1.Change of Serotonin Concentraions in Rat Medial Preoptic Area of Hypothalmus by Clomipramine and Various Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors.
Yun Seob SONG ; Min Eui KIM ; Young Ho PARK ; Hyung Gun KIM
Korean Journal of Urology 2000;41(5):659-666
No abstract available.
Animals
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Clomipramine*
;
Preoptic Area*
;
Rats*
;
Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors*
;
Serotonin*
2.Estrogen Receptor-A in Medial Preoptic Area Contributes to Sex Difference of Mice in Response to Sevoflurane Anesthesia.
Yunyun ZHANG ; Huiming LI ; Xinxin ZHANG ; Sa WANG ; Dan WANG ; Jiajia WANG ; Tingting TONG ; Zhen ZHANG ; Qianzi YANG ; Hailong DONG
Neuroscience Bulletin 2022;38(7):703-719
A growing number of studies have identified sex differences in response to general anesthesia; however, the underlying neural mechanisms are unclear. The medial preoptic area (MPA), an important sexually dimorphic structure and a critical hub for regulating consciousness transition, is enriched with estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), particularly in neuronal clusters that participate in regulating sleep. We found that male mice were more sensitive to sevoflurane. Pharmacological inhibition of ERα in the MPA abolished the sex differences in sevoflurane anesthesia, in particular by extending the induction time and facilitating emergence in males but not in females. Suppression of ERα in vitro inhibited GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons of the MPA in males but not in females. Furthermore, ERα knockdown in GABAergic neurons of the male MPA was sufficient to eliminate sex differences during sevoflurane anesthesia. Collectively, MPA ERα positively regulates the activity of MPA GABAergic neurons in males but not in females, which contributes to the sex difference of mice in sevoflurane anesthesia.
Anesthesia
;
Animals
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Estrogen Receptor alpha/metabolism*
;
Female
;
Male
;
Mice
;
Preoptic Area
;
Sevoflurane/pharmacology*
;
Sex Characteristics
3.Sedative Effect of Sophora flavescens and Matrine.
Hyun ju LEE ; Sun young LEE ; Daehyuk JANG ; Sun Yong CHUNG ; Insop SHIM
Biomolecules & Therapeutics 2017;25(4):390-395
The present study investigated the sedative effects of Sophora flavescens (SF) and its bioactive compound, matrine through performing locomotor activity test and the electroencephalography (EEG) analysis in the rat. The underlying neural mechanism of their beneficial effects was determined by assessing c-Fos immunoreactivity and serotonin (5-HT) in the brain utilizing immunohistochemical method and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that SF and matrine administration had an effect on normalization of caffeine-induced hyperactivity and promoting a shift toward non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. c-Fos-immunoreactivity and 5-HT level in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO), a sleep promoting region, were increased in the both SF and matrine-injected groups. In conclusion, SF and its bioactive compound, matrine alleviated caffeine-induced hyperactivity and promoted NREM sleep by activating VLPO neurons and modulating serotonergic transmission. It is suggested that SF might be a useful natural alternatives for hypnotic medicine.
Animals
;
Brain
;
Electroencephalography
;
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
;
Eye Movements
;
Hypnotics and Sedatives*
;
Methods
;
Motor Activity
;
Neurons
;
Preoptic Area
;
Rats
;
Serotonin
;
Sophora*
4.Sedative Effect of Sophora flavescens and Matrine.
Hyun ju LEE ; Sun young LEE ; Daehyuk JANG ; Sun Yong CHUNG ; Insop SHIM
Biomolecules & Therapeutics 2017;25(4):390-395
The present study investigated the sedative effects of Sophora flavescens (SF) and its bioactive compound, matrine through performing locomotor activity test and the electroencephalography (EEG) analysis in the rat. The underlying neural mechanism of their beneficial effects was determined by assessing c-Fos immunoreactivity and serotonin (5-HT) in the brain utilizing immunohistochemical method and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that SF and matrine administration had an effect on normalization of caffeine-induced hyperactivity and promoting a shift toward non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. c-Fos-immunoreactivity and 5-HT level in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO), a sleep promoting region, were increased in the both SF and matrine-injected groups. In conclusion, SF and its bioactive compound, matrine alleviated caffeine-induced hyperactivity and promoted NREM sleep by activating VLPO neurons and modulating serotonergic transmission. It is suggested that SF might be a useful natural alternatives for hypnotic medicine.
Animals
;
Brain
;
Electroencephalography
;
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
;
Eye Movements
;
Hypnotics and Sedatives*
;
Methods
;
Motor Activity
;
Neurons
;
Preoptic Area
;
Rats
;
Serotonin
;
Sophora*
5.The Effects of Gonadectomy and Prenatal Testosterone Injection on Galanin Immunoreactive Cells in the Medial Preoptic Area of Rats.
Korean Journal of Anatomy 1997;30(3):259-268
Within the medial preoptic area[MPOA], several cytoarchitectonically defined cell groups are sexually dimorphic in their morphology. Specially, the sexual dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area[SDN-POA] is reported an example of a morphological sex difference in the rat hypothalamus which is influenced by gonadal steroid hormones. Thus, we detemined the distribution of Galanin-immunoreactive[Gal-I] cells and fibers within MPOA and their morphological response to gonadal steroids which is influenced by gonadectomy or prenatal restosterone treatments were observed. The Gal-I cells were appeared within the medial preoptic area. In the males, the volume and number of Gal-I nerve cell bodies were greater than that of females. But the female which treated prenatal testosterone injection had many Gal-I neurons than infact female. And the males that decreased the volume of gonadal hormone by gonadectomy were decreased the volume and number of Gal-I neurons than that of normal males. These results suggest that galaninergic cells within the medial preoptic area are influenced by gonadal steroid hormone[testosterone] in the regulation of sexually dimorphic function.
Animals
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Female
;
Galanin*
;
Gonadal Steroid Hormones
;
Gonads
;
Humans
;
Hypothalamus
;
Immunohistochemistry
;
Male
;
Neurons
;
Preoptic Area*
;
Rats*
;
Sex Characteristics
;
Steroids
;
Testosterone*
6.Comparative effects on secretion of LH, FSH, prolactin, and testosterone by chronic and direct hypothalamic administration of nonylphenol to adult male rats.
Kun Suk PARK ; Won Cheoul JANG ; Mee Kyung KIM ; Hyung Gun KIM
The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 1999;3(2):215-222
Nonylphenol (NP) is a widespread environmental pollutant that has been shown to exert both toxic and estrogenic effects on mammalian cells. As the effects of NP on the reproductive system of adult male vertebrates are virtually unknown, we investigated not only the changes of reproductive hormone secretion in serum after chronic exposure to NP but also, in order to identify the site of its action, the reproductive hormone secretion in serum 48 hours after microinfusion of NP within hypothalamic preoptic area (POA). In the chronic exposure, the luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone in serum were decreased but prolactin (PRL) concentrations were increased. The LH, FSH, and testosterone in serum were decreased through the direct infusion of NP into POA, while there was no difference in mean serum prolactin between NP and control groups. These observations suggest that NP as endocrine disruptor has modulatory effects on hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadalaxis and that the site of action of NP could be hypothalamic POA.
Adult*
;
Animals
;
Estrogens
;
Ethanol
;
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
;
Humans
;
Luteinizing Hormone
;
Male*
;
Poa
;
Preoptic Area
;
Prolactin*
;
Rats*
;
Testosterone*
;
Vertebrates
7.Neuroanatomy of Sleep-Wake Regulation and its Application to Pharmacotherapy.
Korean Journal of Psychopharmacology 2007;18(3):133-142
A current hypothesis of sleep-wake regulation proposes that the sleep process starts with the activation of sleep-promoting neurons located in the preoptic area of the anterior hypothalamus. This activation leads to the inhibition of wake-promoting neurons located in the posterior hypothalamus, basal forebrain, and mesopontine tegmentum, which, in turn removes inhibition from the sleep-promoting structures(i.e., disinhibition) to initiate the sleep process. Mutual inhibition between these wake- and sleep-promoting neurons results in switching properties that define discrete wakeful and sleep states with sharp transitions between them. Wake-promoting nuclei include the orexinergic lateral hypothalamic/perifornical area, the histaminergic tuberomammillary nucleus, the cholinergic pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus, the noradrenergic locus coeruleus, the 5-hydroxytryptaminergic raphe nuclei, and possibly the dopaminergic ventral tegmental area. The major sleep-promoting nucleus is the GABAergic ventrolateral preoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus. The regulation of sleep is classically viewed as the dual interaction of circadian(SCN-based) and homeostatic processes, and the propensity to be asleep or awake at any given time is a consequence of a sleep debt and its interaction with signals from the SCN circadian clock. To better understand the mechanisms of sleep and wakefulness, the focus of pharmacotherapy is on targeting specific therapies to the particular defect in sleep-wake regulation.
Circadian Clocks
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Circadian Rhythm
;
Drug Therapy*
;
Hypothalamic Area, Lateral
;
Hypothalamus
;
Hypothalamus, Anterior
;
Hypothalamus, Posterior
;
Locus Coeruleus
;
Neuroanatomy*
;
Neurons
;
Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus
;
Preoptic Area
;
Prosencephalon
;
Raphe Nuclei
;
Sleep Wake Disorders
;
Ventral Tegmental Area
;
Wakefulness
8.A case of fever of unknown origin after removal of hypothalamic tumor.
Jeong Ho PARK ; Ho Sung YU ; Jeom Seok GO ; Woo Gyun BAE ; Jung SHIN ; Sei Jong KIM ; Dong Hyeon SHIN
Korean Journal of Medicine 2003;65(Suppl 3):S894-S897
The preoptic area and anterior hypothalamus plays a pivotal role in body temperature regulation, and damage in this region causes hyperthermia. This hyperthermia is particularly troublesome because of the possibility that it may reflect an occult infectious process. We report a case of fever of unknown origin in a patient after removal of neoplasm involving the hypothalamus. A 29-year old man underwent craniotomy and removal of hypothalamic choroid meningioma. Seventy days after the removal of his tumor, his body temperature began to rise. But, there was no evidence of infection, inflammatory disease, metabolic disease, drug fever and recurred tumor. Repeated administration of antipyretic agent did not reduce body temperature. So, we considered that the elevated temperature had a central basis. The patient was treated with chlorpromazine in an attempt to lower his temperature. This drug reduced successfully his body temperature.
Adult
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Body Temperature
;
Body Temperature Regulation
;
Chlorpromazine
;
Choroid
;
Craniotomy
;
Fever of Unknown Origin*
;
Fever*
;
Humans
;
Hypothalamic Neoplasms*
;
Hypothalamus
;
Hypothalamus, Anterior
;
Meningioma
;
Metabolic Diseases
;
Preoptic Area
9.Dopaminergic Neurons in the Diencephalon of Striped Field MouseApodemus agrarius coreae.
Young Gil JUNG ; Nam Sub LEE ; Sung Hee MIN ; Moo Gang KIM
Korean Journal of Anatomy 1997;30(6):609-622
The distributions and morphological characteristics of neurons displaying immunoreactivity to the catecholamine synthetic enzymes, tyrosine hydroxylase[TH], dopamine-beta-hydroxylase[DBH], and phenyletha-nolamine-N-methyltransferase[PNMT] were examined in the adjacent sections of the diencephalon of the striped field mouse [Apodemus agrarius coreae].Only TH-, and no DBH- or PNMT-immunoreactive neurons were found in the diencephalon. In the preoptic area, TH-immunoreactive neurons were found in the anterior preoptic nucleus of Loo[APN], periventricular preoptic nucleus, medial preoptic nucleus, lateral preoptic nucleus and suprachiasmatic nucleus. In the hypothalamus, TH-immunoreactive neurons were found in theparaventricular hypothalamic nucleus, periventricular gray, retrochiasmatic area,anterior hypothalamic nucleus of anterior hypothalamic area and retrochiasmatic region of the hypothalamus. In the rostral tuberal region of the hypothalamus, TH-immunoreactive neurons were found in the paraventricular nucleus, periventricular gray and arcuate nucleus. In the midtuberal region of the hypothalamus, TH-immunoreactive neurons were found in the paraventricular nucleus, dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, zona incerta and arcuate nucleus. In the caudal tuberal region of the hypothalamus, dorsal hypothalamic nucleus, posterior hypothalamic complex and arcuate nucleus.
Animals
;
Anterior Hypothalamic Nucleus
;
Arcuate Nucleus
;
Diencephalon*
;
Dopaminergic Neurons*
;
Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus
;
Hypothalamus
;
Immunohistochemistry
;
Mice
;
Neurons
;
Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus
;
Preoptic Area
;
Subthalamus
;
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
;
Tyrosine