Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease in which body's immune system eats away the protective sheath that covers nerves which interferes with the communication between brain and the rest of body. Ultimately this may result in deterioration of the nerves themselves a process that’s irreversible. Symptoms vary widely, depending on the amount of damage and the type of nerves affected. Patients with severe cases of multiple sclerosis may lose the ability to walk or speak. Multiple sclerosis can be difficult to diagnose early in the course of the disease because symptoms often come and go sometimes disappearing for months. There’s no cure for multiple sclerosis. However treatments can help treat attacks, modify the course of the disease and treat symptoms.

Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial activity of the petroleum ether extract of root of Buteamonosperma B. monosperma was studied against Staphylococcus faecalis (S. faecalis), Sterptococcus faecalis (S. faecalis), Aeromonas hydrophilia (A. hydrophilia), Salmonela typhae (S. typhae), Stphylococcus cohni (S. cohni), Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Serratia ficaria (S. ficaria) by using well diffusion method. Results: Petroleum ether extract of root of B. monosperma exhibited a prominent inhibitory effect against bacterial strains. Conclusion: From the result it can be concluded that the B. monosperma extract has potent in vitro antibacterial activity. (B. monosperma). Method: In vitro antibacterial activity of petroleum ether i.e.

OBJECTIVES: As the craniofacial and neck regions are prime areas of injury in bear attacks, the careful management of soft and hard tissue injuries and selection of reconstructive options is of the utmost importance. This study will review the incidence and patterns of bear mauling in eastern India reported to our department and the various modalities used for their treatment over a period of 7 years. It also documents the risks of infection in bear mauling cases and the complications that have occurred. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty cases were treated over the study period. Cases were evaluated for soft and hard tissue injuries including tissue loss and corresponding management in the craniofacial region. Cases were also evaluated for other associated injuries, organ damage and related complications. RESULTS: Various modalities of treatment were used for the management of victims, ranging from simple primary repairs to free tissue transfers. Simple primary repairs were done in 75% of cases, while the management of the injured victims required reconstruction by local, regional or distant flaps in 25%. Free tissue transfers were performed in 15% of cases, and no cases of wound infection were detected in the course of treatment. CONCLUSION: Knowledge of various reconstructive techniques is essential for managing maxillofacial injuries in bear mauling cases. Modern reconstructive procedures like free tissue transfer are reliable options for reconstruction with minimal co-morbidity and dramatic improvement in treatment outcomes.
Free Tissue Flaps ; Incidence ; India ; Maxillofacial Injuries* ; Neck ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Wound Infection

Ileal ureter is a suitable treatment option for patients with long ureteric strictures. Minimally invasive techniques have been shown to be as safe as open techniques but superior in terms of lesser trauma, less bleeding and less postoperative recovery time. In order to evaluate the feasibility and clinical efficacy of laparoscopic ileal ureter replacement, review of related literatures, indications, contraindications, surgical method, postoperative results combined with experience of our center has been done. Total 20 cases of laparoscopic ileal ureteral operation have been reviewed, the mean operation time was 195480 and blood loss was 50 ～ 375 ml and 7 Robotic ileal ureter replacement were reviewed median surgery time was 320720 min and bleeding is less then 10 ml100 ml. The operation complications include urinary leakage, intestinal obstruction, anastomotic site leakage, transient azotemia, urinary tract infection and so on. Postoperative renal function of all patients was improved in different degrees. Laparoscopic and Robotic ileal ureter replacement is feasible and can be used as an effective treatment for long ureteral injuries, although the curative effect is same as that of traditional open surgery, but Comparatively laparoscopic and robotic postoperative morbidity is less and have advantages such as it reduces surgical trauma, intraoperative bleeding, postoperative complications, less surgical scar and recovery time.The cases in the reports are limited, more cases need to be studied, and long-term results need to be assessed to establish and standardize these technique.

Objective To summarize the experience of partial tubeless mPCNL. Methods A retrospective analysis of partial tubeless mPCNL surgery experience from January 2010 to December 2016. Atotal of 1320 patients underwent mPCNL surgery in these 7 years.Out fo those 1320 patients,554 patients underwent partial tubeless mPCNL,766 patients underwent standard mPCNL,and 85 exception cases of standard mPCNL were forced to abort surgery due to maximum surgery time of 2 hours and different complications such as bleeding, infections and etc, so total of 681 patients with standard mPCNL were compared with partial tubeless mPCNL.Results The rate of partialtubeless mPCNL has increased by 84% in 2016, with an indication of tubeless mPCNL being extended, while the complication rate showed no increase. Compared with the standard mPCNL, there was no significant dif-ference between the two groups in the rate of stone removal, drop in mean hemoglobin, blood transfusion and postoperative fever. There were significant differences in postoperative analgesic use rate (5%:21%,P=0.001) and hospitalization stay (2.5:4.5d,P=0.001) . The rate of postoperative bleeding complications in partial tubeless group and standard group is 1.1%and 2.5%respectively, but difference is not statistically significant. There were 1cases of urinary extravasations in the partial tubeless group which was treated by perirenal drainage, antibiotic treatment, and 1 cases of pleural injury, which were treated by open exploration, and chest tube placement. Conclusion In compared to standard mPCNL partial tubeless mPCNL significantly increased patients postoperative comfort, shorten hospital stay,and no complications increased.Partial tubless mPCNL is a safe and practicable procedure.

Background: High blood glucose levels in diabetes lead to vascular inflammation which accelerates atherosclerosis. Herein, Morin was orally administered in male Wistar rats, at the dose of 40 mg/kg for 28 days, and on the 27th and 28th day, ISO was administered to designate groups at the dose of 85 mg/kg s.c., to induce myocardial infarction. Results: Free radical generation, including ROS, in diabetes following ISO administration, leads to the activation of both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis. Morin significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced oxidative stress (GSH, MDA, SOD), cardiac injury markers (CK-MB, LDH), inflammation (TNF, IL-6), and apoptosis (Bax, ­BCl 2 , Caspase-3). In addition, it also reduced insulin and blood glucose levels. Akt/eNOS, Nrf2/HO-1, MAPK signaling pathways, and Insulin signal transduction pathways were positively modulated by morin pre-treatment. Conclusions Morin attenuated oxidative stress and inflammation and also modified the activity of various molecular pathways to mitigate cardiomyocyte damage during ISO-induced MI in diabetic rats.

Coalescence of traditional medicine Ayurveda and in silico technology is a rigor for supplementary development of future-ready effective traditional medicine. Ayurveda is a popular traditional medicine in South Asia, emanating worldwide for the treatment of metabolic disorders and chronic illness. Techniques of in silico biology are not much explored for the investigation of a variety of bioactive phytochemicals of Ayurvedic herbs. Drug repurposing, reverse pharmacology, and polypharmacology in Ayurveda are areas in silico explorations that are needed to understand the rich repertoire of herbs, minerals, herbo-minerals, and assorted Ayurvedic formulations. This review emphasizes exploring the concept of Ayurveda with in silico approaches and the need for Ayurinformatics studies. It also provides an overview of in silico studies done on phytoconstituents of some important Ayurvedic plants, the utility of in silico studies in Ayurvedic phytoconstituents/formulations, limitations/challenges, and prospects of in silico studies in Ayurveda. This article discusses the convergence of in silico work, especially in the least explored field of Ayurveda. The focused coalesce of these two domains could present a predictive combinatorial platform to enhance translational research magnitude. In nutshell, it could provide new insight into an Ayurvedic drug discovery involving an in silico approach that could not only alleviate the process of traditional medicine research but also enhance its effectiveness in addressing health care.
Network Pharmacology ; Medicine, Traditional ; Medicine, Ayurvedic ; Drug Discovery/methods* ; Delivery of Health Care

Objective　There are a few researches on the mechanism of stress urinary incontinence (SUI). The article aimed to examine the changes of COX-2 expression in the urethra, vagina and urethral smooth muscle of SUI rat mode to evaluate the effect of estrogen on COX-2 expression. Methods　Sixty unbearing healthy female SD rats and fifteen male SD rats were gathered for spontaneous delivery. SUI rat models were constructed using expanded vagina, expanded vagina + ovariectomy respectively after delivery, which were expanded vagina group and expanded vagina + ovariectomy group. Six successfully modeled rats were chosen for the follow-up experiment. SD rats modeled after normal pregnancy were the control group. Sneezing experiment and urodynamic examination were used to examine the maximum bladder capacity (MBC) and abdominal leak point pressure (ALPP). Fluorescent quantitative PCR and western blot were applied to detect the expressions of COX-2 mRNA and protein, and immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of COX-2 in urethra, vagina and urethral smooth muscle. Results Compared with control group, ALPP in two experimental groups were significantly decreased, among which ALPP in expanded vagina + ovariectomy group was significantly decreased in comparison to expanded vagina group(P<0.05). Compared with control group, the expressions of COX-2 mRNA and protein in expanded vagina group and expanded vagina+ovariectomy group were significantly higher, among which the figures in expanded vagina+ovariectomy group were significantly higher than those in expanded vagina group(P<0.05). The result of immunohistochemistry showed staining intensity integral expression of COX-2 in vaginal tissues of control group, expanded vagina group and expanded vagina+ovariectomy group were 0.50±0.54, 5.55±0.54, 9.33±0.81, so differences between any two groups were of statistical significance(P<0.05); staining intensity integral expression of COX-2 in urethral smooth muscle of control group, expanded vagina group and expanded vagina+ovariectomy group were 0.66±0.51, 5.33±0.51, 8.50±0.54, so differences between any two groups were of statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusion The expression of COX-2 was related to the mechanism of SUI. The decrease of estrogen may increase the expression of COX-2 in SUI rats, which supports the treatment of SUI.