Case-Control Studies ; Female ; HIV Infections ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ; epidemiology ; Risk Factors

From March 1995 to February 1998, 110 patients diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) in pregnancy or the puerperium at the Port Moresby General Hospital (PMGH) were surveyed. 96% were diagnosed as a result of the symptoms of tuberculosis, 4% through contact tracing. 11 of 40 patients who first attended antenatal clinic in the second trimester were not diagnosed until after delivery. The mean birthweight of term infants of TB patients was significantly less than term infants in a previous survey at PMGH. 45% of babies were growth restricted. With increasing duration of treatment, both increasing maternal weight gain in pregnancy and higher mean birthweight were found. Maternal and perinatal mortality were high in the study patients. There were 6 maternal deaths and a perinatal mortality rate of 137/1000. The majority of maternal and fetal losses occurred in patients who had pulmonary, miliary and meningeal TB. Improvement in the detection of tuberculosis in antenatal patients and the introduction of adequate treatment before delivery should prevent maternal deaths and perinatal morbidity and mortality.
Longitudinal Studies ; Papua New Guinea - epidemiology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - epidemiology

Influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza virus. Pregnancy is associated with physiologic and immunological changes that may increase the risk for influenza virus infection and influenza-related complications. Influenza vaccination is the most effective way to prevent influenza virus infection. WHO and many countries have classified pregnant women as a priority population for influenza vaccination, however, there are still many challenges for promoting influenza vaccination in pregnant women in China, influenza vaccination coverage in pregnant women remains low and some influenza vaccine package inserts list pregnancy as an absolute contraindication. In this paper, we summarize the research progress in the effects of influenza infection and influenza vaccination during pregnancy both at home and abroad, then discuss the strategies to promote influenza vaccination in pregnancy for the purpose of providing reference for the related research and policy development in China.
Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnant Women ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology* ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology* ; Influenza Vaccines ; Vaccination ; Orthomyxoviridae

China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Hepatitis B ; prevention & control ; transmission ; Humans ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; prevention & control ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious

OBJECTIVETo analyze the risk factors for maternal and perinatal syphilis infections in Guangzhou.

METHODSWe collected the data of pregnant women with perinatal syphilis infections from the Obstetrics Critical Care Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University during the period from January, 2009 to April, 2013.

RESULTSin the 64 253 pregnant women surveyed, the mean annual incidence of syphilis during pregnancy was 0.255% within the surveyed period. In women with syphilis during pregnancy, those receiving normal anti-syphilis treatment had a significantly lower rate of neonatal serological syphilis positivity and those without treatment (55.81% vs 100%); the serological syphilis positivity rates differed significantly between neonates with parental syphilis infection and those without (54.348% vs 20%). Of the women with syphilis during pregnancy, 82.14% reported syphilis of the spouse, 80.36% were floating population, and 78.57% had previous multiple pregnancies.

CONCLUSIONThe incidence of syphilis during pregnancy shows a linear growth in the 5 past years in Guangzhou. Maternal syphilis during pregnancy without proper anti-syphilis treatment and vertical transmission are the most important risk factors for neonatal syphilis. A syphilis spouse, floating population, and multiple pregnancies all contribute to neonatal syphilis.

Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ; epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Syphilis ; epidemiology ; transmission ; Young Adult

In this paper, we provide guidance to clinicians who care for infants born to mothers with suspected/confirmed COVID-19 during this current pandemic. We reviewed available literature and international guidelines based on the following themes: delivery room management; infection control and prevention strategies; neonatal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 testing; breastfeeding and breastmilk feeding; rooming-in of mother-infant; respiratory support precautions; visiting procedures; de-isolation and discharge of infant; outpatient clinic attendance; transport of infant; and training of healthcare staff. This guidance for clinical care was proposed and contextualised for the local setting via consensus by members of this workgroup and was based on evidence available as of 31 July 2020, and may change as new evidence emerges.
Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans ; Mothers ; COVID-19/epidemiology* ; Singapore/epidemiology* ; COVID-19 Testing ; Pandemics/prevention & control* ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control* ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/prevention & control*

Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Risk Factors ; Risk Assessment ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology* ; Pregnancy Outcome

Currently, the main strategy for preventing neonatal group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection is prenatal screening combined with intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis, which has effectively reduced the incidence of neonatal GBS early-onset disease. However, the burden of GBS infection is still significant. The intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis strategy has limitations such as inducing antibiotic resistance and inability to effectively prevent GBS late-onset disease. It is crucial to develop and evaluate other prevention strategies, while paying close attention to assessing penicillin allergy in pregnant women and how to prevent GBS infection in neonates with negative maternal GBS screening. In recent years, there has been some progress in GBS vaccines and related immunological research, and the use of specific vaccines is expected to significantly reduce GBS infection in neonates.
Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use* ; Antibiotic Prophylaxis ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control* ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology* ; Streptococcal Infections/drug therapy* ; Streptococcus agalactiae

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with listeriosis and to provide a basis for diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of hospital infection. METHODS: A total of 10 inpatients, who suffered from the listeriosis in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University from January 2013 to June 2019, were retrospectively collected for this study. The characteristics of the patients' age, gander, basic information, case type, clinical manifestations, first consultation department, days of diagnosis, infection indicator, specimen type, results of drug sensitivity, treatment plan, hospital infection or not, outcome, follow-up data were analyzed. RESULTS: Two cases were pregnant women and other were non-pregnant adults among 10 patients with listeriosis. Among them, there were 3 cases with hospital acquired infection. The age of patient onset was 27-71 years old, and the time from onset to diagnosis was 5-36 days. Five cases had fever, and other 5 cases had not fever. There were headache, fatigue, local pain, and other specialized symptoms in the 10 patients.The white blood cell count,the neutrophil ratio, the inflammatory index C-reactive protein, the procalcitonin were all increased, and the erythrocyte sedimentation was accelerated in the 10 patients.All the patients were sensitive to ampicillin, penicillin G, meropenem, and compound sinomine. CONCLUSIONS Listeriosis often affects the patients with low immunity, which often leads to misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis in clinic.So early prevention, early diagnosis, and early treatment can reduce mortality; it is important for departments of nosocomial infection management to manage patients' diet for avoiding outbreaks of listeriosis in hospital.
Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Listeria monocytogenes ; Listeriosis/epidemiology* ; Meropenem ; Middle Aged ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ; Retrospective Studies

Hepatitis E is a viral hepatitis that the hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes. In the early 1980s, the hepatitis E virus was first discovered and identified, and it is one of the important pathogens that cause acute viral hepatitis globally. HEV infection is usually self-limiting, but in some groups of populations, such as pregnant women, patients with chronic liver disease, and the elderly, the prognosis is poor and may result in acute or subacute liver failure or even death. In addition, HEV infection can occur in chronically immunocompromised populations. At present, some regions and countries are not paying enough attention to hepatitis E prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, which suggests that we should study the epidemiology of HEV infection.
Humans ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Aged ; Hepatitis E/epidemiology* ; Hepatitis E virus/genetics* ; Prognosis ; Liver Failure ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious