No abstract available.
Bone Density* ; Female ; Lactation* ; Postpartum Period*

No abstract available.
Postpartum Period* ; Postpartum Thyroiditis*

No abstract available.
Postpartum Hemorrhage ; Postpartum Period

To produce milk, four secretory processes are synchronized in the alveolar cell of the mature, functional mammary gland: (1) exocytosis, (2) fat synthesis and secretion, (3) secretion of ions and water, and (4) transcytosis of immunoglubulins and other substances from the interstitial space. Milk is synthesized continuously into the alveolar lumen, where it is stored until milk removal from the breast is initiated. Prolactin mediates the central nervous system regulation of milk secretion, but its influence is modified greatly by local factors that depend on milk removal from the breast. Oxytocin mediates milk let-down by stimulating the contraction of myoepithelial cells that surround the alveoli and ducts. Lactogenesis includes all the processes necessary to go from the undifferentiated mammary gland in the early pregnant animal to full lactation sometime after parturition. The most important factors in initiation of lactogenesis stage II appear to be progesterone withdrawal. The metabolic demands of breastfeeding require an increase in maternal metabolism. Postpartum suppression of fertility is thought to be the result of an alteration in pulsatile gonadotropin releasing hormone secretion from the hypothalamus. Women who wish to ensure against pregnancy during lactation usually are advised to use other contraceptive means.
Animals ; Breast ; Breast Feeding ; Central Nervous System ; Contracts ; Dietary Sucrose ; Exocytosis ; Female ; Fertility ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Humans ; Hypothalamus ; Ions ; Lactation ; Mammary Glands, Human ; Milk ; Milk Ejection ; Oxytocin ; Parturition ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Progesterone ; Prolactin ; Secretory Pathway ; Transcytosis ; Water

No abstract available.
Depression, Postpartum* ; Female ; Postpartum Period*

No abstract available.
Postpartum Period* ; Stroke*

No abstract available.
Postpartum Period* ; Psychopathology*

No abstract available.
Postpartum Period* ; Psychopathology*

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the effects of individual postpartum breast-feeding education on adaptation, attitude and practice of breast-feeding in primiparas. METHODS: A quasi-experimental nonequivalent design was used to examine the effects of individual postpartum breast-feeding education among primiparas. The data were analyzed using chi2-test, Fisher's exact test and paired t-test. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in breast-feeding adaptation (t=-12.94, p<.001), breast-feeding attitude (t=-2.71, p=.011) and breast-feeding practice (chi2=16.47, p<.001) between the group education (experimental group I) and individual education after group education (experimental group II). CONCLUSION: The results indicate that individual education on breast-feeding compared to group education has more positive effects on increasing breast-feeding adaptation, attitude and practice in primiparas. This result also indicates that many primiparas should be given opportunities of various types of education to improve breast-feeding practice such as individual approaches and postpartum breast-feeding education programs.
Breast Feeding ; Postpartum Period

No abstract available.
Postpartum Period* ; Pregnancy*