No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Premedication*

No abstract available.
Bronchoscopy* ; Humans ; Outpatients* ; Premedication*

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of the combination of Dexmedetomidine (Dex) and Ketamine (Ket) administered via the intranasal (IN) route on sedation of children aged 0 to 12 years old prior to elective surgery or procedural sedation as compared to Intranasal Dexmedetomidine. Methods: Relevant studies were identified after a literature search on electronic databases as PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and Science Direct. Meta-analyses of mean differences were performed to examine differences in sedation onset and recovery times between IN Dex-Ket and IN Dex. Meta-analyses of proportions were performed to estimate the incidence of sedation success, satisfactory sedation at parental separation and mask induction, and incidence of adverse events. Review Manager 5.4.1 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Six articles (388 patients) were included. The overall incidence of sedation success was higher among children premedicated with IN Dex-Ket (RR = 1.05; 95%CI = 0.97,1.13; P = 0.27, I2 = 20%) however was not statistically significant. Children given IN Dex-Ket had faster sedation onset time (WMD = -7.17; 95%CI = -12.44, -1.89; P=0.008) with greater incidence of satisfactory sedation at mask induction (RR = 0.71; 95%CI = 0.53, 0.94; P = 0.02). There was no significant difference as to recovery time and incidence of adverse events among the groups. Conclusion Premedication with IN Dex-Ket is as safe as IN Dex but of better efficacy as evidenced by faster sedation onset time and smoother inhalational induction without increasing clinically relevant adverse events.
Dexmedetomidine ; Ketamine ; Premedication

BACKGROUND: A majority of patients undergoing chemical peeling complain of pain severe enough to disturb the process of the peeling. However, there has been few controlled studies on pain control during chemical peeling. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of pretreatment with intramuscular ketorolac (Tarasyn, 30 mg) and oral diazepam(Valium, 5 mg) in comparison with control and diazepam groups, and compared the sensitivity of pain between two sexes. METHODS: The patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups; control, diazepam, and ketorolac plus diazepam groups. Pain intensity was assessed 5 times at every ten minutes from the beginning of the peeling using visual analog scale(VAS). RESULTS: At every 10 minutes of pain assessment, ketorolac plus diazepam group recorded the lowest VAS among the three groups. Except at the first 10 minutes, nificant. There was no significant difference in the pain intensity between the sexes at all five times. After application of Jessner`s solution, there was significant increase of VAS in all groups. CONCLUSION: The ketorolac pretreatment is a safe and effective modality of pain relief prior to chemical peeling without the adverse reactions.
Diazepam ; Humans ; Ketorolac* ; Pain Measurement ; Premedication*

There have been many reports stating that halperidol premedication has been used for sefative and antiemetic effects. Therefore we utilized haloperidol as a premedicant for the purpose of obtaining the above effects. Over a period of one year from march 1978 to February 1979, 0.1mg haloperidol per kilogram of body weight was given to 747 patients. The results were as follows. 1)The extrapyramidal symptioms appeared in children, especially in the 10-year old group. 2) Large doses of haloperidol were more likely to cause to extrapyramidal symptoms than smaller doses(over 0.1mg/kg) 3)The effects of haloperidol lasted for a considerable duration of time after administration, (about 24-48 hous).
Antiemetics ; Body Weight ; Child ; Haloperidol* ; Humans ; Premedication*

To identify the changes in professional services pattern after introducing the deligated system of claims review started in 1982, a university hospital under this system was examined. For comparison, claims of the hospital to Federation of Korean Medical Insurance Societies, where this system is not accepted, were reviewed. A total of 600 cases each were studied operated at the Departments of General Surgery & Orthopedic Surgery in 1981 and 1983. The results are summarized as follow: 1. Percentages of hospital changes for basic care was decreased by 10.2% and that for medical service increased by 8.4% in 1983. 2. After the introduction of the deligated review system, percentages of cutting off the claims was decreased by 12.4% for basic care and increased by 3.8% for medical services. 3. Percentage of testing liver function, and the frequency of administering high cost intravenous fluid injection, applicating Robinul as anesthetic premedication were decreased respectively after introducting the deligated services system.
Insurance ; Insurance Claim Review ; Liver ; Orthopedics ; Premedication

With with use of Tono-pen, we investigated the degree of reduction in intraocular pressure of the Honan intraocular pressure reducer(HIPR) with preoperative use of dichlorphenamide and mannitol or without. Seventy five patients scheduled for cataract surgery were divided into 4 groups by preoperative medication. Intraocular pressure was measured before preoperative medication and in process of time after external compression with the Honan intraocular pressure reducer(HIPR) following retrobulbar injection. There was no additive effect on the reduction of intraocular pressure with the preoperative use of dichlorphenamide and mannitol. A rapid initial reduction in intraocular presure over the first 5 minutes of compression was followed by a more gradual reduction from 5 to 20 minutes. We concluded that the compression of up to 20 minutes duration without the preoperative use of dichlorphenamide and mannitol is adequate.
Cataract* ; Dichlorphenamide ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Mannitol ; Premedication*

The preanesthetic management of preschool children is rather difficult. They worry about separation from their parents, the strange hospital environment, surgery, and are not always amenable to reasoned explanation. Therefore, the preoperative sedation is necessary to reduce anxiety and minimize psychologic trauma to children. To determine which type of intrarectal administration is the most effective in preanesthetic sedation, 90 children were randomly assigned to three groups. Group I was administered with intrarectal midazolam (0.5 mg/kg), group II, intrarectal ketamine (5 mg/kg), and group III, intrarectal midazolam (0.5 mg/kg) with ketamine (5 mg/kg). Most of children separated easily from their parents 30 minutes after intrarectal administration (above 80%). In all groups, the loss of consciousness were below 40% and sedation states were above 80%. But in group III, the loss of consciousness and the sedation states were much better than those of the other two groups. The anxiety level of group III was lower than that of the other groups (p<0.05) and the sedation level of group I and III were better than that of group II (p<0.001). Complications and recovery time were similar among each group. Following intrarectal administration of 0.5 mg/kg of midazolam with 5 mg/kg of ketamine, reliable sedation was obtained 20-30 min after intrarectal administration. Therefore we believe that intrarectal midazolam with ketamine is a useful teehnique for the reliable preoperative sedation in children.
Anxiety ; Child* ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Ketamine* ; Midazolam* ; Parents ; Premedication* ; Unconsciousness

BACKGROUND: Severity of aspiration pneumonitis is associated with acidity and volume of aspirated gastric contents. Volume and acidity of gastric contents are influenced by food, drugs, and patient factors. However, most studies were performed without controlling these factors. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of a 20 mg intravenous famotidine injection on gastric content volume and acidity, 1 to 2 hours prior to general anesthesia after controlling the last intake of food. METHODS: One hundred twenty three healthy patients were randomly assigned to famotidine and control groups. All patients were requested to drink 200 ml of milk the night before surgery in order to control food related factors and fasting time. After induction of general anesthesia, volume and acidity of aspirated gastric contents were measured. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in acidity of aspirated gastric contents between the two groups. However, the famotidine group showed a significant aspirated gastric volume reduction compared with that of the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Famotidine premedication by intravenous injection 1 to 2 hours prior to general anesthesia may be effective to prevent aspiration pneumonitis by reducing gastric content volume.
Anesthesia, General* ; Famotidine* ; Fasting ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Milk ; Pneumonia ; Premedication*

Hydroxyzine hydrochloride, a minor tranquilizer and a ataratic, was tested clinically for effectiveness as a premedicant separate dosages of 1 and 2 mg/kg. Each 30 patients were in the physical status class 1 and 2 by A.S.A. classification, and the age distribution was from 20 to 60 years. The following results were obtained. 1) Emotionally calm response was seen in 70% in the hydroxyzine 1 mg/kg (group 1), and in 93.3%, in the 2 mg/kg (group 2). 2) Mental alertness was seen in 86. 6% in group 1, and in 66. 6% in group 2. 3) Complications after premedication were chilling and shivering, hypertension, nausea, and headache, and were not serious. Therefore this premedication was satisfactory in most cases, especially in group 2.
Age Distribution ; Classification ; Headache ; Humans ; Hydroxyzine* ; Hypertension ; Nausea ; Premedication ; Shivering