Background: The lip trill is a semi-occluded vocal tract exercise found to have positive outcomes on vocal parameters of healthy individuals after a single session. However, the effect of several lip trill sessions has not been studied. Objective: This study investigated the effect of a 3- to 4-week lip trill exercise program on Maximum Phonation Time (MPT), Maximum Phonation Frequency Range (MPFR), Harmonics-to-Noise Ratio (HNR), and mean Speaking Fundamental Frequency (mean SFF). Methods: Three vocally untrained healthy females with perceptually normal voices participated in a multiple-baseline, single-case experimental research. Five to seven direct training sessions were randomly assigned. Self-implementation was encouraged thereafter. Participants were assessed on all outcome measures for 15 sessions. Data were visualized and inspected. Cohen’s d was also derived using Standardized Mean Difference for single-subject research. Results: Visual and statistical analyses revealed a decreased MPT when training was introduced, increased MPFR variability during the training phase, and increased stability in mean SFF post-training. Perceived effects include vocal freedom, decreased laryngeal stress, and vocal conditioning. Vocal outcomes in one participant yielded a significant effect on MPFR and mean SFF and a small effect on HNR. Conclusion There is evidence of lip trill effect on pitch control and vocal conditioning. Findings also revealed that motivation, exercise frequency, and adherence could contribute to positive gains in vocally healthy speakers. Further investigation in consideration of the study findings and limitations is warranted.
prevention

No abstract available.
Primary Prevention*

This paper proposes a conceptual model for establishing a new approach to improvise anti-smoking strategies. The Tobacco Control programme under the World Health Organization (WHO) has established MPOWER measures to be applied globally. Although numerous approaches have been implemented, there is a knowledge gap pertaining to the positive impact of these strategies. Therefore, analyzing current approaches and establishing new strategies will be beneficial for the tobacco control movement. The proposed model has been adapted from the Medical Research Council (MRC), United Kingdom framework for complex interventions which can be used as reference for researchers to develop a new initiative or strategy for tobacco control. This proposed model incorporates three phases, which are (i) Phase 1: To identify factors influencing stop smoking desires and their successfulness among “specific location” population, (ii) Phase 2: To analyse available smoking cessation strategies globally using systematic review, and (iii) Phase 3: To develop new potential tools/products/guidelines for anti-smoking promotions based on Phase 1 and 2. The novelty of this concept in developing anti-smoking strategies is the incorporation of local needs in Phase 1. This research may contribute significantly to stop or quit smoking behavior among Malaysians. At the end of this study, researchers will be able to recommend new and/or adapted tools/products/guidelines based on the framework discussed. Also, government regulations regarding cigarettes should be properly reviewed in order to achieve more significant results whilst minimizing expenses for anti-smoking campaigns.
Smoking Prevention

Atrial Fibrillation ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Primary Prevention

No abstract available.
Cardiovascular Diseases* ; Primary Prevention*

Humans ; Silicosis ; prevention & control

No abstract available.
Coronary Disease* ; Secondary Prevention*

Pulmonary dust (mainly silicosis) is a serious occupational disease not only severely influences people health but also cause the death. The silicosis prevention and control is not only responsibility of health sectors but also general responsibility of society. In order to strengthen the silicosis prevention and control, treatment of nursing, it should have combination of intersectors and general community to implement uniform and effective solutions proposed
Silicosis ; Prevention & control

This paper introduced some epidemiological features of suicide, the risk factors of commit suicide such as mental disorder, personality disorder, physical lesion and social and environmental factors. This paper also introduced the strategy for prevention and control of commit suicide to reduce the morbidity and mortality rate of suicide.
Suicide ; Prevention & control

A study on 2 areas with high risks: Son Tinh district (Quang Ngai province) and Ninh Thuan province showed that: children had vaccinated of neonatal tetanus prevention in Son Tinh district and Ninh Thuan province were 89,27% and 84,29% respectively. Children without tetanus vaccination were 10,73% and 15,7% respectively. Among them, their mothers had not vaccinated or only vaccinated one dose was 69,7%, the rest vaccinated lately or out of the protective time.
Tetanus ; Prevention & control