No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Premedication*

No abstract available.
Bronchoscopy* ; Humans ; Outpatients* ; Premedication*

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of the combination of Dexmedetomidine (Dex) and Ketamine (Ket) administered via the intranasal (IN) route on sedation of children aged 0 to 12 years old prior to elective surgery or procedural sedation as compared to Intranasal Dexmedetomidine. Methods: Relevant studies were identified after a literature search on electronic databases as PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and Science Direct. Meta-analyses of mean differences were performed to examine differences in sedation onset and recovery times between IN Dex-Ket and IN Dex. Meta-analyses of proportions were performed to estimate the incidence of sedation success, satisfactory sedation at parental separation and mask induction, and incidence of adverse events. Review Manager 5.4.1 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Six articles (388 patients) were included. The overall incidence of sedation success was higher among children premedicated with IN Dex-Ket (RR = 1.05; 95%CI = 0.97,1.13; P = 0.27, I2 = 20%) however was not statistically significant. Children given IN Dex-Ket had faster sedation onset time (WMD = -7.17; 95%CI = -12.44, -1.89; P=0.008) with greater incidence of satisfactory sedation at mask induction (RR = 0.71; 95%CI = 0.53, 0.94; P = 0.02). There was no significant difference as to recovery time and incidence of adverse events among the groups. Conclusion Premedication with IN Dex-Ket is as safe as IN Dex but of better efficacy as evidenced by faster sedation onset time and smoother inhalational induction without increasing clinically relevant adverse events.
Dexmedetomidine ; Ketamine ; Premedication

To identify the changes in professional services pattern after introducing the deligated system of claims review started in 1982, a university hospital under this system was examined. For comparison, claims of the hospital to Federation of Korean Medical Insurance Societies, where this system is not accepted, were reviewed. A total of 600 cases each were studied operated at the Departments of General Surgery & Orthopedic Surgery in 1981 and 1983. The results are summarized as follow: 1. Percentages of hospital changes for basic care was decreased by 10.2% and that for medical service increased by 8.4% in 1983. 2. After the introduction of the deligated review system, percentages of cutting off the claims was decreased by 12.4% for basic care and increased by 3.8% for medical services. 3. Percentage of testing liver function, and the frequency of administering high cost intravenous fluid injection, applicating Robinul as anesthetic premedication were decreased respectively after introducting the deligated services system.
Insurance ; Insurance Claim Review ; Liver ; Orthopedics ; Premedication

There have been many reports stating that halperidol premedication has been used for sefative and antiemetic effects. Therefore we utilized haloperidol as a premedicant for the purpose of obtaining the above effects. Over a period of one year from march 1978 to February 1979, 0.1mg haloperidol per kilogram of body weight was given to 747 patients. The results were as follows. 1)The extrapyramidal symptioms appeared in children, especially in the 10-year old group. 2) Large doses of haloperidol were more likely to cause to extrapyramidal symptoms than smaller doses(over 0.1mg/kg) 3)The effects of haloperidol lasted for a considerable duration of time after administration, (about 24-48 hous).
Antiemetics ; Body Weight ; Child ; Haloperidol* ; Humans ; Premedication*

BACKGROUND: A majority of patients undergoing chemical peeling complain of pain severe enough to disturb the process of the peeling. However, there has been few controlled studies on pain control during chemical peeling. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of pretreatment with intramuscular ketorolac (Tarasyn, 30 mg) and oral diazepam(Valium, 5 mg) in comparison with control and diazepam groups, and compared the sensitivity of pain between two sexes. METHODS: The patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups; control, diazepam, and ketorolac plus diazepam groups. Pain intensity was assessed 5 times at every ten minutes from the beginning of the peeling using visual analog scale(VAS). RESULTS: At every 10 minutes of pain assessment, ketorolac plus diazepam group recorded the lowest VAS among the three groups. Except at the first 10 minutes, nificant. There was no significant difference in the pain intensity between the sexes at all five times. After application of Jessner`s solution, there was significant increase of VAS in all groups. CONCLUSION: The ketorolac pretreatment is a safe and effective modality of pain relief prior to chemical peeling without the adverse reactions.
Diazepam ; Humans ; Ketorolac* ; Pain Measurement ; Premedication*

With with use of Tono-pen, we investigated the degree of reduction in intraocular pressure of the Honan intraocular pressure reducer(HIPR) with preoperative use of dichlorphenamide and mannitol or without. Seventy five patients scheduled for cataract surgery were divided into 4 groups by preoperative medication. Intraocular pressure was measured before preoperative medication and in process of time after external compression with the Honan intraocular pressure reducer(HIPR) following retrobulbar injection. There was no additive effect on the reduction of intraocular pressure with the preoperative use of dichlorphenamide and mannitol. A rapid initial reduction in intraocular presure over the first 5 minutes of compression was followed by a more gradual reduction from 5 to 20 minutes. We concluded that the compression of up to 20 minutes duration without the preoperative use of dichlorphenamide and mannitol is adequate.
Cataract* ; Dichlorphenamide ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Mannitol ; Premedication*

The Jackson Rees technique has become increasingly popular in pediatric anesthesia. This article presents an original Jackson Rees technique that we have used on 1235 cases for the past 7 years, and which is known as Pentothal-Curare-Hyperventilation technique or the Liverpool technique because of its origin and agents used. Technique 1) Atropine and demerol generally are given as premedication but atropine is only given in the newborn baby. 2) Patients are given pentothal 4mg/kg to sleep. 3) A dose of curare 0.6mg/kg is administered to paralyse and the patient is intubated with an appropriate size tube. 4) The patient is hyperventilated with three times the minute volume of N2O/O2 in a 1:2 ratio using a Jackson Rees modification unit. 5) At the end of surgery N2O is discontinued and curare is reversed with prostigmine 0.1mg/kg and atropine 0.03mg/kg. As a result of our experience this technique has been considered to be a very satisfactory technique in all fields of pediatric andsthesia. The advantages and controverses are discussed.
Anesthesia* ; Atropine ; Curare ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Meperidine ; Neostigmine ; Premedication ; Thiopental

Direct arterial pressure(DAP) and heart rate were observed in normal patients during and after intravenous injection of d-Tc at varying rates of administration. The injection of d-Tc was preceeded by antihistmine(hydroxysine) in group ll. The results were as follows: 1) Alteration of pulse rate was minimal following varied administration of d-Tc in all groups. 2) DAP showed maximal change following a bolus injection of d-Tc, and a minimal change at the end of 180 seconds of d-Tc administration. 3) DAP showed minimal change following the premediction with antihistamine in comparison to a bolus administration. 4) Manifestation of flushing and tachycardia due to histmine release were not observed in group l and group ll.
Blood Pressure* ; Flushing ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Premedication* ; Tachycardia

BACKGROUND: Music influences the body and mental well-being of humans. Almost all patients undergoing surgery experience perioperative anxiety. This study was designed to determine the effect of music during surgery and the post-operation period under regional anesthesia on the level of anxiety, relaxation and fatigue. METHODS: Sixty-four patients who underwent orthopedic surgery under regional anesthesia were randomly assigned to Group 1 (listening to music) and Group 2 (no music). The premedication and anesthesia were standardized for both groups. The level of anxiety, fatigue and psychological well-being were examined as outcome variables. RESULTS: The level of anxiety and psychological well-being was significantly lower (anxiety: P = 0.012, psychological well-being: P = 0.006) in Group 1 than in Group 2. The level of fatigue was similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggested that music might be effective in reducing the level of intra and post-operative anxiety and improving the psychological well-being of patients undergoing surgery under regional anesthesia.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Conduction* ; Anxiety ; Fatigue ; Humans ; Music* ; Orthopedics ; Premedication ; Relaxation