Chronic inflammation of intestine mucosal has been considered as a critical component of colorectal cancer development.Recently,the studies based on high throughput sequencing of colorectal cancer patients released a potential molecular subtype of colorectal cancer,characterized by wound healing and innate immune genes.It suggests that a probably mechanism described by a subset of cells that may be dependent on inflammatory cells and cytokines of tumor development,extremely expanding our insight of cell malignant transformation,and highlight the anti-inflammation treatment.This article will review the normal mechanism of intestine mucosal renewal,wound healing and malignant transformation.

The tumor microenvironment plays a vital role in the process of tumorigenesis and development.Studies have been confirmed that the tumor microenvironment heterogeneity has a huge impact on the tumor efficacy and drug resistance.This review summarizes the relationship between immune cells and related immune factors in tumor microenvironment as well as vascular endothelial cell heterogeneity and tumor progression and prognosis.So it is better help us understand the tumor microenvironment heterogeneity for the impact of the tumor.This will conduce to us through a variety of methods to enhance the body's anti-tunor ability by inhibi-ting and killing tumor cells.

Grainhead-like 2 (GRHL2) is one of the homologous genes of Drosophila granule head-like gene in mammals,which is a kind of Drosophila granule head transcription factor.In normal organisms,GRHL2 is involved in the regulation of epithelial cell differentiation and development.In tumors,GRHL2 is complex.GRHL2 not only inhibits tumorigenesis,but it also promotes tumor formation,especially epithelial origin of malignant tumors mostly involving epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process.Further study of the relationship between GRHL2 and tumor will provide a new idea for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients.The relationship between GRHL2 and tumor is reviewed in this paper.

Multiple myeloma is a more common malignant disease in blood medicine,which is characterized by hyper-proliferation and accumulation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow,resulting in a large number of monoclonal immunoglobulins and their fragments,leading to damage to the terminal organs.Of which about 80％ of patients have multiple myeloma bone diseases (MBD),which seriously affected the quality of life and prognosis of patients.We have found that the main cause of MBD are contributed to inhibition of osteoblasts,activation of osteoclast and affecting the occurrence by a variety of cytokines and pathways.This article will review and introduce the occurrence and development of MBD related to the latest factors and treatment.

Objective The objectives of this study were to analyze the results of lung cancer screening from 9265 urban residents in Urumqi from year 2014 to 2016,and to evaluate the significance of early diagnosis and treatment of cancer for the lung cancer prevention.Methods A total of 31,177 people with high risk of lung cancer were assessed by cancer risk questionnaire surveyed from 40 to 69 years old residents in Urumqi.High-risk groups were assigned to low-dose spiral CT scan in Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University.Results 9,265 people were scanned with low dose spiral CT and overall completion rate was 29.7％.There had 11.9％ detection rate in 1,005 people who were scanned positive pulmonary nodules.The detection rate was 31.9％ for 2,955 people who were scanned solid nodules(＜5 mm) and 2.5％ for 236 people who had the non solid nodules(＜ 8 mm).After screening,14 patients were diagnosed by pathology and the detection rate was 0.2％.The emphysema,pulnonary cysts,pulmonary bullae and other related lung disease were detected in 4,095 people and the detection rate was 44.2％.Conclusion The lung health status of Urumqi residents was found by a wide range of lung cancer screening,and the awareness of lung cancer prevention and control was greatly improved.It provided the basis for the establishment of effective prevention and treatment system,which was helpful to improve the early diagnosis and treatment rate of lung cancer.

Objective The objective of this study was to observed the effect of target control intravenous (TCI) anesthesia and intravenous inhalational anesthesia in the postoperative cognitive function in elderly patients with intracranial tumor at different time points.Methods Seventy patients were divided into the experimental and control groups according to the different methods of intraoperative anesthesia.The experimental group was selected to treat with propofol combined with remifentanil TCI anesthesia,and the control group was treated with intravenous anesthetics combined with inhalation isoflurance.Recovery time of respiration,time of opening eyes,extuation time,orientation recovery time,OAAS score before and after operation,and cognitive function (MMSE)were observed in two groups.Results They were no differences in the recovery time of respiration,time of opening eyes and extubation time in two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The orientation recovery time in the experimental group was 20.4 ± 5.8 min and 23.2 ± 4.3 min in the control group.They had significantly different between experimental and control groups (P ＜ 0.05).The time of extubation,leaving the operating room and after 1 h of extubation,OAAS point for the experimental group was 3.3 ± 0.5,4.2 ± 0.4,4.6 ± 0.6 min,respectively,and 2.3 ± 0.2,3.3± 0.4,3.9 ± 0.3 in the control group,respectively.They were significantly different between the experimental and control groups(P ＜ 0.05).Prior to treatment,there was no significant difference in MMSE score between the two groups(P ＞0.05).MMSE score was 25.0 ±0.4 and 27.9 ± 1.1 in the experimental group after treatment for 24 h and 48 h,respectively.MMSE score in the control group was 23.2 ±0.9 and 25.8 ± 1.3 after treatment for 24 and 48 h,respectively.There had a significant different from two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion For elderly patients with intracranial tumor surgery,TCI anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil is stable and awake,and the effect on postoperative cognitive function is relatively small.

Objective The objective of this study was to observe the short-term and long-term curative effects of minimally invasive surgical treatment combined with chemotherapy of localized nasopharyngeal carcinoma in patients,and to clarify the necessity of combination therapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods Sixty-two patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were enrolled in our hospital from March 2011 to September 2011.The patients were divided into the observation and control groups by random number table method.The patients in observation group were given the application of minimally invasive surgery with postoperative combined chemotherapy with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil after nasal endoscopic resection.The patients in the control group were given single application of minimally invasive surgical treatment of nasal endoscopic resection.The patients in two groups were observed the efficiency,survival rate and postoperative quality of life after surgery for 1 year or 5 years.Results The effective rate was 83.87％ and 100％ for the survival rate in the observation group after surgery for 1 year;the effective rate was 58.06％ and 87.10％ for the survival rate in the control group.There was significant different between the observation and control groups (P ＜ 0.05).The survival and survival rates were significantly higher than those in the control group after surgery for 5 years (P ＜ 0.05).After surgery 1 year,the scores of the patients in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The combination of cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of minimally invasive endoscopic nasopharyngeal resection combined with postoperative chemotherapy can significantly improve the short-and long-term survival rates,long-term effective rate,and quality of life in tumor patients after surgery.This is suitable for clinical application.

Objective The objectives of this study were to investigate the relationship between DKK1 protein expression and lymph node invasion,and prognosis in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.Methods From January 2005 to December 2012,78 patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma were treated with endoscopic resection.Tissue microarray of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and adjacent tissues were done and biochemical indexes were measured before operation.The patients were recruited every 3 months after operation.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the recurrence-free survival curve and the overall survival curve.The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the multivariate analysis and to determine the factors that affect the disease-free survival(RFS)and overall survival(OS).Results There were significant differences in the expression of GGT,hepatic portal lymph node invasion,Child-Pugh grade,MMP9 and DKK1 protein in the negative and positive expression of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(P ＜ 0.05).The positive expression rate of DKK1 protein in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma was 35.90％ (28/78),and the positive expression rate of DKK1 protein in hilar cholangiocarcinoma was 14.10％ (11/78).RFS and OS in 78 cases of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma were 51.28％ (40/78) and 50.00％ (38/78),41.03 ％ (32/78) and 38.46％ (30/ 78),25.64％ (20/78) and 23.08％ (18/78) after surgery for 1,3 and 5 years,respectively.The results from univariate and multivariate analysis showed that GGT,CA19-9,CEA,tumor size,DKK1 and hilar lymph node invasion were the prognostic factors of OS in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.CEA,tumor size,DKK1 and hilar lymph node involvement were prognostic factors for RFS in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.DKK1 protein expression positive and negative OS curve or RFS curve showed that 5 years after intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients DKK1 protein expression positive and negative OS were 28.20％ and 20.51％;RFS were 24.36％ and 21.79％.Conclusion The expression of DKK1 protein is closely related to lymph node invasion in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.The expression of DKK1 protein is the prognostic factor of OS and RFS in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Objective The objective of this study was to investigate effects of lycopene(LP) on the proliferation and apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells and to explore its mechanism.Methods HepG2 cells in logarithmic growth phase were treated with 0,5,10,20 μg/mL of LP and 40 μg/mL of Cisplatin for 48 h.Ten replicates in each dose were designed in this study.After treatments,the cell viability was measured by MTT colorimetric assay.The distribution of cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry(FCM).The mRNA expression of Bax and Bcl-2 were measured by RT-PCR.The expression of Caspase-3 protein was explored by Western blot.Results The inhibition rate of HepG2 cells was significantly increased by 10 μg/mL and 20μ g/mL of LP or 40 μg/mL of cisplatin when compared to the negative control group.The cell cycle of HepG2 cells were arrested at the G0/G1 phase and the apoptosis rate were significantly increased in comparison with the negative control group.The level of Bax mRNA expression was significantly increased and decreased in the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA.They were shown an increasing ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and up-regulated Caspase-3 protein in HepG2 cells treated with LP.All effects in this study show a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion LP can inhibit the proliferation and promote the apoptosis in HepG2 cells.This mechanism may be contributed to arresting cell cycle and regulating gene expression related to apoptosis.

Objective The relationship between the clinicopathological features and the prognosis of breast cancer patients was evaluated by the expression of EPB41L4A-AS2 in breast cancer tissues.Methods The relationship between the expression of EPB41L4A-AS2 and the clinical features of breast cancer was evaluated by using the genome meta analysis,TCGA and Gene Expression Library(GEO) datasets.The correlation between EPB41L4A-AS2 and apoptotic pathway was verified by Western blotting.Results The results from Meta -analysis,TCGA and GEO datasets showed that EPB41L4A-AS2 was low in breast cancer tissues and was positively correlated with poor clinical and pathological features.EPB41L4A-AS2 was confirmed an association with the classical apoptosis pathway in breast cancer cell lines.In the meta-analysis of GEO,we found the high expression of EPB41L4A-AS2 with good prognosis.Conclusion EPB41L4A-AS2 inhibits tumor formation and has a high value in clinical prognosis of breast cancer.