Background: Auricular pressure method is a non-medication method which has been applied for a long time. This method significantly improved the clinical symptoms in premenopausal women. Objectives: to evaluate the effects of auricular pressure method on some hemological and endocrinal indices of the patients with pre-menopausal syndrome. Subjects and methods: 30 patients with menopausal syndrome aged 40- 55 were treated by applying continuously auricular method on Shen men, endocrine, sympathetic nerve points for 30 days. An open-clinical trial was conducted with a comparison of the results before and after treatment. Results: After 30 days of treatment there were no change in hemological indices while serum Estradiol concentration increased to 199,33 \xb1 299,83pnol/l and FSH decreased to 16,33 \xb1 108,70 UL/I compared with those before treatment.The increased levels of estrogen explained partly the improvement of clinical symptoms after treatment. Number of erythrocyte, leukocyte, platelet, haemoglobin, hematocrit did not change. Conclusions: Auricular pressure method produced an influence on the levels of serum Estradiol and FSH. However, it caused no effects on hemological indices in the patients with menopausal syndrome. \r\n', u'\r\n', u'\r\n', u'
Premenopause

Background: Menopause syndrome can occur between the ages of 44 and 55 when menstrual periods have completely stopped for more than 12 months. Objectives: To evaluate the effects of auricular pressure method in the symptoms of menopausal syndrome. Subjects and method: 30 patients at the age of 40 \ufffd?55 years old, suffering from menopausal syndrome, treated by auricular at National Hospital of Traditional Medicine. Pressure method applied on women, sympathetic nerve, endocrine points for 30 days continuously. The method was open-clinical trial with before and after treatment comparison. Results: After 30 days of treatment, the severity of all symptoms had reduced, the difference was to be statistically significant p<0.05. Symptom of hot point had reduced after 30 days of treatment. Mean point reduced from 2.7 \xb1 0.6 to 0.7 \xb1 0.6 point, the difference was to be statistically significant p<0.001. Blatt \ufffd?Kupperman also had reduced after 30 days of treatment. Blatt \ufffd?Kupperman point reduced from 36 \xb1 8.4 to 10.9 \xb1 7.3, the difference was to be statistically significant p<0.001. Stimulation on the auricular points is non-medication method which has been applied for a long time. Clinical syndrome were improved after each therapy course. Good results was 36,7%, moderate were 60% and noresponse 3,3%. Conclusion: Auricular pressure method improved significant the symptom of menopausal syndrome. \r\n', u'\r\n', u'
Premenopause/ physiology

The study was carried out in Hoan Kiem and Soc Son District in Hanoi city. In each area, 160 women were selected and divided into 4 groups: The menopause of 5 years, > 5-10 years, >10 years and group of 25- 39 years. Vein blood were taken for measurement of alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin concentration. Hungry urine was collected was to determine urinary calcium and creatinin levels, calcium/creatinin ratio. The results showed that: - Serum osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase which were biological markers of bone formation significantly increased in menopausal women and then decreased. Urinary calcium level and calcium/creatinin ratio of the Hoan Kiem women were higher than Soc Son ones.
Premenopause ; Women ; Biological Factors ; Bone and bones

PURPOSE: Female gonadal hormones are implicated in the psychopathology of the depression. Menopausal state may affect the response to antidepressant medication but treatment options for menopause have not been investigated extensively. Thus, the authors explored the differences in therapeutic response between pre- and post-menopause female patients with depression by evaluating the efficacy and tolerability of mirtazapine treatment during 4 weeks. METHODS: Seventy-five female patients with depression were included. 46 patients were assigned to postmenopause group or 29 patients to pre-menopause group. Efficacy was assessed with twelve's 7-point scales modified from subscales in HAM-D-17 and with Clinical Global Severity Scale, and tolerability was assessed from adverse events. Mirtazapine was administered at the flexible dose from 7.5 to 30 mg during 4 weeks. RESULTS: The post-menopause group showed significantly more reduction in scores on somatization scale (p=0.029) and shows a decreasing tendency in scores on anxiety/agitation scale (p=0.071). Significant differences between two groups were shown in the proportion of patients classified as responders (50% decreased from baseline) in anxiety/agitation (p=0.031) scale. Even though it is not statistically significant, the post-menopause group showed to be more the proportion of responders compared with the pre-menopause group in and somatization symptoms (p=0.084) scales. The proportion of responders (score <1 or 2) in CGI-S was not significantly different between two groups. CONCLUSION: Somatic symptoms and anxiety/agitation in postmenopause female patients with depression would be more likely susceptible to treatment with mirtazapine. Some symptoms of depressive disorder could differently respond to antidepressant medication between pre- and post-menopause patients, which implicated that optional treatment is required in female patients with depression.
Depression* ; Depressive Disorder ; Female ; Gonadal Hormones ; Humans ; Menopause ; Postmenopause ; Premenopause ; Psychopathology ; Weights and Measures

PURPOSE: This study was to investigate the factors influencing quality of life and difference of quality of life in a postmenopausal group compared to premenopausal women. METHOD: The subjects consisted of 213 women from 40 to 64 years old. The data were collected from June 1, 2003 to June 31, 2004 using structured questionnaires which included questions relating to demographic and obstetric background and 4 scales(climacteric symptoms scale, marital satisfaction scale, sex-role attitude scale, quality of life scale). RESULT: Comparing pre- and postmenopausal women, significant statistical differences were demonstrated in climacteric symptoms and sex-role attitude. However, quality of life was not different between pre- and postmenopausal women. In premenopausal women, marital satisfaction(32.7%) and educational level(8.0%) were significant predictors to explain quality of life. Marital satisfaction(12.9%) was significant predictor to explain quality of life in postmenopausal women. CONCLUSION: No difference of quality in life between pre- and postmenopausal women provides information for changing traditional approaches of menopause according to physiological changes as illness. In addition the study showed that it is necessary to use marital satisfaction information when developing nursing interventions to promote the quality of life.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Postmenopause/*psychology ; Premenopause/*psychology ; *Quality of Life

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the survival, recurrence and prognostic factors of endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS). METHODS: Twenty three patients who had diagnosed with ESS and managed between June 1989 and December 2004 were included. Clinicopathologic characteristics were evaluated including age, parity, menopause, stage, grade, type of surgery, adjuvant therapy, overall survival, disease free survival. RESULTS: The mean age of the group was 44 years. Eighty two percents of patients were premenopause and the most common symptom was vaginal bleeding. Thirteen patients were in stage I and four patients were in stage II and III. Six patients were not able to determine the stage. Eighteen patients were low grade ESS and five patients were high grade. The median overall survival was 179 months and the median disease free survival was 134 months. Disease had recurred in 6 patients and 2 patients died of the disease. Higher tumor grade was associated with lower overall survival (P=0.047) and disease free survival (P=0.035). CONCLUSION: The prognostic factor of ESS is tumor grade.
Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Humans ; Menopause ; Parity ; Premenopause ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Sarcoma, Endometrial Stromal* ; Uterine Hemorrhage

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to address the difference menopausal symptoms according to sasang constitution and menopausal status among perimenopausal women. METHODS: Data for this cross-sectional study was collected by administering questionnaires that elicited general information. The menopause rating scale (MRS) and Questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Classification II (QSCC II) was given to 284 perimenopausal women who met the eligibility criteria and agreed to participate in the study. RESULTS: The study subjects were composed of 27.5% so-yangin, 24.6% so-eumin, 18.7% tae-eumin, and 29.6% undefined category. The total MRS and all subscales were significantly higher for postmenopausal women in comparison to premenopausal women. Especially, so-eumin and tae-eumin displayed significantly higher scores in urogenital symptoms. The MRS score in postmenopausal women who belonged to the group of tae-eumin and so-eumin was significantly higher than those for premenopausal women. However, so-yangin displayed higher scores in psychological and urogenital symptoms than tae-eumin for premenopausal women. So-eumin presented significantly higher scores in urogenital symptoms in comparison to the undefined category for postmenopausal women. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that sasang constitution could be an important factor in understanding the woman's menopausal symptoms and identify the best treatment.
Constitution and Bylaws ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Menopause ; Perimenopause ; Postmenopause ; Premenopause ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVE: To investigate frequency and associated factors of generalized bone loss in patients with premeonpausal early rheumatoid arthritis (RA)who had not been treated with corticosteroid. METHODS: We measured bone mineral density (BMD)of lumbar spine and hip by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA,Hologic QDR 4500)and investigated clinical;age,disease duration,numbers of tender and swollen joint,and laboratory;erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR),C-reactive protein (CRP)and rheumatoid factor (RF),variables in patients with premenopausal early RA who had not been treated with corticosteroid,consecutively.Generalized bone loss was defined as T score less than -1,and clinical and laboratory variables were analyzed for generalized bone loss. RESULTS: In 41 patients with premenopausal early RA (age;38 +/-8 years, duration of disease 8 +/-6 months),the frequency of generalized bone loss in lumbar spine and hip were 35%and 46%.In multivariate logistic regression analysis,elevated CRP level was significantly associated with generalized bone loss in lumbar spine and femur neck. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with premenopausal early RA,elevated CRP level was associated with generalized bone loss of lumbar spine and femur neck.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid* ; Bone Density ; Femur Neck ; Hip ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Premenopause ; Rheumatoid Factor ; Spine

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to determine the relationship between peak bone density and polymorphism of estrogen receptor gene in Korean premenopausal women. METHOD: We amplified Estrogen receptor by polymerase chain reaction and its digestion pattern of Pvu II and Xba I was examined from the 172 women who were in premenopause. The genetic subtype was classified by its digestion pattern and its combination genotype, e.g. PP, Pp, pp, XX, Xx, xx, PPXX, PPXx, PPxx, PpXx, Ppxx, xxpp. Bone mineral density of each genetic subtype were compared. RESULTS: The genotype distribution was as follows: PP; 16.3%, Pp; 45.9%, pp; 37.8%, XX; 1.2%, Xx; 25.0%, xx; 73.8%, PPXX; 1.1%, PPXx; 8.7%, PPxx; 6.4%, PpXx; 16.3%, Ppxx; 29.7%, ppxx; 37.8%. ER gene polymorphism was associated with bone mineral density at forearm bone mineral density (P<0.05) with the xx genotype having the less BMD than Xx genotype. CONCLUSION: Xba I estrogen receptor gene polymorphism is associated with bone mineral density in premenopausal women. Estrogen receptor gene polymorphism may have a modulatory role in bone metabolism in premenopausal women. And it can be used as predictor of forearm peak bone density.
Bone Density* ; Digestion ; Estrogens* ; Female ; Forearm ; Genotype ; Humans ; Metabolism ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Premenopause

OBJECTIVES: To compare the urodynamic characteristics between pre- and post-menopausal women with stress urinary incontinence. METHODS: Forty premenopausal women and 44 postmenopausal women with stress urinary incontinenece were enrolled. All of the patients underwent a detailed history, gynaecologic examination, urinalysis and urodynamics including cystometry and pressure-flow analysis. RESULTS: There was no difference in the body mass index between the two groups. The mean age of pre- and post-menopausal women was 40.9 +/- 6.4 years and 62.1 +/- 9.4 years, respectively. The parity in postmenopausal women was greater than premenopausal women (2.8 +/- 1.2 vs 2.2 +/- 0.8, P = 0.026). The valsalva leak point pressure (VLPP) in postmenopausal women was lower than that in premenopausal women (106.4 +/- 30.3 vs 88.2 +/- 25.1 cmH2O, P = 0.04). The maximal urethral closure pressure (MUCP) in postmenopausal women was lower than premenopausal women (44.9 +/- 21.4 vs 77.4 +/- 32.2 cmH2O, P < 0.001). The functional urethral length (FUL) in postmenopausal women was shorter than it in premenopausal women (29.0 +/- 9.7 vs 37.0 +/- 10.9 mm, P = 0.003). There were no significant statistical differences in maximal flow rate, residual urine, maximal bladder capacity and Q tip test. CONCLUSION: The VLPP and MUCP were lower, and the FUL was shorter in postmenopausal women with stress urinary incontinence than premenopausal women. The parity and number of vaginal deliveries were different between the two groups. Further investigation will be needed concerning these variables.
Body Mass Index ; Female ; Humans ; Parity ; Postmenopause ; Premenopause ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinalysis ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Incontinence ; Urodynamics