1.Recent research on the epidemiology and preventive strategies of neonatal group B Streptococcus infection in the latest decade.
Meng-Yang GUO ; Wei GAO ; Lin YUAN ; Kai-Hu YAO
Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 2023;25(5):534-540
Currently, the main strategy for preventing neonatal group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection is prenatal screening combined with intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis, which has effectively reduced the incidence of neonatal GBS early-onset disease. However, the burden of GBS infection is still significant. The intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis strategy has limitations such as inducing antibiotic resistance and inability to effectively prevent GBS late-onset disease. It is crucial to develop and evaluate other prevention strategies, while paying close attention to assessing penicillin allergy in pregnant women and how to prevent GBS infection in neonates with negative maternal GBS screening. In recent years, there has been some progress in GBS vaccines and related immunological research, and the use of specific vaccines is expected to significantly reduce GBS infection in neonates.
Female
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Humans
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Infant, Newborn
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Pregnancy
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Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use*
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Antibiotic Prophylaxis
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Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control*
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Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology*
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Streptococcal Infections/drug therapy*
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Streptococcus agalactiae
2.Effects of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-positive Mothers Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy to Prevent Mother-to-child Transmission on the Growth and Development of 18-month-old Children in Lingshan County of Guangxi.
Xian-Min GE ; Mei LIN ; Jin-Mei CHEN ; Jin-Hui ZHU ; Guang-Hua LAN ; Yu YAN ; Huan-Huan CHEN ; Liu-Hong LUO ; Shan-Shan LI ; Bin LI ; Guang-Hua HUANG ; Jia-Wei LI ; Yue-Qin DENG ; Ping-Jing WEN ; Yu-Man HUANG ; Qiu-Ying ZHU ; Qin MENG ; Shuai-Feng LIU ; Xiu-Ling WU ; Jing-Hua HUANG ; Hua-Xiang LU
Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae 2021;43(5):743-748
Objective To evaluate the effects of antiretroviral therapy(ART)for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission(PMTCT)of acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS)on the growth and development of 18-month-old children born by human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-positive pregnant women in Lingshan County,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,and provide scientific evidence for improving the ART medication plan for PMTCT.Methods Lingshan County,ranking the first in the HIV-epidemic counties of Guangxi,was selected as the research site.According to the design of retrospective case-control study,we assigned all the subjects into the case group and the control group:(1)The case group included the HIV-positive pregnant women who had received ART for PMTCT and their HIV-negative infants in Lingshan County from 2010 to 2017.The historical cards and PMTCT data of them were collected from the national PMTCT database.(2)The control group included the healthy pregnant women and their healthy babies born in the Lingshan Maternity and Infant Hospital in 2017,and the children's growth and development data were collected.The stunted growth in children was defined as at least one of the three main indicators of body height,body weight,and head circumference below the normal range.Results The number of HIV-positive mothers and their infants in the case group was 391 and 368,respectively,and 87.21%(341/391)and 95.38%(351/368)of mothers and infants respectively received ART medication.The HIV positive rate,mortality rate,and mother-to-child transmission rate of 18-month-old children were 1.36%(5/368),4.35%(16/368),and 2.01%(5/249),respectively.The incidence of stunted growth of 18-month-old children in the case group and the control group was 42.12%(155/368)and 23.06%(101/438),respectively,with significant difference(
Case-Control Studies
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China/epidemiology*
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Female
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Growth and Development
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HIV
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HIV Infections/prevention & control*
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Humans
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Infant
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Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control*
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Mothers
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Pregnancy
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Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy*
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Retrospective Studies
3.Maternal and Neonatal Effects of Substance Abuse during Pregnancy: Our Ten-year Experience.
Mirjana VUCINOVIC ; Damir ROJE ; Zoran VUCINOVIC ; Vesna CAPKUN ; Marija BUCAT ; Ivo BANOVIC
Yonsei Medical Journal 2008;49(5):705-713
PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to assess perinatal outcome of pregnancy burdened with maternal addiction in comparison with an unselected population from a European transition country. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data on pregnancies complicated by illicit drug abuse (n = 85) managed during a 10-year period (1997-2007) at Split University Hospital were analyzed. Data on the type of drug, course of gestation and labor, and on perinatal outcome were considered. Data on all non-dependence pregnancies recorded during the study period were used as a control group. RESULTS: During the study period, there were 85 dependence-complicated pregnancies (0.2%). Use of heroin alone during pregnancy was recorded in 51 women (50%), methadone alone in 6 (7%), and a combination of heroin and methadone in 9 (11%). Premature delivery was significantly more common in the group of pregnant addicts (21% vs. 6%); 49% of pregnant addicts were carriers of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and 14% of hepatitis B virus (HBV). Neonatal abstinence syndrome developed in 61 infants (7%) born to addicted mothers. There were 4 cases (4.6%) of early neonatal death; 7 neonates had 5-minute Apgar score < or = 7 (8%); 29 neonates had low birth weight for age (33%); and 7 neonates had congenital anomalies (8%). The risk of various congenital anomalies was 3-fold in the group of children born to addicted mothers. CONCLUSION: Addiction pregnancies present a small but high-risk group according to perinatal outcome. Appropriate obstetric and neonatal care can reduce the rate of complications in these pregnancies and improve perinatal outcome.
Adult
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Apgar Score
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Birth Weight
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Croatia/epidemiology
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Female
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Heroin/adverse effects
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Heroin Dependence/*complications/drug therapy/epidemiology
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Humans
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Incidence
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Infant Mortality
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Infant, Newborn
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*Maternal Exposure
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Methadone/adverse effects/therapeutic use
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Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome/epidemiology
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Pregnancy
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Pregnancy Complications/*chemically induced/epidemiology
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Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology
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*Pregnancy Outcome
4.Risk factors and drug resistance in early-onset neonatal group B streptococcal disease.
Ying-Wei WANG ; Yao-Qiang DU ; Xiao-Lin MIAO ; Guang-Yong YE ; Yi-Yun WANG ; Ai-Bo XU ; Yun-Zhong JING ; Yu TONG ; Kai XU ; Mei-Qin ZHENG ; Dong CHEN ; Zhen WANG
Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B 2018;19(12):973-978
In recent years, group B streptococcus (GBS) has become an important pathogen that causes infections in many neonatal organs, including the brain, lung, and eye (Ballard et al., 2016). A series of studies performed on GBS infections in western countries have revealed that GBS is one of the primary pathogens implicated in perinatal infection, and GBS infections are a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in the United States (Decheva et al., 2013). In China, GBS is mainly found by screens for adult urogenital tract and perinatal infections, and neonatal GBS infections have been rarely reported. The incidence rate of early-onset neonatal GBS disease is thought to be lower in China than in western countries; however, this data is controversial since it also reflects the clinical interest in GBS (Dabrowska-Szponar and Galinski, 2001).
Adult
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Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use*
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China/epidemiology*
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Drug Resistance
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Drug Resistance, Bacterial
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Female
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Humans
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Incidence
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Mothers
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Parity
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Pregnancy
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Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis*
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Risk Factors
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Streptococcal Infections/drug therapy*
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Streptococcus agalactiae
5.Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in Pregnant Women.
Min Young LEE ; Myeong Hee KIM ; Woo In LEE ; So Young KANG ; You La JEON
Yonsei Medical Journal 2016;57(5):1271-1275
Mycoplasma hominis (M. hominis) and Ureaplasma urealyticum (U. urealyticum) are important opportunistic pathogens that cause urogenital infections and complicate pregnancy. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, effects on pregnancy outcomes, and antimicrobial susceptibilities of M. hominis and U. urealyticum. We tested vaginal swabs obtained from 1035 pregnant women for the presence of genital mycoplasmas between June 2009 and May 2014. The laboratory and clinical aspects of genital mycoplasmas infection were reviewed retrospectively, and the identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of genital mycoplasmas were determined using the Mycoplasma IST-2 kit. A total of 571 instances of M. hominis and/or U. urealyticum were detected. Of them, M. hominis was detected in two specimens, whereas U. urealyticum was detected in 472 specimens. The remaining 97 specimens were positive for both M. hominis and U. urealyticum. Preterm deliveries were frequently observed in cases of mixed infection of M. hominis and U. urealyticum, and instances of preterm premature rupture of membrane were often found in cases of U. urealyticum. The rates of non-susceptible isolates to erythromycin, empirical agents for pregnant women, showed increasing trends. In conclusion, the prevalence of M. hominis and/or U. urealyticum infections in pregnant women is high, and the resistance rate of antimicrobial agents tends to increase. Therefore, to maintain a safe pregnancy, it is important to identify the isolates and use appropriate empirical antibiotics immediately.
Adolescent
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Adult
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Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology/therapeutic use
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Female
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Humans
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Infant, Newborn
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Microbial Sensitivity Tests
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Middle Aged
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Mycoplasma Infections/drug therapy/*epidemiology
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Mycoplasma hominis/*drug effects/physiology
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Pregnancy
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Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy/*epidemiology
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Pregnancy Outcome
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Prevalence
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Retrospective Studies
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Ureaplasma Infections/drug therapy/*epidemiology
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Ureaplasma urealyticum/*drug effects/physiology
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Young Adult