No abstract available.
Presbyopia*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the objective amplitude of accommodation in various age groups using an autorefractometer and to compare the results with subjective assessments on accommodation. Objective accommodative amplitude of artificial lenses in post-operative cataract patients was also measured. METHODS: In this study, 41 patients who visited Korea University Guro Hospital from July through August 2014 were categorized into 6 different age groups. Accommodative amplitude was measured using long-distance refraction at 5 m and short-distance refraction at 20 cm. In 20 patients, subjective amplitude of accommodation was measured using the minus lens technique and was compared with the measured objective accommodative amplitude. Accommodative amplitude was also measured in 8 patients who received cataract surgery. RESULTS: The mean accommodative ability in normal people was 2.38 D. The age groups of 10-19, 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, and over 60 years showed accommodative amplitudes of 3.31 +/- 0.99 D, 3.25 +/- 0.34 D, 3.78 +/- 0.68 D, 1.00 +/- 0.60 D, 0.22 +/- 0.23 D, 0.00 +/- 0.00 D, respectively. The results showed a rapid decrease in accommodative ability of patients older than 40 years and demonstrated a correlation between objective and subjective amplitude of accommodation (Pearson's correlation coefficient 0.838). There was a significant difference between objective and subjective accommodative amplitudes in artificial lenses (p = 0.015), with average objective and subjective measures of 0.10 +/- 0.23 D and 0.59 +/- 0.35 D, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Measuring amplitude of accommodation using an autorefractometer can be useful in assessing results of presbyopia treatment.
Cataract ; Humans ; Korea ; Presbyopia

At the Central Hospital of Ophtalmology from the year 2000 to 2002, 52 patients aged from 3-15 years (29 males, 23 females) suffered from hypermetropy were investigated. Results showed that: this conditions occurred mainly at school age with the same incidence for male and female and the most occurred in both two eyes – among them 2/3 lost the vision of 2 eyes. The procedure of stopping the view of normal eye is a efficacy treatment, good results reached within 3 months.
Diagnosis ; Presbyopia ; Therapeutics ; Eye

New Korean near vision chart was designed by the author and presented. As for the test types, photographically reduced optotypes of the Korean Test Chart for distance, published in Sep. 1964, and sentences in Korean letters similar to the Jaeger's near vision test types were employed in this chart, and the units of vision ranged from 0.1 to 1.2. On the back of the chart, a Landolt's ring for O.1; test objects in Korean sentences, solid and dotted lines for determination of the near point distance of accommodation; astigmatic dial; figure showing the structure of the eyeball; table of the amplitude and near point distance of accommodation in different ages ranging from 10 to 70, and suitable diopters of the glasses for reading in presbyopia with normal refraction were printed. The author stressed the importance of vision test for Dear and necessity of the near vision chart.
Eyeglasses ; Glass ; Presbyopia ; Vision Tests

Orthokeratology is the way to correct the myopia or astigmatism by flattening or the central cornea with specialty lenses. The range of correction is from − 2.50 to − 4.00 diopters after 10 days of fitting. The designs is constructed with flat base curve radius, steep reverse curve, flat alignment curve, and peripheral curve. This multi-cuve design enabled the orthokeratology lenses to stay on the cornea stably and effectively. Recently, the application of orthokeratology is extending to hyperopia and presbyopia. In the future, the amount of correction and the application of orthokeratology will increase more and more.
Astigmatism ; Cornea ; Hyperopia ; Myopia ; Presbyopia ; Prescriptions* ; Radius

PURPOSE: To evaluate clinical effects of laser thermal keratoplasty (LTK), LTK was performed in patients with presbyopia or hyperopia. METHODS: LTK was performed in 38 patients who was older than 45 between May and December 2001. Preoperative contact lens fitting and wearing for patients to experience the monovision was tried in all patients for one week. With LTK, we intended patients used dominant eyes for distance vision and nondominant eyes for near vision. Patients' satisfaction, refractive change and near visual acuity were evaluated for least 3 months after surgery. RESULTS: The mean improvement of near vision was 5.16 lines by test with Korean near vision chart. 79% (30 of 38) of patients were satisfied with the results of LTK. CONCLUSIONS: Monovision with LTK is thought to be a good option in patients with presbyopia.
Corneal Transplantation* ; Humans ; Hyperopia ; Presbyopia ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: Reading speed is one of the methods used to measure near visual function. Although several versions of reading charts in different languages have been introduced, there is no Korean version of the reading chart yet. Therefore, we investigated the reading speed of normal-sighted Korean people using a recently developed reading speed application for the iPad tablet in Korea. METHODS: Normal-sighted participants without presbyopia were included and a third generation retina display iPad was used to measure reading speed. The iPad screen was set to maximum brightness and the examination was performed at a distance of 40 cm. Reading speeds were recorded twice: one for reading the sentence silently (reading only) and one for reading the sentence out loud (reading & speaking). RESULTS: The test sentences used in the application had 18.9 ± 2.6 letters and 6.5 ± 0.7 words on average. Twenty-five males and seventeen females were included. The average of the reading only speed was 202.3 ± 88.4 words per minute (WPM), and that of the reading & speaking speed was 129.7 ± 25.9 WPM, showing a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This Korean reading chart application is the first self-reporting reading chart in Korean. This chart could present a new standard for measuring both reading only and reading & speaking speeds.
Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Pilot Projects* ; Presbyopia ; Retina

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and satisfaction of patients who underwent LASIK for presbyopia correction in myopic patients using aspheric micro-monovision. METHODS: LASIK for presbyopic correction using aspheric micro-monovision was performed in 18 patients between December 2010 and December 2011. Distance, intermediate, and near visual acuity, refractive change, and patient's satisfaction were evaluated for at least 12 months after the surgery. RESULTS: Among dominant eyes, 100% achieved uncorrected distance and intermediate visual acuity of 0.8 or better and 100% of the eyes achieved 0.8 or better binocularly. In the non-dominant eyes, 83% achieved uncorrected near visual acuity of J3 or better, and 94% of the eyes achieved J3 or better binocularly. Postoperatively, the mean manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE) of the dominant eyes were -0.09 +/- 0.35D, -0.17 +/- 0.42D, and -0.17 +/- 0.47D at 1, 6 and 12 months, respectively. The MRSE of the non-dominant eyes were -0.94 +/- 0.53D, -1.03 +/- 0.56D, and -1.02 +/- 0.50D at postoperative 1, 6, and 12 months, respectively, without significant regression. After surgery, the patient's overall satisfaction score was good (4.2 out of 5). CONCLUSIONS: The aspheric micro-monovision protocol showed good distance, intermediate, and near visual outcomes, and was a well-tolerated, stable, and effective procedure for treating patients with myopic presbyopia.
Humans ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ* ; Myopia ; Presbyopia* ; Visual Acuity

Presbyopia is an aging eye. All parts of our body may lose their function with aging. The representative aging diseases in the field of ophthalmology are cataract and macular degeneration. Presbyopia is also a natural aging phenomenon that people has difficulty in focusing on near subject. There is a structure called lens in our eye and the function of lens is a refraction of lignt. Lens helps us focusing an object that we want to see with changing its thickness. When we try to focus on near subjects, ciliary muscle contracts to release the lens zonule and the lens becomes thicker. When we try to see far subjects, ciliary muscle relaxes and lens becomes thinner. These changes of lens thickness occurs very fast in young people, but with aging, the speed of changing the thickness of lens becomes slow. Finally, aged people can't change the lens thickness and can't focus on near subject without the help of near glasses and so on. In this case, we call it presbyopia.
Aging ; Cataract ; Eyeglasses ; Glass ; Macular Degeneration ; Ophthalmology ; Presbyopia

PURPOSE: To report glare disability measured by a glaremeter. METHODS: Glaremeter values were measured in 270 normal eyes and 100 pseudophakic eyes. The normal eyes were classified into 3 age groups (teenage to 60's) with 90 eyes in each group. The pseudophakic eyes were classified into the monofocal IOL (intraocular lens) and multifocal IOL implanted groups with 50 eyes in each group. Glaremeter values of each group were measured using a glaremeter under photopic (82.2 +/- 5.1 cd/m2) and mesopic (5.5 +/- 0.3 cd/m2) conditions. RESULTS: The highest mean glaremeter value in the normal eyes was 8657.34 +/- 691.04 mm2 under the photopic condition and 8837.97 +/- 805.83 mm2 under the mesopic condition in the oldest group. The glaremeter value of the multifocal IOL implanted group was 9390.87 +/- 846.7 mm2 under the photopic condition and 9799.87 +/- 823.72 mm2 under the mesopic condition, which was significantly higher than the normal eye and the monofocal IOL implanted groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In the normal population, the mean glaremeter values were increased according to age, and a significant increase was observed in the multifocal IOL implanted group. The present study results provide good basic data for cataract and presbyopia refractive surgery predicted to produce glare disability inevitably.
Aging ; Cataract ; Eye ; Glare ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Presbyopia ; Refractive Surgical Procedures