Objective: The large flowering plant genus Callistemon is belongs to family Myrtaceae and reported for its medical importance. Various parts of different species exhibit different medicinal importance and yet to be phytochemically investigated. In the different time various scientist have investigated the genus and reported the chemical constituents. A survey of literature on genus Callistemon reported the isolation of triterpenoids and steroids from leaves, seeds and stem bark of different species.

No abstract available.
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive*

Objectives: Obstructive Sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by complete or partial obstruction of upper airflow despite the effort to breathe, leading to hypoxemia and hypercapnia. The resultant apnea causes sleep fragmentation, which in turn increases sympathetic activity, decreases insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake, and stimulates hepatic gluconeogenesis that ultimately leads to type 2 diabetes. Most studies exploring the effect of continuous positive airway pressure on insulin sensitivity have showed a positive effect. However, there is no evidence on the effect of mandibular advancement device on insulin resistance (IR). This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of mandibular advancement splint (MAS) on IR in patients with OSA. Methods: The present study was conducted at Department of Prosthodontics, Dental College Azamgarh, from June 2015 to July 2017. Sixty eight dentulous patients with type 2 diabetes and mild to moderate OSA and with stable diabetic regimen were included in the study. A MAS was fabricated and fixed at 70% of the maximum mandibular protrusion recorded. Patients that were comfortable with MAS after one month were assessed for apnea-hypopnea index, mean oxygen saturation, and IR at baseline, 6 months, and 1 year after wearing MAS. Results: An improvement in insulin sensitivity was observed at 6 months for mild OSA patients (p=0.001). For moderate OSA patients, no significant improvement was observed following MAS use (p>0.05). Conclusions The finding suggested that MAS is effective in improving IR in mild OSA patients.

Our current knowledge of mycobacterial infections in humans has progressively increased over the past few decades. The infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis (TB) disease, which has reasoned for excessive morbidity and mortality worldwide, and has become a foremost issue of health problem globally. Mycobacterium leprae, another member of the family Mycobacteriaceae, is responsible for causing a chronic disease known as leprosy that mainly affects mucosa of the upper respiratory tract, skin, peripheral nerves, and eyes. Ample amount of existing data suggests that pathogenic mycobacteria have skilled in utilizing different mechanisms to escape or offset the host immune responses. They hijack the machinery of immune cells through the modulation of microRNAs (miRs), which regulate gene expression and immune responses of the host. Evidence shows that miRs have now gained considerable attention in the research, owing to their involvement in a broad range of inflammatory processes that are further implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases. However, the knowledge of functions of miRs during mycobacterial infections remains limited. This review summarises recent findings of differential expression of miRs, which are used to good advantage by mycobacteria in offsetting host immune responses generated against them.
Apoptosis ; Chronic Disease ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Leprosy ; Macrophages ; MicroRNAs ; Mortality ; Mucous Membrane ; Mycobacteriaceae ; Mycobacterium leprae ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Peripheral Nerves ; Respiratory System ; Skin ; Tuberculosis ; United Nations

Background/Aims: Sigmoid esophagus and/or megaesophagus are considered as an advanced stage in the natural history of achalasia cardia. The role of peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) in these subset of patients is emerging. We performed a systematic review and metanalysis to study the efficacy of POEM in advanced achalasia cardia with sigmoid and megaesophagus. Methods: A literature search in PubMed and Embase was done from inception till August 3, 2021 to look for studies reporting exclusively on the role of POEM in advanced achalasia cardia with sigmoid and/or megaesophagus. The random effect method with inverse variance approach was used for the computation of pooled prevalence. For 2 groups’ analysis of continuous outcome standardized mean difference was used as the summary measure. Results: Eleven studies with 428 patients were included for analysis. The pooled technical and clinical success was 98.27% (95% CI, 96.19-99.22; I 2 = 0%) and 89.38% (95% CI, 84.49-92.86; I 2 = 26%) and on subgroup analysis into sigmoid and megaesophagus it was (98.06% [95% CI, 95.41-99.19; I 2 = 0%], 98.47% [95% CI, 92.72-99.69; I 2 = 0%] and 87.92% [95% CI, 80.68-92.70; I 2 = 37%], 88.36% [95% CI, 62.62-97.17; I 2 = 77%]) respectively. The clinical success at < 1 year and 1-3 year follow-up was 89.37% (95% CI, 82.82-93.61; I 2 = 0%) and 88.66% (95% CI, 81.65-91.22; I 2 = 46%) respectively. There was a significant reduction in the post-POEM scores with standardized mean difference for Eckardt score (4.81), for integrated relaxation pressure at 4 seconds (1.93), and for lower esophageal sphincter pressure (2.06). Conclusions POEM is an effective modality of treatment even in the subset of patients of advanced achalasia cardia with sigmoid and megae sophagus.

Exstrophy of the bladder is a rare congenital anomaly with an incidence of about 1 per 50,000 newborns. The malignant potential of the exstrophied bladder mucosa is well known; 95% are adenocarcinomas, and 3% to 5% are squamous cell carcinomas. Most of the malignant tumors (60%) associated with an exstrophy of the bladder occur during the fourth and fifth decades of life. Of the remaining, about 20% each occur after 60 years and before 40 years. Here we present a case in which squamous cell carcinoma developed in an unrepaired exstrophy of the bladder. We present the management of the case and a brief review of the literature.
Adenocarcinoma ; Bladder Exstrophy ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Mucous Membrane ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Gummy stem blight is a major foliar disease of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.). In this study, morphological characteristics and rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences were analyzed to identify the causal organism of this disease. Morphological examination of the Jeonbuk isolate revealed that the percentage of monoseptal conidia ranged from 0% to 10%, and the average length x width of the conidia was 70 (+/- 0.96) x 32.0 (+/- 0.15) microm on potato dextrose agar. The BLAST analysis showed nucleotide gaps of 1/494, 2/492, and 1/478 with identities of 485/492 (98%), 492/494 (99%), 491/494 (99%), and 476/478 (99%). The similarity in sequence identity between the rDNA ITS region of the Jeonbuk isolate and other Didymella bryoniae from BLAST searches of GenBank was 100% and was 95.0% within the group. Nucleotide sequences of the rDNA ITS region from pure culture ranged from 98.2% to 99.8%. Phylogenetic analysis with related species of D. bryoniae revealed that D. bryoniae is a monophyletic group distinguishable from other Didymella spp., including Ascochyta pinodes, Mycosphaerella pinodes, M. zeae-maydis, D. pinodes, D. applanata, D. exigua, D. rabiei, D. lentis, D. fabae, and D. vitalbina. Phylogenetic analysis, based on rDNA ITS sequence, clearly distinguished D. bryoniae and Didymella spp. from the 10 other species studied. This study identified the Jeonbuk isolate to be D. bryoniae.
Agar ; Base Sequence ; Bryonia ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; DNA, Ribosomal ; Glucose ; Solanum tuberosum ; Spores, Fungal

Severe alcoholic hepatitis has very high short term mortality and corticosteroids have been the mainstay of treatment for decades. Patients with Lille score >0.45 are considered non-responders to steroids and have poor outcome. Recently Orthotopic Liver Transplantation (OLT) is being increasingly used as rescue treatment for these patients, without waiting for 6 months of abstinence. Liver transplant is the only rescue treatment which can potentially provide long term benefit for patients who are steroid non-responders. However, with scarcity of organs being a concern, all patients of severe alcoholic hepatitis cannot be chosen for transplantation in an arbitrary way. There is a need for development of predictive tools and objective protocols to select patients who can justify the use of precious liver grafts. With a stringent criteria for selection of patients receiving the graft, liver transplantation in severe alcoholic hepatitis can become a viable rescue therapeutic option conferring significant survival advantage of both short- and long-term basis. The optimal criteria for selection will also prevent misuse of the liver donor pool as well as to prevent mortality in salvageable patients. Further research needs to be done to identify subset of patients which are at low risk of recidivism and also cannot be managed with pharmacotherapy alone. We reviewed the current knowledge on role of OLT in patient with acute severe alcoholic hepatitis in the present review.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Alcoholics* ; Drug Therapy ; Fibrosis ; Hepatitis, Alcoholic* ; Humans ; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic ; Liver Transplantation* ; Liver* ; Mortality ; Steroids ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants

Background/Aims: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is recognized to have variable clinical manifestations. The clinical presentation of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) having COVID-19 is unclear. Methods: We identified articles reporting about the clinical presentation of COVID-19 in those with underlying IBD from PubMed and Embase. The studies, irrespective of design or language, were included. The overall pooled frequency of various symptoms was estimated. Joanna Briggs Institute Critical appraisal checklist was used to assess the quality of studies. Results: Eleven studies, including 1,325 patients, were included in the pooled analysis. The pooled estimates for clinical presentation were; fever: 67.53% (95% confidence interval [CI], 45.38–83.88), cough: 59.58% (95% CI, 45.01–72.63), diarrhea: 27.26% (95% CI, 19.51–36.69), running nose: 27% (95% CI, 15.26–43.19) and dyspnea: 25.29% (95% CI, 18.52–33.52). The pooled prevalence rates for abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting were 13.08% (95% CI, 9.24–18.19), 10.08% (95% CI, 5.84–16.85) and 8.80% (95% CI, 4.43–16.70) per 100 population, respectively. Conclusions The clinical presentation of COVID-19 in IBD patients is similar to the general population.