The operative treatment of hydrocephalus has been quite challenging to neurosurgeon, because so many kinds of complications were stirred by the procedure even though the operative technique has been steadily improved. All the more they were hardly managed with ease. In the paper, the authors trix to analyze post-shunt complications of 64 patients seen frm 1980 to 1987, to find out any precipitating factors of the complications and to suggest the way to overcome the factors. The rate of post-shunt complication was 31.5%, and the most common complications were shunt malfunction(14.1%), subdural fluid accumulation(10.9%) and infection(9.4%).
Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Precipitating Factors

No abstract available.
Precipitating Factors* ; Vitiligo*

212 cases of hypertensive intracerebral hematoma were treated and followed for more than 3 months. The outcome was analysed in point of comparison between conservative treatment and operative treatment. The precipitating factors on prognosis depend on size and site of hematoma, level of mental deterioration, and blood pressure on admisson. Operative treatment showed better outcome than conservative treatment in cases of severly mentally deteriorated patients, large hematoma, and pontine hematoma.
Blood Pressure ; Hematoma* ; Humans ; Precipitating Factors ; Prognosis

Keratoelastoidosis marginalis is a rare skin disorder. Clinically it consists of small, firm, linear hyperkeratotic papules, characteristically along the margin of the hands. Histopathologically it shows hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, solar elastosis, and degeneration of collagen and elastic fibers. Long-term ultraviolet radiation exposure and chronic trauma are considered to be precipitating factors. Herein, we report a case of keratoelastoidosis marginalis and a review of the related literature.
Collagen ; Elastic Tissue ; Hand ; Precipitating Factors ; Skin

False aneurysm has been recognized for many years. Incomplete severance of an artery as the result of trauma is thought to be the precipitating factors in the formation of false aneurysm. False aneurysm of the peripheral artery is presented with pulsating mass and may show extrinsic indentations of the adjacent bone with or without neurovascular symptoms, mimicking a malignant tumor. But careful history taking can reveal a proceeding deep penetrating injury variable period prior to development of symptoms. We are reporting two cases of false aneurysm of the superior gluteal artery and superficial femoral artery in each after trauma.
Aneurysm, False ; Arteries ; Femoral Artery ; Precipitating Factors

While acute anemia is regarded as a precipitating factor of ischemic stroke, there have been few reports on the evolution of infarction in the acute period of ischemic stroke by anemia. We describe a 71-year-old man with acute multiple territory infarction who had progressive neurologic deficits of paraparesis and dysarthria. This case suggests that sustained severe anemia due to intractable intestinal bleeding is an important cause of aggravation of ischemic stroke.
Anemia ; Dysarthria ; Hemorrhage ; Infarction ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Paraparesis ; Precipitating Factors ; Stroke

No abstract available.
Animals* ; Gout ; Inflammation* ; Iron ; Models, Animal* ; Precipitating Factors*

PURPOSE: Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKR) requires frame positioning because the treatment target should be as close as possible to the center of the frame. The purpose of this study was to identify the level of pin-fixing (PFP) and removal pain (PRP), and the associated factors with the pain undergoing GKR. METHODS: A total of 116 patients who underwent GKR for their brain tumor were recruited from C University hospital located in H city, J province. The level of pain was measured by the 10 cm VAS. RESULTS: The level of PFP and PRP were 6.36 and 3.26 points, respectively. Step-wise multiple regressions found that the group who have not perceived numbness after applying 5% EMLA cream was the highest associated factor with PFP, following the time from lidocaine injection to pin-fixation, which explained 21% of total variance of the level of PFP. On the other hand, a group who did not perceive numbness after applying 10% lidocaine spray was the highest factor with PRP, among female patients, which explained 27% of total variance of the level of PRP. CONCLUSION: Both of PFP and PRP of the stereotactic frame were moderate so that nurses should consider diverse strategies to reduce pain among patients undergoing gamma knife radiosurgery.
Brain Neoplasms ; Female ; Hand ; Humans ; Hypesthesia ; Lidocaine ; Precipitating Factors ; Radiosurgery*

BACKGROUND: Although rosacea is a chronic cutaneous inflammatory disorder that's commonly seen in adults, the etiology and pathogenesis of the illness remain unclear. A well established diagnostic classification and grading system may play a critical role in performing research and it would serve as a diagnostic reference in the clinical field. OBJECTIVE: We sought to classify the patients with the new standard classification and grading system and we wanted determine the peculiar features and relationships of each subtype. We also analyzed the relationships between the degree of sun exposure and each subtype. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records and clinical photos of 168 patients who were diagnosed with rosacea from 2002 to 2007 at our hospital. The standard classification and grading system suggested by the National Rosacea Society (NRS) Expert Committee was adopted to evaluate each patient's subtype and the severity. RESULTS: The male:female ratio was 1:2.29. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 47.8 years. The mean duration of disease was 3.5 years. Sun exposure and hot baths/exercise were the two most common precipitating factors, while the majority of patients did not have any specific factor that relieved their symptoms. According to the NRS classification and grading system, the patients were classified into four subtypes. One hundred sixty two (96.4%) patients were diagnosed with the erythematotelangiectatic subtype irrespective of severity. Eighty five (50.6%) patients had the papulopustular subtype and 24 (14.3%) patients had ocular rosacea. Eight (4.8%) patients displayed mild phymatous change. The degree of sun exposure had significant correlation with the development and severity of the erythematotelangiectatic subtype (p<005), while it had no correlation with the papulopustular, ocular and phymatous subtypes. CONCLUSION: Although the erythematotelangiectatic subtype was the most common subtype of rosacea, many patients also had other subtypes of rosacea simultaneously. Based on our results, we proved that ocular rosacea is an extension of the clinical spectrum of erythematotelangiectatic rosacea. In addition, the results of our study particularly suggest that sun exposure has a different influence on each subtype of rosacea.
Adult ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Precipitating Factors ; Rosacea ; Solar System

BACKGROUND: Mutations in Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) cause about 20% of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS) cases. The mechanism of late-onset disease manifestation despite the innate mutation has no clear explanation. The relationship between homocysteine (HC) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has not been investigated fully, in spite of the similarity in their pathogenesis. METHODS: We investigated the effect of HC on the motor neuronal cell-line (VSC4.1) transfected with SOD1 of either wild-type or mutant forms (G93A and A4V) using various methods including the MTT assay for the cytotoxic assay, the immunocytochemical staining using anti-SOD1 for the aggregation of SOD1, the western blotting using anti-nitrotyrosine and anti-DNPH for the oxidative protein damage, and the measurement of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration using Fura2-AM. RESULTS: In the MTT assay, the HC induced significant cytotoxicity in the mutants, as compared with wild-type. This HC-induced cytotoxicity was inhibited by the trolox and the bathocuproinedisulfonate (BC). HC increased the carbonylation and nitrosylation of the mutant proteins. HC also increased significant SOD1-aggregation in mutants. This HC-induced SOD1-aggregation in mutants was inhibited by trolox, N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, BC, and z-VAD-FMK. HC did not change the intracellular concentration of Ca2+ in the mutants compared with the wild-type. CONCLUSIONS: The authors showed that the vulnerability of the SOD1 mutant motor neuronal cells to HC involves the copper-mediated oxygen radical toxicity, and that HC may be a lifelong precipitating factor in some forms of FALS, suggesting a possible treatment modality with vitamin supplements.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ; Blotting, Western ; Homocysteine* ; Motor Neurons* ; Mutant Proteins ; Oxygen ; Precipitating Factors ; Vitamins