No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Premedication*

No abstract available.
Bronchoscopy* ; Humans ; Outpatients* ; Premedication*

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of the combination of Dexmedetomidine (Dex) and Ketamine (Ket) administered via the intranasal (IN) route on sedation of children aged 0 to 12 years old prior to elective surgery or procedural sedation as compared to Intranasal Dexmedetomidine. Methods: Relevant studies were identified after a literature search on electronic databases as PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and Science Direct. Meta-analyses of mean differences were performed to examine differences in sedation onset and recovery times between IN Dex-Ket and IN Dex. Meta-analyses of proportions were performed to estimate the incidence of sedation success, satisfactory sedation at parental separation and mask induction, and incidence of adverse events. Review Manager 5.4.1 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Six articles (388 patients) were included. The overall incidence of sedation success was higher among children premedicated with IN Dex-Ket (RR = 1.05; 95%CI = 0.97,1.13; P = 0.27, I2 = 20%) however was not statistically significant. Children given IN Dex-Ket had faster sedation onset time (WMD = -7.17; 95%CI = -12.44, -1.89; P=0.008) with greater incidence of satisfactory sedation at mask induction (RR = 0.71; 95%CI = 0.53, 0.94; P = 0.02). There was no significant difference as to recovery time and incidence of adverse events among the groups. Conclusion Premedication with IN Dex-Ket is as safe as IN Dex but of better efficacy as evidenced by faster sedation onset time and smoother inhalational induction without increasing clinically relevant adverse events.
Dexmedetomidine ; Ketamine ; Premedication

To identify the changes in professional services pattern after introducing the deligated system of claims review started in 1982, a university hospital under this system was examined. For comparison, claims of the hospital to Federation of Korean Medical Insurance Societies, where this system is not accepted, were reviewed. A total of 600 cases each were studied operated at the Departments of General Surgery & Orthopedic Surgery in 1981 and 1983. The results are summarized as follow: 1. Percentages of hospital changes for basic care was decreased by 10.2% and that for medical service increased by 8.4% in 1983. 2. After the introduction of the deligated review system, percentages of cutting off the claims was decreased by 12.4% for basic care and increased by 3.8% for medical services. 3. Percentage of testing liver function, and the frequency of administering high cost intravenous fluid injection, applicating Robinul as anesthetic premedication were decreased respectively after introducting the deligated services system.
Insurance ; Insurance Claim Review ; Liver ; Orthopedics ; Premedication

There have been many reports stating that halperidol premedication has been used for sefative and antiemetic effects. Therefore we utilized haloperidol as a premedicant for the purpose of obtaining the above effects. Over a period of one year from march 1978 to February 1979, 0.1mg haloperidol per kilogram of body weight was given to 747 patients. The results were as follows. 1)The extrapyramidal symptioms appeared in children, especially in the 10-year old group. 2) Large doses of haloperidol were more likely to cause to extrapyramidal symptoms than smaller doses(over 0.1mg/kg) 3)The effects of haloperidol lasted for a considerable duration of time after administration, (about 24-48 hous).
Antiemetics ; Body Weight ; Child ; Haloperidol* ; Humans ; Premedication*

BACKGROUND: A majority of patients undergoing chemical peeling complain of pain severe enough to disturb the process of the peeling. However, there has been few controlled studies on pain control during chemical peeling. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of pretreatment with intramuscular ketorolac (Tarasyn, 30 mg) and oral diazepam(Valium, 5 mg) in comparison with control and diazepam groups, and compared the sensitivity of pain between two sexes. METHODS: The patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups; control, diazepam, and ketorolac plus diazepam groups. Pain intensity was assessed 5 times at every ten minutes from the beginning of the peeling using visual analog scale(VAS). RESULTS: At every 10 minutes of pain assessment, ketorolac plus diazepam group recorded the lowest VAS among the three groups. Except at the first 10 minutes, nificant. There was no significant difference in the pain intensity between the sexes at all five times. After application of Jessner`s solution, there was significant increase of VAS in all groups. CONCLUSION: The ketorolac pretreatment is a safe and effective modality of pain relief prior to chemical peeling without the adverse reactions.
Diazepam ; Humans ; Ketorolac* ; Pain Measurement ; Premedication*

With with use of Tono-pen, we investigated the degree of reduction in intraocular pressure of the Honan intraocular pressure reducer(HIPR) with preoperative use of dichlorphenamide and mannitol or without. Seventy five patients scheduled for cataract surgery were divided into 4 groups by preoperative medication. Intraocular pressure was measured before preoperative medication and in process of time after external compression with the Honan intraocular pressure reducer(HIPR) following retrobulbar injection. There was no additive effect on the reduction of intraocular pressure with the preoperative use of dichlorphenamide and mannitol. A rapid initial reduction in intraocular presure over the first 5 minutes of compression was followed by a more gradual reduction from 5 to 20 minutes. We concluded that the compression of up to 20 minutes duration without the preoperative use of dichlorphenamide and mannitol is adequate.
Cataract* ; Dichlorphenamide ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Mannitol ; Premedication*

BACKGROUND: In some studies, 5 microgram/kg clonidine premedication was claimed to enhance the pressor effects of ephedrine in anesthetized patients. We studied hemodynamic responses to intravenous responses, themselves responses to intravenous ephedrine in patients who received clonidine 3 microgram/kg. METHODS: 40 ASA pysical status I or II patients were randomly assigned to either the clonidine group (n = 20), receiving oral clonidine 3 microgram/kg 90 min before general anesthesia, or the control group (n = 20), receiving no clonidine. Hemodynamic measurements were made at one-minute intervals for ten minutes after ephedrine 0.1 mg/kg was injected as a bolus. RESULTS: The magnitude of maximal systolic blood pressure increases in the clonidine group (13.2+/-9.3%) was no different in the control group (12.4+/-12.3%). There were no difference in the pressor effect and duration of response of ephedrine in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: The pressor effect of ephedrine is not enhanced in patients given 3 microgram/kg clonidine premedication during general anesthesia.
Anesthesia, General ; Blood Pressure ; Clonidine* ; Ephedrine* ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Premedication*

In order to assess the effects of diazepam and meperidine as premedication for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, eighty eight patients undergone an elective upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were studied. Studied patients were divided into two groups; one group was premedicated with buscopan and stropine(group I), and the other group was premedicated with diazepam and meperidien (group II). The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1) 83.0% of the group II (44/53) did not eomplain any discomfort by the procedure, but only 23.9% (8/35) of the group I showed no discopmort. The difference between two groups is statiatieally significant (p<0.005). 2) In 41 patients with previous experience of endoscopy, 22 patients from 27 of the graup Il(81.5%) did not feel any discomfort but it wes only 3 patients among 14 of the group I (21.4%) who did not feel discomfart (p<0,005). 3) In 47 patients without previous experience of endoscopy, 23 patients from 26 of the group II (88. 5%) did not show discomfort but it way only 5 patients among 21 of the group I (23.7%) (p<0.005). 4) In the patients with previous experience of endoscopy, 21 patients among 27 of the group II (77. 8%) felt better than that of the previous experience but it was only 3 patients among 14 of the group I (21.4%) (p<0.005). From the above results, we would emphasize that it is more effective to use diazepam and, meperidien as premendication for the gastrointestinal endoscopic procedure since it removes pstients apprehension rendering them a good cooperation with very minimal side effects,
Butylscopolammonium Bromide ; Diazepam ; Endoscopy ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Humans ; Meperidine ; Premedication*

BACKGROUND: After sinus surgery, airway dryness is made worse because patients breathe by mouth. Anticholinergic agents have antisialogogue effects. The airway dryness that occurs after surgery is severe and can increase the incidence of postoperative sore throat. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One-hundered patients who were scheduled for endoscopic sinus surgery(ESS) were divided into four groups. Each group was premedicated with glycopyrrolate or had no premedication and reversed with glycopyrrolate or atropine. After the surgery the patients were asked about a sore throat and hoarseness postoperatively after 1h, 6h, 12h, 24h, and 48hours, respectively. RESULTS: The incidence of postoperative sore throat and hoarseness was not significantly different among the four groups at any time. CONCLUSION: The severity of complications after ESS was low and subsided within 24 hours. Therefore, the use of anticholinergic agents does not need to be limited.
Atropine ; Cholinergic Antagonists* ; Glycopyrrolate ; Hoarseness ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mouth ; Pharyngitis* ; Premedication