone replacement therapy. CONCLUSION: The study confirms that the exposure to 2-bromopropane leads to the serious ovarian toxicity and ovarian failure as well. In such case, the failure of ovarian function, which is reversible change, can be recovered after long-term periods. A significant factor which affect ovarian failure and recovery from ovarian function is patient's age. In industrial environment, physical and psychological damage due to the use of and exposure to chemical materials will likely increase. Hence, more studies of industrial materials used in working conditions are needed.
Amenorrhea ; Biopsy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Hormone Replacement Therapy ; Humans ; Menopause, Premature ; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency

OBJECTIVETo observe clinical therapeutic effect of catgut implantation at Shu- and Mu-acupoints of liver, spleen and kidney on premature ovarian failure.

METHODSOne hundred and thirty-two cases of premature ovarian failure were randomly divided into a catgut implantation group and a medication group, 66 cases in each group. The catgut implantation group were treated by catgut implantation at She- and Mu-acupoints of liver, spleen and kidney, and the medication group were treated with oral administration of Estradiol Valerate 2 mg, qd, for 20 days, and 10 days later, Medroxyprogesterone Acetate 4 mg was added, b. i. d, for 10 days, averaging 6 months of medication. The therapeutic effects and changes of serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol (E2) were observed in the two groups.

RESULTSAfter treatment, serum FSH and E2 significantly improved in the two groups (P<0.01), with the serum E2 in the catgut implantation group increased more significantly than that in the medication group (P<0.01). The cured rate and the total effective rate were 84.9% and 97.0% in the catgut implantation group and 31.8% and 84.8% in the medication group, the cured rate in the catgut implantation group being better than that in the medication group (P<0.05). Ten month later, the therapeutic effect in the catgut implantation group was kept.

CONCLUSIONCatgut implantation at Shu- and Me-acupoints of liver, spleen and kidney has a good therapeutic effect on premature ovarian failure with no side effect.

Acupuncture Points ; Adult ; Catgut ; Estradiol ; blood ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; blood ; Humans ; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo explore the protective effect and possible mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment at "Zhongliao" (BL 33) and "Tianshu" (ST 25) on ovarian in rats with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI).

METHODSA total of 32 SD female rats with regular estrus were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, an EA group and an immobilization group, 8 rats in each one. The rats in the model group, EA group and immobilization group were treated with intraperitoneal injection of 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (160 mg/kg) for 15 days to establish the model. From the beginning of model establishment, the rats in the EA group were treated with EA pretreatment at "Zhongliao" (BL 33) and "Tianshu" (ST 25), once a day for the first two weeks (5 treatments per week) and once every two days for the last two weeks (3 treatments per week). EA was given 20 min per treatment for four weeks. The rats in the immobilization group were treated with immobilization with identical duration, frequency and total amount as the EA group. No treatment was given in the blank group and model group. When model was successfully established in the model group, rats were sacrificed to test the weight of sexual gland and the sexual gland index; the ELISA method was applied to test the level of anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin B; the radioimmunoassay method was applied to test the level of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E), progesterone (P) and testosterone (T). In addition, the morphology and the number of ovarian follicles were observed; and western blot method was applied to test the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) in ovarian tissue.

RESULTSCompared with the blank group, the bilateral ovary weight, ovary index, uterus weight and uterus index decreased (<0.05, <0.01); serum AMH, inhibin B, E and P reduced, while serum FSH, LH and T increased in the model group (all <0.01); primordial follicles and primary follicles decreased, while atretic follicles increased in the model group (all <0.01); the expression of Bax protein increased, while the expression of Bcl-2 protein decreased in the model group (both <0.01). Compared with the model group, the bilateral ovary weight, ovary index and uterus weight increased (<0.05, <0.01); serum AMH, inhibin B, E and P increased, while serum FSH and LH reduced (<0.05, <0.01); primordial follicles and primary follicles increased, while atretic follicles reduced (<0.05, <0.01); the expression of Bax protein reduced, while the expression of Bcl-2 protein increased in the EA group (<0.05, <0.01). The differences of each outcome indexes were not significant between the model group and immobilization group (all >0.05).

CONCLUSIONEA pretreatment at "Zhongliao" (BL 33) and Tianshu (ST 25) for 4 weeks has certain protective effect on ovarian in POI rats, which is likely to be related with up-regulating ovarian granular cells, inhabiting the expression of Bcl-2 protein and down-regulating the expression of Bax protein.

Acupuncture Points ; Animals ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency ; therapy ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley