The mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)is a ser/threonine protein kinase,which belongs to the family of phosphatidylinositol trioxolase-related kinases.By influencing key factors such as AKT,4EBP1 and S6K1,play an important role in the development of tumors.Synovial sarcoma(SS)is a highly malignant soft tissue sarcoma,early surgery and chemotherapy is the mainstream of the current treatment.However,late survival rate is still not ideal.In order to provide A new direction for treatment of synovial sarcoma is provided through the reseach of signaling pathway conduction.In this paper,recent studies on mTOR and synovial sarcoma are re-viewed.

Angiogenesis is the physiological process of generating new blood vessels from existing net-works.In the tumor microenvironment,the dynamic balance of a growing tumor facilitates the transition to persis-tent angiogenesis.Antiangiogenic drugs have been used in a variety of solid tumors,including lung cancers,by re-sisting tumor angiogenesis and inhibiting tumor growth,since human recognized its ability.In this paper,recent re-search status of tumor angiogenesis and non-small cell lung cancer anti-angiogenesis are reviewed in details.

Breast cancer is one of the highest incidence of cancer in women,most frequent sites of metas-tasis are the lung,bone,liver,and central nervous system.The incidence of central nervous system metastasis is a-bout 15%.At present,there are Wnt and Notch pathways,EGFR and PTEN pathways,which may be related to the brain metastases in breast cancer.There may be related to VEGF and Stat 3,tubulin and TOP2A,BNC1,GALNT9, CCDC8,HER2,HER3,MMP,FBPS,sarcosine and other factors.This paper summarizes the signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms that may lead to brain metastases in breast cancer,and we hope to provide new ideas for targeted therapy of brain metastases in breast cancer.

Primary pulmonary mucinous adenocarcinoma with a low incidence,a subtype of lung adeno-carcinoma,occurs in adult males because of its no significant clinical specificity,likely to cause misdiagnosis,and patients with adverse prognosis.Thus,we need further to understand this disease and early diagnosis through a va-riety of methods as soon as possible.Surgical treatment is still the preferred mode of this disease.With addition to resecting lesions,it is also further pathological diagnosis,gene testing,tumor staging and prognosis as well as prep-aration for following-up chemotherapy.In recent years,with the continuous development of genetic technology and innovation,the occurrence of this disease has been found to be related to KRAS gene mutation,ALK gene re-arrangement and its related signal pathway.Related gene mutations and signaling pathways can serve as a target for the treatment of this disease,which provides a variety of ideas for the development of new targeted drugs.How-ever,there are still many problems that need further study,including standard chemotherapy for primary pulmona-ry mucinous adenocarcinoma,drug resistance to targeted drugs, and the development of new KRAS inhibitors.This article reviews the definition of primary pulmonary mucinous adenocarcinoma and pathogenesis,diagnosis and some of the latest treatment methods.

The current detection of serum tumor markers is still considered to be one of convenient and effective means for early diagnosis of tumor and monitoring tumor progression.Golgi phosphoprotein 2(GOLPH2) is a type Ⅱ transmembrane protein presenting in the Golgi apparatus.In recent years,many studies have suggested that GOLPH2 is one of the most promising early serum markers for early diagnosis of tumor.In addition,many studies have beer shown that GOLPH2 is related to prognosis of lung cancer,gastric cancer,prostate cancer and other cancer-related prognosis involved in immune regulation,intracellular signal factor activation and degrada-tion and promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT).Through these mechanisms to promote tumor pro-gression and metastasis,GOLPH2 reduces the disease-free survival(DFS)and overall survival(OS).In this pa-per,we review the role of GOLPH2 in the progress and a variety of malignant tumors.

Acute promyelocytic leukemia(APL)is a class of malignant disease of hematopoietic tissue. Animal models are important tools for exploring human-related diseases.Many studies have beer shown that APL mouse models can be established by transgenic,retroviral-mediated and leukemia cell transplantation.These models established by these three methods can be re-transplanted.The establishment of these models lays the foundation for understanding the pathogenesis and efficacy of APL.In order to determine whether the model is successfully established,these methods can be used for blood tests,blood smear and bone marrow smear,immunol-ogy,molecular biology and pathology related to complete the examination.Successful establishment of APL animal model can provide important experimental basis and theoretical basis for the study,development and evaluation of drug efficacy in APL,which will help people to understand human APL further.

Gastrointestinal tumor chemotherapy resistance makes many patients be fail treatment,and its mechanism is unclear.The long-chain non-coding RNA(LncRNA)was found in the transcription,transcription and epigenetic,and other aspects of the regulation of the pathophysiology of the body.Many studies have found that LncRNA is also closely related to gastrointestinal cancer resistance drugs.LncRNA is not only closely related to the ten characteristics of the tumor,but it also regulates gastrointestinal cancer resistance by the impact of drug transporter,competitive endogenous RNA in the way of action,affecting tumor cell apoptosis,and regulating epi-thelial mesenchymal transition process.This article will review gastrointestinal cancer-related LncRNA and its participation in gastrointestinal resistance mechanism.

Breast paget's disease is a rare form of breast cancer,proposed by James Paget's in 1874.The pathogenesis of Paget's disease has been controversial;there are two main theories are epiphytic theory and trans-formation theory.In recent years,with the pathogenesis of breast Paget's disease development,some new hypothe-ses are input such as factor and receptor theory,endocrine theory and virus theory.Breast Paget's treatment meth-ods include improved radical surgery,simple breast resection,breast conserving surgery and other surgical treat-ment,according postoperative pathology combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy.For those who have strong breast protection or plastic surgery will be given to patients with photodynamic therapy for neoadjuvant therapy. This paper reviews the relevant theories and hypotheses about the pathogenesis of mammary gland by collecting re-lated literatures in recent years.

Multiple primary carcinomas(MPC),also known as multiple cancer,refers to single or multi-ple organ tissues occur more than two primary cancer in the same patient.In this case,it has been found multiple simultaneous cancers within 6 months.It is called metachronous cancer,which multiple cancers come from differ-ent original cancers more than 6 months.It is reported that there is a low incidence rate of multiple primary carci-nomas,which is largely influenced by radiotherapy and chemotherapy.Multiple primary cancers are easy to be confused with metastatic tumors in clinical practice,both of them are quite different in terms of treatment and prognosis.Therefore,it is helpful to improve the survival of patients by timely diagnosis and treatment.This article reported a case of multiple primary carcinomas.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of flow cytometry on peripheral blood T cell subsets in patients with malignant lymphoma and its relationship with clinicopathological and tumor types.Methods Ninety-eight patients with malignant lymphoma treated in our hospital from August 2014 to September 2016 were selected as the study group.Ninety-eight healthy subjects were selected as the control group.The peripheral blood T cell subsets(CD3 +,CD4 +,CD8 +,CD4 +/CD8 +)were detected in patients and healthy controls by flow cytometry.Results The levels of CD3 +and CD4 +/CD8 +in the study group were (55.63±11.25)and(1.32±0.62),respectively,which were significantly lower than those(68.96±12.63)and (1.59±0.59)of the control group(P<0.05).The levels of CD4 +and CD8 +were(33.67±8.14)and(26.02±4.67),respectively in the study group,were no difference from the control group(34.12±8.33)and(25.67±4.53)(P>0.05).The levels of CD3+and CD4 +/CD8 +in patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma were(54.63±11.36),(1.22±0.65),respectively,and(55.52±12.02),(1.34±0.71)for non-hodgkin lymphoma.They were significantly decreoseg in the control group(68.96±12.63 for CD3 +and 1.59±0.59 for CD4 +/CD8 +) (P<0.05).The level of CD4 +and CD8 +were no difference amoupst Hodgkin's lymphoma(33.78±8.23 for CD4 +and 25.74±4.88 for CD8 +),non-Hodgkin's lymphoma(25.74±4.88 for CD4 +and 33.62±8.74 for CD8 +)and control group(34.12±8.33 for CD4 +and 25.67±4.53 for CD8 +)(P>0.05).The levels of CD3 +,CD4+and CD4 +/CD8 +in patients with Ⅲ ~Ⅳ stage malignant lymphoma were(52.66±12.47), (28.25±6.32)and(1.30±0.62),respectively,which were significantly lower than those(68.96±12.63), (34.12±8.33)and(1.59±0.59)in the control group(P<0.05).The level of CD3 +in patients with phase Ⅰ-Ⅱ malignant lymphoma(58.63±11.85)was significantly lower than that in the control group(68.96±12.63)(P<0.05).The level of CD8 +in patients with phase Ⅰ-Ⅱ malignant lymphoma(29.63±3.57)was significantly higher than that in the control group(25.67±4.53)(P<0.05).Conclusion The detection of peripheral blood T cell subsets by flow cytometry can be used as an important methods to diagnose the disease,staging and immune status of patients with malignant lymphoma,which has high application value.