The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of mixed NaCl-KCl salt on sodium intake and urinary excretion of sodium and potassium. In this study, 3-day food records for pre-experimental diet and 24-hr urine collected for 2-days, 6-day experimental diet food and 24-hr urine were used to evaluate the relationship between Na metabolism. In the experimental diet food, mixed NaCl-KCl salt was added. During the pre-experimental diet period, intakes of Na and K were 178.2 mEq and 56.4 mEq, respectively. The urinary excretion of Na and K in 24-hr were 139.6 mEq, 27.7 mEq, respectively and urinary Na/K ratio was 6.6. During the experimental diet period, intakes of Na and K were 130.2 mEq and 120.4 mEq, respectively. The urinary excretion of Na and K in 24-hr were 100.2 mEq, 37.1 mEq, respectively and urinary Na/K ratio was 2.8. According to this study, it is concluded that mixed NaCl-KCl salt diet decreased the intake of Na, and increased the intake of K.
Diet ; Metabolism ; Potassium* ; Sodium*

OBJECTIVETo study the absorption, translocation and accumulation of N, P and K on Achyranthes bidentata.

METHODThe contents of N, P and K were determined by mean of sulfuric acid-hydrogen peroxide assimilating method, vanadium-ammonium molybdate colorimetric method and flame photometric method, respectively.

RESULTThe contents of N, P and K in the plant were decreasing during the growth period. The absorption rates of the three nutrients by A. Bidentata showed double-peak curves in the whole growth period, maximum absorption rate appeared in the middle ten days of October. About 8.59 kg of N, 1.36 kg of P and 7.40 kg of K were needed to produce each 100 kg root.

CONCLUSIONThe key nutrients absorption period is in the first ten days of September and in the middle ten days of October.

Achyranthes ; metabolism ; Biological Transport ; Nitrogen ; metabolism ; Phosphorus ; metabolism ; Potassium ; metabolism

Renal outer medullary potassium (ROMK) channel is an important K⁺ excretion channel in the body, and K⁺ secreted by the ROMK channels is most or all source of urinary potassium. Previous studies focused on the ROMK channels of thick ascending limb (TAL) and collecting duct (CD), while there were few studies on the involvement of ROMK channels of the late distal convoluted tubule (DCT2) in K⁺ excretion. The purpose of the present study was mainly to record the ROMK channels current in renal DCT2 and observe the effect of high potassium diet on the ROMK channels by using single channel and whole-cell patch-clamp techniques. The results showed that a small conductance channel current with a conductance of 39 pS could be recorded in the apical membrane of renal DCT2, and it could be blocked by Tertiapin-Q (TPNQ), a ROMK channel inhibitor. The high potassium diet significantly increased the probability of ROMK channel current occurrence in the apical membrane of renal DCT2, and enhanced the activity of ROMK channel, compared to normal potassium diet (P < 0.01). Western blot results also demonstrated that the high potassium diet significantly up-regulated the protein expression levels of ROMK channels and epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), and down-regulated the protein expression level of Na⁺-Cl^- cotransporter (NCC). Moreover, the high potassium diet significantly increased urinary potassium excretion. These results suggest that the high potassium diet may activate the ROMK channels in the apical membrane of renal DCT2 and increase the urinary potassium excretion by up-regulating the expression of renal ROMK channels.
Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying/metabolism* ; Kidney Tubules, Distal/metabolism* ; Potassium/metabolism* ; Epithelial Sodium Channels/metabolism* ; Diet

OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of human ether-α-go-go-related gene (herg) and hERG protein expressed by the gene in laryngeal carcinoma compared with the control group(mucosa adjacent to cancer of 2 cm). METHOD: Expression of herg and hERG protein was detected by immunohistochemistry (SP) and real-time PCR in resected tissue of laryngeal carcinoma and mucosa adjacent to cancer of 2 cm. RESULT: (1) By immunohistochemistry, the positive expression rate of hERG in laryngeal carcinoma was 76.7% (23/30), while it was 10.0% (2/20) in mucosa adjacent to cancer of 2 cm, the difference between which was statistically significant (P < 0.05). (2) By real-time PCR, the expression level of herg mRNA in laryngeal carcinoma is 2.25 times higher than that in mucosa adjacent to cancer of 2 cm. CONCLUSION Herg is highly expressed in tissue of laryngeal carcinoma, and it may be have some relevance to the happening and development of laryngeal carcinoma.
ERG1 Potassium Channel ; Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels ; metabolism ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger

Ninety weaned albino rats divided into three different dietary groups according to the amount of salt in their diet. Each diet consisted of a basic diet of vegetable origin to which was added a specific amount of NaCl. Diet I contained 0.51 mEq Na(0.03% NaCl), diet II 9.96mEq Na(0.58%NaCl), and diet III 24.60 mEq Na(1.45% NaCl) per 100 grams of diet. Each diet contained 14 mEq of potassium per 100 grame of diet. All rats grew satisfactorily, regardless the type of diet, until the age of 60 weeks. Both male and female rats were on the highest volume of water consumption in the first 10 weeks and in all groups the female rats consumed more water than males. No significant difference in the level of serum and osseous electrolytes was found. In animals receving the higher sodium diet the ratio of heart to kidney weight per kilogram of body weight was 6-8% higher than in the other groups. The frequency of occurence of a chromophobe adenoma seems to be influenced both by the rat strain and by the stress such as is found where a low sodium diet is given. In this study, animals on the highest sodium diet (24. 60 mEq Na: 1.45% NaCl) had a longer life span than the two other lower sodium diet groups.
Animals ; *Body Weight ; *Cereals ; Diet ; Potassium/*metabolism ; Rats ; Sodium/*metabolism

The pathogenesis of the second major neurodegenerative disorder, Parkinson's disease (PD), is closely associated with the dysfunction of potassium (K) channels. Therefore, PD is also considered to be an ion channel disease or neuronal channelopathy. Mounting evidence has shown that K channels play crucial roles in the regulations of neurotransmitter release, neuronal excitability, and cell volume. Inhibition of K channels enhances the spontaneous firing frequency of nigral dopamine (DA) neurons, induces a transition from tonic firing to burst discharge, and promotes the release of DA in the striatum. Recently, three K channels have been identified to protect DA neurons and to improve the motor and non-motor symptoms in PD animal models: small conductance (SK) channels, A-type K channels, and K7/KCNQ channels. In this review, we summarize the physiological and pharmacological effects of the three K channels. We also describe in detail the laboratory investigations regarding K channels as a potential therapeutic target for PD.
Animals ; Humans ; Parkinson Disease ; metabolism ; Potassium Channels ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the absorption characteristics of nitrogen (N) , phosphorus (P) , and potassium (K) of Pinellia ternate from Sichuan under the cultivated condition.

METHODThe samples of P. ternate S-29 and S-33 from Sichuan were regularly collected randomly, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of each part (aerial and underground parts) were determined, and their distribution and accumulation characters of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium were also studied.

RESULTThe absorption rate of aerial and underground parts of P. ternate were different in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium at different growing stages. Among them, the potassium uptake was the highest, while the phosphorus uptake was the lowest. Totally, the uptakes of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of P. ternate from Sichuan during "sprout tumble" stage were comparatively higher than that not at "sprout tumble" stage. A significant correlation was observed between the phosphorus and potassium uptake of the aerial and underground parts, respectively (P < 0.05). And there was also significant positive correlation between the nitrogen and phosphorus uptake at underground parts (P < 0.05). During the growth stage of P. ternate, for producing 100 kg air-dried P. ternate, 5.02-5.64 kg N, 2.44-2.56 kg P205, 11.62-13.49 kg K20 were needed to be absorbed.

CONCLUSIONP. ternate from Sichuan should be given enough base fertilizer in field cultivation, and then be supplied with phosphorus and potassium by combining foliar spray with field application during the middle ten days of June and last ten days of August. The ratios of potassium should be properly improved. There was promoting effect in the phosphorus and nitrogen assimilations of the underground parts of P. ternate from Sichuan.

China ; Nitrogen ; metabolism ; Phosphorus ; metabolism ; Pinellia ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Potassium ; metabolism

OBJECTIVEThe accumulation of dry matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in Prunella vulgaris and their relationships under field condition were studied, in order to provide a basis for the rational fertilization.

METHODThrough the dynamic sampling of P. vulgaris in different growing stages, and the dry weight of plant, the amount of dry matter and the content of N, P and K within each organ of the plant were measured.

RESULTThe dry weight of P. vulgaris linearly increased with the increase of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accumulation, there existed a significant correlation at whole growth period. The maximum stage accumulation rate of dry matter from mid-April to the beginning of May, reached 63.71%. The amount of dry matter was mainly distribution in leaves from late March to mid-April. The distribution ratio in stem was the highest from beginning of May to late May. Until mid-June, the distribution ratio of dry matter in spicas was higher than that in other organs. The absorption amounts of N, P and K were lower before mid-April, and the nutrient element was concentrated in plant leaves. From late April to beginning of May, the N, P and K accumulation reached maximum of total absorptive capacity, which accounted for 72.35%, 59.82%, 87.41%, respectively, and the mineral elements were concentrated distribution of plant stems. When transferred to reproductive stage, both accumulation amount and distribution rate of nutrient elements in spicas increased rapidly, which reached the maximum until mid-June. From elongation stages to quaring period was the period of maximal accumulation of dry matter and showed the maximal efficiency of N, P and K nutrition.

CONCLUSIONThe time from elongation stages to quaring period is the most crucial period in the growth development stage of P. vulgaris, and should be paid more attention to the supply of mineral nutrition and moisture of plant to promote spicas formation and dry matter accumulation in this stage. The average N, P2O5 and K2O absorption amount per 100 kg dry matter of spicas were 1.62, 0.36, 2.88 kg respectively, and the ratio of N-P2O5,-K2O was 1 : 0.22: 1.77.

Absorption ; Nitrogen ; metabolism ; Phosphorus ; metabolism ; Potassium ; metabolism ; Prunella ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Seasons

AIMTo explore the types of receptors distributed in MHb and LHb.

METHODSRecording the currents of potassium channels in Hb neurons isolated from the rats 10-15 days after birth. To distinguish the types of receptors distributed in MHb and LHb by using the agonists of mu receptor DAMGO, and sigma receptor DPDPE.

RESULTSTwo types of current of K+ channels were recorded, the transient rectifier and delayed rectifier potassium channels. DAMGO or DPDPE increased the intensity of current of K+ channels.

CONCLUSIONIn MHb there was a higher density of sigma receptor, and in LHb a higher density of mu receptor distributed.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Habenula ; metabolism ; Neural Pathways ; Neurons ; metabolism ; Potassium Channels ; metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Opioid ; metabolism

General anesthesia is an unconscious state induced by anesthetics for surgery. The molecular targets and cellular mechanisms of general anesthetics in the mammalian nervous system have been investigated during past decades. In recent years, K channels have been identified as important targets of both volatile and intravenous anesthetics. This review covers achievements that have been made both on the regulatory effect of general anesthetics on the activity of K channels and their underlying mechanisms. Advances in research on the modulation of K channels by general anesthetics are summarized and categorized according to four large K channel families based on their amino-acid sequence homology. In addition, research achievements on the roles of K channels in general anesthesia in vivo, especially with regard to studies using mice with K channel knockout, are particularly emphasized.
Anesthetics, General ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Humans ; Potassium Channels ; metabolism