OBJECTIVETo observe the prevalence, blood pressure change in prehypertensive population and associated cardiovascular risk factors.

METHODSData from a prehypertensive cohort defined with the JNC-7 prehypertension diagnostic criteria were obtained in the employees of kailuan group during the health examination between 2006 to 2007 and the same population was revisited between 2008 to 2009 to observe the change of blood pressure and the associated determinants for blood pressure change.

RESULTS(1) There were 25 474 prehypertensive during the 1(st) visit and 8361 subjects developed hypertension during the 2(nd) visit (35.3% in men and 23.3% in women, 27.2% with baseline blood pressure 120 - 129/80 - 84 mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa) and 43.8% with baseline blood pressure 130 - 139/85 - 89 mm Hg, 34.3% with risk factors and 19.9% without risk factors). (2) Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the baseline SBP, waist circumference, age, BMI, gender (male), DBP, TC, FBG, TG, LDL-C were the risk factors of blood pressure progression with a RR (95%CI) of 1.052 (1.048 - 1.056), 1.009 (1.006 - 1.013), 1.023 (1.021 - 1.026), 1.063 (1.052 - 1.074), 1.554 (1.442 - 1.675), 1.036 (1.029 - 1.043), 1.064 (1.037 - 1.093), 1.043 (1.024 - 1.062), 1.041 (1.021 - 1.062) and 1.035 (1.000 - 1.072), respectively.

CONCLUSIONA third (32.8%) prehypertensive population progressed into hypertension after two years, baseline SBP, waist circumference, age, BMI, gender (male), DBP, TC, FBG, TG, LDL-C were the risk factors of predicting blood pressure progression.

Adult ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; epidemiology ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prehypertension ; epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Waist Circumference

Several lines of evidence indicate that prehypertension is more atherogenic than normal blood pressure. Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is known to be positively associated with prehypertensive status and the progression of hypertension. However, there have been no prospective studies of serum GGT level as a predictor of prehypertension. Apparently 13,435 healthy men (mean age 42.0 +/- 6.6 yr) with normal blood pressure were included in a prospective cohort study in 2005 and were followed up to 2010 with the endpoint being incident of prehypertension. During the follow up period (median 2.80 +/- 1.44 yr; actual follow-up 37,679.1 person-year), prehypertension was developed in 7,867 (58.6%) participants. Risk estimations for incident prehypertension were analyzed based on quartiles of serum GGT levels using multivariate adjusted Cox proportional hazards model. In unadjusted model, the hazard ratio for incident prehypertension for the highest 3 quartiles of baseline serum GGT level was 1.21 (1.13-1.29), 1.29 (1.21-1.38), and 1.57 (1.47-1.67) compared the lowest quartile of serum GGT level, respectively (P for trend < 0.001). These associations still remained statistically significant, even after adjusting for multiple covariates. These findings indicate that increased serum GGT level is independently associated with incident prehypertension in Korean men.
Adult ; Biological Markers/blood ; Blood Pressure ; Cohort Studies ; Humans ; Hypertension/blood ; Incidence ; Male ; Oxidative Stress ; Prehypertension/*blood/epidemiology ; Prospective Studies ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; gamma-Glutamyltransferase/*blood

OBJECTIVETo investigate the situation of normal blood pressure and prevalence and risk factors of prehypertension in Han, Uygur and Hazakh population ≥ 35 years old of Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region.

METHODSRandom samples were used to analyze the incidence of normal blood pressure and prehypertension in 3 nationalities based on data from Han, Uygur and Hazakh residents living in 7 areas (Urumqi, Ke lamayi, Fukang, the Turfan Basin locality, Hetian locality, Altay locality, and Yili Hazakh autonomous prefecture) in Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region.

RESULTSA total of 16 460 subjects were selected with cluster sampling, and eligible data of 14 618 subjects were actually analyzed in Han, Uygur and Hazakh population ≥ 35 years old of Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region. Incidence of normal blood pressure was 24.9% and the prevalence of prehypertension was 34.24% (35.6% fro male and 31.5% for female, P < 0.01) in Han, Uygur and Hazakh population ≥ 35 years old in Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region. The prevalence of prehypertension was 37.34%, 32.95% and 30.62% in Han, Uygur and Hazakh population, respectively. The prevalence of prehypertension decreased with increasing age in Han and Uygur population ≥ 45 years old, and in Hazakh population ≥ 35 years old (all P < 0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that hypertriglyceridemia ≥ 1.7 mmol/L, age ≥ 45 years old, fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L and body mass index ≥ 24.0 kg/m(2) were risk factors while the female was a protective factor of prehypertension.

CONCLUSIONThe people with normal blood pressure is few and the prevalence of prehypertension is high in Han, Uygur and Hazakh population ≥ 35 years old of Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, and it is associated with many risk factors.

Adult ; Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Blood Pressure ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prehypertension ; epidemiology ; physiopathology ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo observe the cardiovascular risk factors and vascular damage status of pre- and hypertensive population in the coastal areas of Fujian province.

METHODSThis cross-sectional study surved 3344 Fujian coastal people aged older than 30 years. Glycolipids, uric acid, urine, microalbumin, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(baPWV) and central retinal arteriolar equivalent(CRAE) measurements were performed. Variance analysis and binary logistic regression were applied to evaluate cardiovascular risk factors and vascular damage of prehypertensive as well as hypertensive population.

RESULTS(1) The morbidity of prehypertension as well as hypertension was 30.0% in coastal population of Fujian Province, there were more than 3 cardiovascular risk factors in 65.5% (909/1388) of the hypertensive population and 37.5% of the prehypertensive population.(2) The abnormal rates of creatinine ratio(UACR), baPWV, and CRAE in hypertensive [25.7% (357/1388) , 84.2% (1169/1388) , 29.5% (409/1388) ] and prehypertensive population [20.0% (176/880) , 29.1% (256/880) , 25.6% (225/880)] were significantly higher than those of normotensive individuals [8.5% (91/1076), 8.9% (96/1076), 18.8% (202/1076), all P < 0.05].(3) Prehypertension and hypertension served as independent risk factors of UACR, baPWV and CRAE according to logistic regression analysis. The odds ratios (OR) value and 95% confidence intervals were 1.496 (1.095-2.044) , 2.477 (1.815-3.381) , 0.700 (0.549-0.891) in prehypertensive population, and 1.976 (1.454-2.686) , 7.707 (12.938-24.235) , 0.591 (0.474-0.736) in hypertensive population.

CONCLUSIONMultiple cardiovascular risk factors coexist in prehypertensive and hypertensive population in the coastal area of coastal areas of Fujian province and there is more morbidity of vascular damage in prehypertensive and hypertensive individuals compared to normotensive subjects in these areas.

Aged ; Ankle Brachial Index ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; complications ; physiopathology ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; physiopathology ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prehypertension ; epidemiology ; physiopathology ; Risk Factors

Previous epidemiologic studies have shown the clinical association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, there is only limited information about the effect of NAFLD on the development of hypertension. Accordingly, we investigated the clinical association between NAFLD and prehypertension. A prospective cohort study was conducted on the 11,350 Korean men without prehypertension for 5 yr. The incidences of prehypertension were evaluated, and Cox proportional hazard model was used to measure the hazard ratios (HRs) for the development of prehypertension according to the degree of NAFLD (normal, mild, moderate to severe). The incidence of prehypertension increased according to NAFLD states (normal: 55.5%, mild: 63.7%, moderate to severe: 70.3%, P<0.001). Even after adjusting for multiple covariates, the HRs (95% confidence interval) for prehypertension were higher in the mild group (1.18; 1.07-1.31) and moderate to severe group (1.62; 1.21-2.17), compared to normal group, respectively (P for trend <0.001). The development of prehypertension is more potentially associated with the more progressive NAFLD than normal and milder state. These findings suggest the clinical significance of NAFLD as one of risk factors for prehypertension.
Adult ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Cohort Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications/diagnosis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/complications/*diagnosis ; Prehypertension/diagnosis/*epidemiology/etiology ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Smoking