PURPOSE: This study was aimed to identify the effect of self-foot reflexology on the relief of premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea in high school girls. METHOD: Study subjects was 236 women residing in the community, teachers and nurses who were older than 45 were recruited. Data was collected with self administered questionnaires from July 1st to August 31st, 2003 and analysed using SPSS/WIN 10.0 with Xtest, t-test, and stepwise multiple logistic regression at a significant level of =.05. RESULT: The breast cancer screening rate was 57.2%, and repeat screening rate was 15.3%. With the multiple logistic regression analysis, factors associated with mammography screening were age and perceived barriers of action, and factors related to the repeat mammography screening were education level and other cancer screening experience. CONCLUSION: Based on the results, we recommend the development of an intervention program to decrease the perceived barrier of action, to regard mammography as an essential test in regular check-up, and to giveactive advertisement and education to the public to improve the rates of breast cancer screening and repeat screening.
Adolescent ; Dysmenorrhea/*therapy ; Female ; *Foot ; Humans ; *Massage ; Premenstrual Syndrome/*therapy

PURPOSE: This study was aimed to identify the effect of self-foot reflexology on the relief of premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea in high school girls. METHOD: Study subjects was 236 women residing in the community, teachers and nurses who were older than 45 were recruited. Data was collected with self administered questionnaires from July 1st to August 31st, 2003 and analysed using SPSS/WIN 10.0 with Xtest, t-test, and stepwise multiple logistic regression at a significant level of =.05. RESULT: The breast cancer screening rate was 57.2%, and repeat screening rate was 15.3%. With the multiple logistic regression analysis, factors associated with mammography screening were age and perceived barriers of action, and factors related to the repeat mammography screening were education level and other cancer screening experience. CONCLUSION: Based on the results, we recommend the development of an intervention program to decrease the perceived barrier of action, to regard mammography as an essential test in regular check-up, and to giveactive advertisement and education to the public to improve the rates of breast cancer screening and repeat screening.
Adolescent ; Dysmenorrhea/*therapy ; Female ; *Foot ; Humans ; *Massage ; Premenstrual Syndrome/*therapy

OBJECTIVES: The cognitive model has been suggested to explain the pathogenesis of premenstrual syndrome. In this model, it is suggested that negative cognitive style may contribute to the experience of severe premenstrual symptoms. We conducted this study to examine the relationship among cognitive style, perceived stress, and premenstrual symptoms. METHOD: Eighty six reproductive aged women older than 18 years were included in this study, to complete the Premenstrual Assessment form, Korean version of automatic thoughts Ques-tionnaire-Positive, Korean version of Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire-Negative, Korean version of Dysfunctional Attitude Scale, Perceived Stress Questionnaire. Among the subjects, twenty one were diagnosed to have a premenstrual dysphoric disorder which was determined by prospective assessment for two months. The relationships among the variables were analyzed by examining Pearson correlation coefficiency. REULTS: In the subjects without premenstrual dysphoric disorder, there exist significant correlation between the premenstrual symptom and the score of Korean-version of automatic thoughts Questionnaire-Negative(r=.36, p<.01). In the subjects with premenstrual dysphoric disorder, premenstrual symptoms had significant correlation to automatic thoughts Questionnaire-Negative(r=.65, p<.01) and Perceived Stress Questionnaire(r=.52, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Our findings show the significant relationship between negative cognitive style and premenstrual symptoms. This relationship was more prominent in the subjects with premenstrual dysphoric disorder compared to ones without it. Our findings suggest that cognitive style and stress perception may influence on the severity of symptoms of premenstrual syndrome or premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and that cognitive behavior therapy is a possible effective therapeutic strategy for those with severe premenstrual symptoms.
Cognitive Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Premenstrual Syndrome ; Prospective Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo compare clinical therapeutic effects of acupoint-injection combined with body acupuncture and medication on premenstrual tension syndrome, and probe to the best therapy for this disease.

METHODSOne hundred and two cases were randomly divided into an acupoint-injection plus body acupuncture group (treatment group) and a medication group (control group). The treatment group were treated with injection of Huangqi Injection into Zusanli (ST 36), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), and acupuncture at Hegu (LI 4), Taichong (LR 3), Guanyuan (CV 4), Qihai (CV 6), Taiyang (EX-HN5), Fengchi (GB 20) 10 days before menstruation, once every three days; the control group were treated by oral administration of diazepam and oryzanol at routine dose 10 days before menstruation until stopping of menstrual. Their therapeutic effects were compared after treatment for 3 menstrual cycles.

RESULTSThe total effective rate was 92.6% in the treatment group and 75.0% in the control group with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe clinical therapeutic effect of the acupoint-injection combined with body acupuncture is better than that of the medication on premenstrual tension syndrome.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Humans ; Injections ; Mental Disorders ; Premenstrual Syndrome

Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Premenstrual Syndrome ; etiology ; physiopathology ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo compare clinical therapeutic effects of acupoint catgut embedding therapy and medicine on premenstrual syndrome, so as to search for the best method for this disease.

METHODSEighty-eight cases were randomly divided into a catgut embedding group and a medication group. The catgut embedding group were treated with main points, Neiguan (PC 6), Sanyinjiso (SP 6), Danzhong (CV 17), Guanyuan (CV 4), Taichong (LR 3), and aduvant points, Back-shu, and the medicine group with oral administration of fluoxetine. After treatment of 3 months, their therapeutic effects were compared.

RESULTSThe therapeutic effect of the catgut embedding group was better than that of the medication group with a very statistically significant difference (P < 0.005).

CONCLUSIONAcupoint catgut embedding is a better therapy for premenstrual syndrome.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Catgut ; Female ; Humans ; Premenstrual Syndrome ; therapy

Premenstrual syndrome(PMS) refers to a group of menstruation-related symptoms that impair daily activity and interpersonal relationship. The therapeutic modality for PMS consists of non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic treatment. Generally, after confirmation of PMS, a set of non-pharmacologic treatments is recommended before pharmacologic treatment. Patients can be benefited from non-pharmacological treatments such as patient education, cognitive therapy, behavioral therapy, and dietary supplementation. Pharmacologic therapy including psychotropic agents, diuretics, and prostaglandin inhibitors may be used, when PMS symptoms are not sufficiently improved after non-pharmacologic treatments, or when symptoms fit the diagnostic criteria of premenstrual dysphoric disorder(PMDD). When treatment fails, hormonal therapy to manipulate menstrual cycle may be considered, and several trials showed improvement of physical and mood symptoms.
Cognitive Therapy ; Dietary Supplements ; Diuretics ; Female ; Humans ; Menstrual Cycle ; Patient Education as Topic ; Premenstrual Syndrome* ; Prostaglandin Antagonists

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of a curcumin supplementation on cognitive abilities in women suffering from premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and dysmenorrhea. METHODS: A randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted from December 2019 to March 2020. A total of 124 women who had both PMS and dysmenorrhea were enrolled, and were equally and randomly assigned to the curcumin group or placebo group, 62 cases in each. Each subject received either a capsule containing 500 mg of curcuminoid, or a placebo daily, for 10 days (7 days before and until 3 days after the onset of menstrual bleeding) over 3 menstrual cycles. The cognitive abilities questionnaire was used to measures cognitive functions in 7 specific areas. Adverse reactions were monitored during and after the trial in both groups. RESULTS: Administration of curcumin was associated with a significant increase in memory score (P=0.002), inhibitory control and selective attention (P=0.020), and total cognitive ability task (P=0.024). In addition, significant increments were found in scores of memory (3.5±3.1 vs. 0.4±3.8 in the curcumin and placebo groups, respectively; P=0.035), inhibitory control and selective attention (3.0±3.7 vs. 0.4±3.7; P=0.027) and total cognitive abilities (8.3±12.3 vs. 2.2±12.4; P=0.025) in the curcumin group versus placebo groups. Curcumin was safe and well-tolerable in current clinical trial. CONCLUSION Curcumin has a beneficial efficacy on cognitive function scores in women with PMS and dysmenorrhea, with improvements in memory, inhibitory control and selective attention. (Registration No. IRCT20191112045424N1, available at: https://www.irct.ir ).
Humans ; Female ; Curcumin/therapeutic use* ; Dysmenorrhea/drug therapy* ; Premenstrual Syndrome/psychology* ; Cognition ; Double-Blind Method

Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; Adult ; Breast Diseases ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Pain Management ; Premenstrual Syndrome ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo probe into the mechanism of substance-partitioned moxibustion in treatment of primary dysmenorrhea (PD) of cold-damp stagnation type.

METHODSThe treatment group (105 cases of PD) were treated with substance-partitioned moxibustion and the control group (104 cases) were treated with Chinese drug Yueyue-shu. Their therapeutic effects were observed. Plasma beta-endorphin contents in menstrual period were determined before and after treatment in 40 patients of each group.

RESULTSThe total effective rate of 95.2% in the substance partitioned moxibustion group was better than 85.6% in the control group (P < 0.05); after treatment, plasma beta-endorphin content significantly increased in the substance-partitioned moxibustion group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSubstance-partitioned moxibustion has obvious therapeutic effect on primary dysmenorrhea of cold-damp stagnation type, which is carried out possibly through regulating the plasma beta-endorphin content as one of the mechanisms.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cold Temperature ; Dysmenorrhea ; blood ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Menstrual Cycle ; Moxibustion ; Premenstrual Syndrome ; complications ; therapy ; Thermosensing ; beta-Endorphin ; blood