Objective To investigate whether overexpression of VHL can inhibit the growth and metasta-sis of colon cancer .Methods Adenovirus vectors containing VHL were used to overexpress VHL protein in vitro and in vivo.The proliferation,apoptosis and migration of colon cancer cells CT 26 were examined in vitro.The ex-pressions of related proteins were detected by Western blot analysis .Subcutaneous and liver metastasis of colon cancer models were established and the therapeutic effects were evaluated .Results Overexpression of VHL pro-tein inhibited the proliferation and invasion of CT26,and promoted the apoptosis of CT26 via the regulation of COX-2,Bcl-2 and MMP-9.Overexpression of VHL protein inhibited the growth of subcutaneous colon cancer and liver metastasis in vivo .Conclusion Overexpression of VHL protien can inhibit the growth and metastasis of colon cancer ,and enhance the apoptosis of colon cancer ,indicating that VHL can be used as a potential target for colon cancer therapy .

Objective To identify factors that might affect establishing pregnancy following conservative treatment by medroxyprogesterone acetate ( MPA)for well -differentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma ( EC) or a-typical endometrial hyperplasia(AEH).Methods A retrospective study of 65 patients with EC/AEH were divid-ed into a pregnancy group ( n=34 ) and a non -pregnancy group ( n=31 ) .The influent factors on establishing pregnancy were detected by statistical analysis .Results There was no significant difference in clinical character-istics between pregnancy group and non -pregnancy group .There were significantly different between pregnancy group and non-pregnancy in the duration of MPA administration ,the time to disappearance of lesions ,the age of pregnancy permission ,the number of D&C procedures performed ,and endometrial thickness during ovulation ( P<0.05).The multivariate logistic regression analysis identified that the recurrence (OR=2.323,P=0.015),endo-metrial thickness during ovulation (OR=0.283,P <0.001),and age of pregnancy permission (OR=2.524,P=0.039) were significant factors affecting pregnancy outcomes .Conclusion Recurrence, endometrial thickness during ovulation ,and the age of the pregnancy permission were considered to affect pregnant establishment follow -ing conservative treatment with MPA .Assisted reproductive technology immediately after achieving tumor disap-pearance by MPA would therefore be beneficial for patients with disease recurrence ,thin endometrium ,or a higher age of pregnancy permission .

Objective To discuss the relationship between FokI gene polymorphism and colorectal canc-er.Method The references that met the inclusive criteria were assessed .The extracted data were summarized in the form of tables .Data were analyzed by heterogeneity test .Meta-analysis was conducted by using fixed effects model or random effects model .Results Fifteen experimental studies were included in this study ,including 7, 859 colorectal cancer patients and 9,933 controls.The association between VDR gene FokI and colorectal cancer was expressed as the odds ratio(OR)and 95% confidence interval(CI).FokI recessive genetic model,ff versus FF+Ff,ORrecessive=1.01(95% CI=0.87~1.17,I2 =54%,P=0.91),ORdominant =0.94(95% CI=0.83~1.06,I2 =64%,P=0.30);allele model,fversus F,OR=0.98(95% CI=0.89~1.08,I2 =71%,P=0.72).In subgroup analysis,recessive genetic model,ORCaucasian race =0.95(95% CI=0.86~1.05,I2 =0%,P=0.33);ORyellow race=1.12(95%CI=0.77~1.63,I2 =72%,P=0.54).In subgroup analysis,dom-inant gene model,ORCaucasian race =0.95(95% CI=0.86~1.04,I2 =27%,P=0.29);ORyellow race =0.89(95%CI=0.65~1.22,I2 =78%,P=0.47).In subgroup analysis,allele model,ORCaucasian race=0.97 (95%CI=0.90~1.04,I2 =31%,P=0.38);ORyellow race =1(95% CI =0.79 ~1.27,I2 =82%,P=1.00).Conclusion Our results suggested that in VDR gene FokI ,F and f alleles were not obviously directly correlated with colorectal cancer .No difference was found between Asian and Caucasian .The conclusions in other populations should be further identified by extensive experimental studies .

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid mediated photody-namic therapy(ALA-PDT)in combination with recombinant human interferon alpha 2b ointment on superficial basal cell carcinoma(BCC)in elderly.Methods A total of 143 elderly patients with superficial BCC was ran-domly divided into PDT group(n=72 cases)and the surgical group(n=71 cases).The patients in the two groups were given the ALA-PDT in combination with IFN-α2b and routine surgical treatment respectively .The effica-cy after treatment was observed according to surgical wound area , lesion area , recurrence and security during 1 year follow-up.Results The results displayed the complete remission rate of lesion in the PDT group was sig-nificantly higher than that in the surgical group (81.94%vs.57.75%,P<0.05)after treatment,and the total ef-fective rate of BCC was also higher than that in the surgical group ,but no significant difference was identified in the two groups(91.66%vs.81.73%,P>0.05).During 1 year follow-up after treatment,the results showed the rate of recurrence in the PDT group was significantly lower than that in the surgical group (9.72% vs.22. 54%,P<0.05).Moreover,the mean wound area,the lesion area in the PDT group after treatment were also sig-nificantly smaller than that in the surgical group (P<0.05).Conclusion ALA-PDT in combination with IFN is an effective method with lower recurrence and minor trauma in the treatment of superficial basal cell carcino -ma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) is one of the commonest malignant tumors in China .The therapeutic effects of conventional therapies including surgery resection at early stage ,chemotherapy or radiothera-py are greatly less than expected .One of the most possible reasons is the blockage of apoptosis in HCC cells .This review collects literatures about the studies on the roles of key signal pathways including RA ,STAT3,PDT,p53,β-catenin,TRAIL,microRNA and RAS in HCC therapy .This study may contribute greatly to providing outline in-sights for using apoptosis induction in liver cancer therapy .We hope it can promote the development liver cancer therapy in China .

Endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule -1 ( ELAM -1 ) is a member of the cell adhesion molecules,which plays a great role in the distant metastasis of tumor in ligand interactions between sLe (x)and sLe(a).Recently,it becomes a new research hotspot on applying ELAM -1 in targeted cancer therapy.Many studies results show that by regulation of ELAM -1 in biological effects ,such as ELAM-1 and ligand inhibitors , monoclonal antibody ,targeting gene ,and other mediates of the path of blocking therapy ,thereby inhibiting or bloc-king tumor distant metastasis ,so as to achieve the purpose of tumor therapy and improve the prognosis .Therefore , ELAM-1 is expected to exert a critical role in the tumor targeted therapy .In this paper ,the application value of ELAM-1 in tumor related targeted therapy is reviewed .

The unexpected discovery of cervical cancer ( UDCC) rarely occurs in clinics .Because it is di-agnosed by pathology after surgery ,the therapies are different from ordinary cervical cancer .In addition,the choice of the timing of surgery and other issues are also involved .The patient received the hysterectomy due to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia III and uterine fibroids .Postoperative pathology examination showed cervical microinva-sive carcinoma,stage IA1,and pathology without lymph -vessel invasion involvement ,the patient needs to be fol-lowed up closely postopertation .One case of the unexpected discovery of cervical cancer was reported in this pa -per.The aim is to provide a reference for clinical management .

Objective To investigate the combination of Oxycodone and Morphine Hydrochloride Injec-tion in cancer pain and breakthrough cancer pain (BtCP).Methods This study included 78 patients with moder-ate or severe cancer pain ,which was titration with Oxycodone and Morphine Hydrochloride Injection .All data were obtained from diagnosed malignant tumors and followed up in the people ′s hospital of Jiangmen city between Jan 2011 and Dec 2015.Results The first 5 days of the titration with a total Morphine Equivalent Dose (MED)be-tween 156~1 491 mg(426.46 ±286.00 mg),and a total dose of IV morphine hydrochloride injection between 2~57 mg(20.96 ±13.25 mg).The mean dose used in the treatment of BtCP was 2.23 ±2.50 mg in Phase B(8 pm~8 am)and 1.96 ±2.14 mg in Phase A(P<0.05).When the treatment begun Numerical Rating Scale (NRS)showed a significant decrease .All the patients were less likely to experience any severe side -effects. Conclusion The titration by Oxycodone and Morphine Hydrochloride Injection is a simple , safe and efficient method,with less side-effect,significantly improve the living quality .It′s a good choice in the titration of moder-ate or severe cancer pain .

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of β-catenin and p28GANK in residual hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)cells after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE).Methods We collected forty-five cases of surgical specimens of hepatocellular carcinoma after TACE ( TACE group ) and thirty cases of surgery without any treatment (pure surgery group).The expression of β-catenin and p28GANK were detected by using immunohistochemical SP method and compared between the two groups .Results The positive expression of β-catenin and p28GANK in TACE group were 77.78%and 75.56%respectively,which were significantly higher than those in pure surgery group (46.67%and 53.33%respectively,P<0.05).In the residual hepatocellular carcinoma cells of TACE group ,the positive expression of β-catenin showed correlation with the positive expression of p28GANK(Φ=0.318,P =0.033).The high expression of β-catenin and p28GANK were closely related to portal vein thrombosis and distant metastasis (P<0.05).Conclusion The ex-pression of β-catenin and p28GANK in the residual hepatocellular carcinoma cells were increased significantly after TACE.The high expression of β-catenin and p28GANK were closely related to portal vein thrombosis and distant metastasis.The high expression of β-catenin and p28GANK may be one of the reasons of hepatocellular carcinoma invasiveness and metastasis .

Objective To study the effect of pluripotency factor Nanog on the expression of the cell cy-cle related proteins,and then to explore its effect on the proliferative ability of HepG 2 cells.Methods TALENs gene editing tool was employed to induce mutation and downregulation expression of Nanog .T7 endonuclease 1 and genomic sequencing was used to analyze the mutation efficiency of Nanog .RT-PCR and western blot were used to determine the expression of mRNA and protein of Nanog ,respectively .Real-time cell based assay system was used to measure the proliferative ability of wild -type HepG2 cells and monoclonal HepG 2 cells with Nanog mutation.Results TALENs successfully induced mutation of Nanog gene .The targeting efficiency of mixed cells was analyzed by T7 endonuclease 1 approached 40%after two transfection with plasmid of Nanog -TALENs.Ad-ditionally,the Nanog mRNA expression level of monoclonal HepG 2 with Nanog mutation was downregulated by 3.4 times compared to the wild type HepG 2 cells,and the Nanog protein expression level was downregulated by 3.6 times.The cell cycle related proteins CyclinD1/D3,CyclinE1 and CDK2 expression were downregulated in monoclonal HepG2 with Nanog mutation in comparison to the wild type HepG 2 cells.Conclusion Nanog plays a role in influencing the proliferative ability of HepG 2 cells through modulating the expression of the cell cycle re-lated proteins CyclinD1/D3,CyclinE1 and CDK2.The downregulation expression of Nanog can inhibit the prolif-erative capacity of HepG 2 cells via the regulation of the cell cycle related proteins .