Introduction: Tooth extraction is a regular method in dentistry in which it will result a lesion on the socket. The healing process of the lesion might lead to complication for instance bleeding, swelling, socket drying, and spreading of the infection. However, the healing process could be helped by the use of herbal medicine for it can reducing the complication risk. 90% freeze-drying Aloe vera gel, can grow the number of macrophages cells in which they play a significant role in the healing process. The purpose of this study was to determine an increasing number of macrophage cells in the wound healing process after tooth extraction after applying 90% freeze-drying Aloe vera gel. Method: freeze-drying Aloe vera consisted in CMC Na. Cavia cobaya divided into control group, day 1 and day 3, consists of the two groups without Aloe vera treatment and Treatment group, day 1 and day 3, consists of the two group treated with Aloe vera. Results: There is significant dissimilarity in both control and treatment group. In the treatment group, the number of macrophages between days 1 and 3 has been grown. It is because of the anti-inflammatory properties of Aloe vera. The activities and number of macrophages in tissue would be disrupted, if it is inhibited. Conclusion: 90% freeze-drying Aloe vera gel extract could increase number of macrophages in the healing process after tooth extraction on Cavia cobaya in observation days 1 and 3.

Background: Traumatic ulcer is a lesion formed by a local tissue damage due to trauma on epithelial layer. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) plays an important role in wound healing, especially in angiogenesis. Golden sea cucumber (Stichopus hermanni) is believed to accelerate the wound healing process. Objective: To prove that golden sea cucumber extract can increase VEGF expression in oral mucous membrane traumatic ulcer in rat. Method: S. hermanni extract was prepared by freeze-dry method, then an extract was made using PEG 400 or PEG 4000 at 40% and 80% concentrations, respectively, and applied to the animal’s oral wounds. The animals were divided into three groups: control; 40% S. hermanni extract gel; and 80% S. hermanni extract gel. The ulcers that formed on day 3 were rubbed gently with S. hermanni extract gel. After being sacrificed on day 4, sample tissues from the lower lips were prepared for histopathology to count the number of VEGF expression. The results were analyzed using the One-Way ANOVA statistical test. Results: A significant increase in the VEGF expression of 80% concentration S. hermanni extract gel was found compared with those in the control group (p=0.00). Conclusion Golden sea cucumber extract (Stichopus hermanni) gel increased the VEGF expression in oral mucous traumatic ulcer.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

Introduction: HLA-DRB1 alleles were derived from MHC class II molecules. These alleles encoded sIgA secretion which contribute as a barrier to S. mutans colonization. HLA-DRB1 was known as genes with high mutations causing differences in peptide bond, thus affecting the progression and vulnerability to a disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of mutations in HLA-DRB1 alleles in different dental caries risk. Methods: In this study, we extracted the genomic DNA from whole blood samples of 30 patients with low level dental caries (indeks def-t < 2) as control group and high level dental caries (deft > 3) as case group. HLA-DRB1 varians were studied through genomic DNA isolation for PCR-RFLP. RFLP is analyzed through BseRI, BsaJI, RsaI, and Sau961 restriction enzymes was used in this assay. Results: The PCR-RFLP typing method was evaluated on 60 genomic DNA samples, result found that all samples were divided into 5 groups of variants, two variants in the control group and three variants in the case group. Conclusion: PCR-RFLP was shown to be a sensitive method for the detection of mutation in HLADRB1 alleles caused a dental caries level differences. HLA-DRB mutations caused changes in signal transduction and therefore contributes to imunogenetik pathway of dental caries.

Introduction: Autologous bone graft remains the method of choice for correction of osseous defects despite its shortcomings related to its limited availability, donor side effects and post-surgical potential complications of the recipient. It is imperative to develop more innovative substitute that offers little to no adverse effects. We aimed to assess the impact of addition human adiposed derived stem cell to Beta tricalcium phosphate (βTCP) and human cancellous bone in vitro. Methods: Experimental study was carried out in vitro, where βTCP and human cancellous freeze-dried bone graft were seeded onto a 24-well microplate (each well containing 2x106 hADSCs). A colorimetric assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide/MTT) was carried out for three days using the second passage of hADSCs to calculate the cell viability using ELISA reader at optical density (OD) 590nm. Results: MTT Assay showed that the percentage of viable cells in both groups were more than 70%, of which the βTCP showed significantly higher percentage than cancellous bone groups. Conclusion: This study proved that the addition of human adipose derived stem cell to βTCP and human cancellous bone in vitro is harmless and significantly improve cell viability in vitro.