Case-Control Studies ; Female ; HIV Infections ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ; epidemiology ; Risk Factors

Influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza virus. Pregnancy is associated with physiologic and immunological changes that may increase the risk for influenza virus infection and influenza-related complications. Influenza vaccination is the most effective way to prevent influenza virus infection. WHO and many countries have classified pregnant women as a priority population for influenza vaccination, however, there are still many challenges for promoting influenza vaccination in pregnant women in China, influenza vaccination coverage in pregnant women remains low and some influenza vaccine package inserts list pregnancy as an absolute contraindication. In this paper, we summarize the research progress in the effects of influenza infection and influenza vaccination during pregnancy both at home and abroad, then discuss the strategies to promote influenza vaccination in pregnancy for the purpose of providing reference for the related research and policy development in China.
Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnant Women ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology* ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology* ; Influenza Vaccines ; Vaccination ; Orthomyxoviridae

From March 1995 to February 1998, 110 patients diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) in pregnancy or the puerperium at the Port Moresby General Hospital (PMGH) were surveyed. 96% were diagnosed as a result of the symptoms of tuberculosis, 4% through contact tracing. 11 of 40 patients who first attended antenatal clinic in the second trimester were not diagnosed until after delivery. The mean birthweight of term infants of TB patients was significantly less than term infants in a previous survey at PMGH. 45% of babies were growth restricted. With increasing duration of treatment, both increasing maternal weight gain in pregnancy and higher mean birthweight were found. Maternal and perinatal mortality were high in the study patients. There were 6 maternal deaths and a perinatal mortality rate of 137/1000. The majority of maternal and fetal losses occurred in patients who had pulmonary, miliary and meningeal TB. Improvement in the detection of tuberculosis in antenatal patients and the introduction of adequate treatment before delivery should prevent maternal deaths and perinatal morbidity and mortality.
Longitudinal Studies ; Papua New Guinea - epidemiology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - epidemiology

OBJECTIVETo measure the incidence rates of preterm delivery in HIV-infected pregnant women and to explore related potential risk factors.

METHODSData from 'Information System of Prevention of Mother-to-child Transmission of HIV Management in China, 2013' was used in the study. Information regarding demographic characteristics, pregnancy, HIV relevant situations and pregnancy outcomes related to these HIV-infected pregnant women, were extracted and analyzed. Incidence of preterm delivery was calculated with related potential risk factors explored.

RESULTS3 913 HIV-infected pregnant women were involved in this study, including 336 of them having undergone preterm deliveries (8.6%). Results from univariate and multivariate analyses showed that preterm delivery was associated with factors as: maternal age, ethnicity, education, being migrant, pregnancy hypertension, multiple pregnancy and times of antenatal care visits (P < 0.05) of the pregnant women. Compared with those who contracted the HIV infection through drug injection, the ones who were infected through other routes suffered fewer preterm deliveries (adjusted OR = 0.562, 95% CI: 0.360-0.879). Pregnant women who received antiretroviral therapy either between 14 to 27 gestational weeks or during the period of less than 14, were more likely to experience preterm delivery, comparison to those who did not receive the therapy during pregnancy. The adjusted ORs were 1.712 (95% CI: 1.196-2.451) and 1.862 (95% CI: 1.261-2.749), respectively.

CONCLUSIONPreterm delivery was a common adverse outcome during pregnancy among HIV-infected women in China. Other than traditionally known risk factors, routes of transmission and the use of antiretroviral therapy might also be associated with the increased risks for preterm delivery.

China ; epidemiology ; Female ; HIV Infections ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ; epidemiology ; Premature Birth ; epidemiology ; Risk Factors

China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Hepatitis B ; prevention & control ; transmission ; Humans ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; prevention & control ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious

OBJECTIVETo analyze the risk factors for maternal and perinatal syphilis infections in Guangzhou.

METHODSWe collected the data of pregnant women with perinatal syphilis infections from the Obstetrics Critical Care Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University during the period from January, 2009 to April, 2013.

RESULTSin the 64 253 pregnant women surveyed, the mean annual incidence of syphilis during pregnancy was 0.255% within the surveyed period. In women with syphilis during pregnancy, those receiving normal anti-syphilis treatment had a significantly lower rate of neonatal serological syphilis positivity and those without treatment (55.81% vs 100%); the serological syphilis positivity rates differed significantly between neonates with parental syphilis infection and those without (54.348% vs 20%). Of the women with syphilis during pregnancy, 82.14% reported syphilis of the spouse, 80.36% were floating population, and 78.57% had previous multiple pregnancies.

CONCLUSIONThe incidence of syphilis during pregnancy shows a linear growth in the 5 past years in Guangzhou. Maternal syphilis during pregnancy without proper anti-syphilis treatment and vertical transmission are the most important risk factors for neonatal syphilis. A syphilis spouse, floating population, and multiple pregnancies all contribute to neonatal syphilis.

Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ; epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Syphilis ; epidemiology ; transmission ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the efficacy of prevention programs and relevant factors targeting mother-to-infant transmission of HBV in Yunnan province.

METHODSIn Yunnan province, we selected HBsAg positive pregnant women that delivered in hospital from January 1st through June 30th, 2011. Newborns of these pregnant women were under PMTCT (prevention of mother to child treatment) program and followed. Every infant was drawn 2 ml venous blood and questionnaire survey was carried out when the baby was 7-12 month-old and completed the vaccination processes. Serum samples of them were then collected and detected on the 5 serological indicators of HBV.

RESULTSwere analyzed statistically.

RESULTSThere were 2 765 infants in the study program. The success rate of PMTCT was 95.88% . Rates of coverage on both timely-birth dose and 3 doses of HepB were 97.03% and 92.30% respectively. The overall vaccinated rate and timely-birth vaccinated rate on hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) were 68.97% and 94.49% respectively. The success rate of PMTCT was 97.16% after administration of passive-active immune-prophylaxis (HepB and HBIG), compared to the rate as 93.01% when vaccinated with HepB only. Significant differences were seen in the successful rates of PMTCT between combined and non-combined immunization. Either the combined or non-combined immunization, there were significant differences seen in the success rates of PMTCT regardless the positivity status of HBsAg or HBeAg, among the infected mothers.

CONCLUSIONThe efficacy of passive-active immune-prophylaxis program seemed to be better than the one without combined immunization. It was vitally important for the infants whose mothers' HBsAg and HBeAg status were positive, to receive regular and timely combined immunization. In order to promote the PMTCT in Yunnan province, vaccinated rate on HBIG should be further improved.

China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Hepatitis B ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Hepatitis B virus ; Humans ; Immunization ; Infant, Newborn ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; prevention & control ; Mothers ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ; prevention & control

In this paper, we provide guidance to clinicians who care for infants born to mothers with suspected/confirmed COVID-19 during this current pandemic. We reviewed available literature and international guidelines based on the following themes: delivery room management; infection control and prevention strategies; neonatal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 testing; breastfeeding and breastmilk feeding; rooming-in of mother-infant; respiratory support precautions; visiting procedures; de-isolation and discharge of infant; outpatient clinic attendance; transport of infant; and training of healthcare staff. This guidance for clinical care was proposed and contextualised for the local setting via consensus by members of this workgroup and was based on evidence available as of 31 July 2020, and may change as new evidence emerges.
Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans ; Mothers ; COVID-19/epidemiology* ; Singapore/epidemiology* ; COVID-19 Testing ; Pandemics/prevention & control* ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control* ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/prevention & control*

Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Risk Factors ; Risk Assessment ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology* ; Pregnancy Outcome

Currently, the main strategy for preventing neonatal group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection is prenatal screening combined with intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis, which has effectively reduced the incidence of neonatal GBS early-onset disease. However, the burden of GBS infection is still significant. The intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis strategy has limitations such as inducing antibiotic resistance and inability to effectively prevent GBS late-onset disease. It is crucial to develop and evaluate other prevention strategies, while paying close attention to assessing penicillin allergy in pregnant women and how to prevent GBS infection in neonates with negative maternal GBS screening. In recent years, there has been some progress in GBS vaccines and related immunological research, and the use of specific vaccines is expected to significantly reduce GBS infection in neonates.
Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use* ; Antibiotic Prophylaxis ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control* ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology* ; Streptococcal Infections/drug therapy* ; Streptococcus agalactiae