365 patients with postpartum infections were studied in the Central Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics in 2000- 2001 year period. Results showed a high incidence of infection in post partum morbidity, which occures usually after ceasarian section and after artificial abortment. The most common pathologic bacteria were E.coli and staphylococcus aureus. Uterine mucosis inflammations were the most common clinical manifestation in postpartum infections Antibiotics in association with uterine curettage were the most frequently measures for treating uterine mucosis inflammation. Histerectomy was the compulsory surgery in case of total peritonitis and sepsis.
Postnatal Care ; Infection ; Infant ; Epidemiology

PURPOSE: In this research the informational contents of websites related to postnatal care were evaluated. This was done in order to inform people of qualified information on postnatal websites. METHOD: Instruments from Oh(2001) and the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs(2000) were utilized to evaluate the contents in respect to purpose, reliability, easiness, authoritativeness, feedback, and maintenance. Seventy-three postnatal websites were evaluated for this research conducted from June 10 to July 10, 2006. RESULT: There were no portal sites connected with purely informational postnatal websites. In the evaluation of postnatal websites, the lowest and the highest scores were 11 and 42, respectively. The average score was 24 with 52.1% scoring below the average. By category, the scores of purpose, reliability, and feedback were relatively high while easiness, authoritativeness, and maintenance showed very low scores. As a result, it was revealed that there were no specific postnatal websites with sufficient postnatal care information. CONCLUSION: Thus, the establishment of a professional postnatal portal system through a professionally certified organization is required in order to supply correct information to people who wish to get information on postnatal care.
Internet* ; Korea ; Portal System ; Postnatal Care

BACKGROUND: In ensuring access to maternal health services, various strategies toward safer health practices and improved health service delivery are important ingredients to eliminate avoidable maternal deaths. A recent household survey showed that access to antenatal care (ANC) (89%) and facility-based delivery (FBD) (82.4%) in the Eastern Visayas region is significantly high, despite the extensive damage to over 500 health facilities caused by Typhoon Haiyan in November 2013. Postpartum care (PPC), however, was relatively low (37.4%). As these findings needed further elaboration, a qualitative study using focus groups was conducted. METHOD: The focus groups method was utilized to elicit responses from the mothers, BHWs, and midwives to explain what contributed to the high ANC visits, high FBD, and low PPC. Sixteen focus groups were conducted in the local dialect (Waray and Cebuano), and all discussions were audio recorded. Focus groups data were transcribed and subsequently translated to English text, then reviewed and validated by socio-linguistic academics from the region. Other data sources included debriefing session reports and expanded field notes. Nvivo 10 software was used in the coding process and data management. The data analysis referred to the principles of thematic analysis. RESULTS: The findings showed that incentives in the form of free maternal services and cash grants drive mothers to go to the health facility for antenatal care and facility-based deliveries. The free services were provided by PhilHealth (the country's social health insurance), while cash grants were awarded through the government's conditional cash transfer program and other community partners. Mothers were provided with some financial risk protection through these financial incentives. The disincentives came in the form of local ordinances, which prohibited home births. Penalties included fines for both mother and birth attendant when the mother was found to deliver outside the health facility. The unintended stigma, shame, and fear that developed in response to these ordinances also deterred home births. The significantly low use of PPC services in the health facility was attributed to the lack of advices given to mothers regarding the need for follow up care after delivery. It is also noted that there are no incentives for PPC, which may contribute to its low rates. The role of the community health workers and midwives were to inform and educate the mothers on these incentives and disincentives. However, these incentives and disincentives are extrinsic motivators and are deemed insufficient to provide long-term impact. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS. The implementation of the incentives and disincentives in Eastern Visayas has increased rates of ANC and FBD. The presence of these in the current environment has initially facilitated behavior change, shifting home births to facility births. However, we argue that financial incentives, with a lack of intrinsic motivation, may be insufficient to sustain long-term impact. Disincentives, in the form of local ordinances, forced mothers instead to seek care in facilities. Such an approach may eventually become less effective over time. Incentives and disincentives are both demand-side factors, and to sustain change, concurrent improvements in the supply end need to be implemented. The capacity of facilities to absorb the increased demand should be in place to provide positive experiences for mothers in the health facilities.
Pregnancy ; Female ; Prenatal Care ; Postnatal Care ; Postpartum Period

Background: While COVID‑19 spreads rapidly around the world, innovative means to provide continuing prenatal care are being developed to monitor maternal and fetal health while minimizing disease transmission. Telemedicine is one platform by which patients are provided the necessary prenatal and postpartum care safely as the pandemic rages Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the acceptability of telemedicine in the delivery of prenatal and postnatal care in the setting of the COVID‑19 pandemic Materials and Methods: A cross‑sectional study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Manila. A structured Likert scale‑based survey consisting of a model measuring telemedicine perception was utilized. This was a predeveloped model by Lin in 2017.[1] Descriptive statistical analysis and Chi‑square tests were done to evaluate the data Results: A total of 193 pregnant and postpartum patients participated in the study. Majority of the respondents were between 25 and 34 years old, living within Metro Manila, and normal obstetric patients who were previously seen at the outpatient department. Most of the participants considered telemedicine to be cost‑effective, reliable, easy to use, and useful Conclusion We conclude that telemedicine is an acceptable means of providing prenatal and postnatal care among pregnant patients because it allowed the necessary interaction between patient and doctor and these “users” kept on using the system. There was no association between telemedicine perceptions and patient age, place of residence, type of patient encounter, disease, and treatment. In the setting of the COVID‑19 pandemic, telemedicine is an acceptable means of providing prenatal and postnatal care regardless of patient characteristics
COVID‑19 ; Pandemics ; Postnatal Care ; Prenatal Care ; Telemedicine

Hemangiomas are common benign soft tissue tumors found in pediatrics. Knowledge of prenatal image findings for hemangiomas can be essential for ensuring optimal antepartum and postpartum care. In this study, we provide a report the MR findings of a congenital hemangioma in the posterior neck region, which was different from the pre and postnatal image findings as well as a literature review.
Fetal Diseases ; Fetus ; Hemangioma* ; Neck ; Pediatrics ; Postnatal Care ; Prenatal Diagnosis

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to develop a postpartum care program and to evaluate the effects of the program on postpartum activity and postpartum discomfort in primiparous women. METHODS: For this control group quasi-experimental study, primiparous women who had a normal delivery at OBGYN clinics in G-city and then went home with assistance from their mothers participated from April 10 to August 2, 2006. The participants were assigned to an intervention group of 25 mothers or a control group of 23 mothers. Data analysis was performed by using SPSS/win10.0 PC+. X(2)-test and t-test, and repeated measure ANOVA. RESULTS: The results showed that the degree of postpartum activity(F=4.66, p=.036) and the degree of postpartum discomfort(F=7.98, p=.007) were supported statistically with significant differences between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, this program needs to be applied as a new nursing intervention because this postpartum care program was proven useful as effective postpartum care.
Female ; Humans ; Mothers ; Postnatal Care ; Postpartum Period ; Statistics as Topic

PURPOSE: The aims of the study were to develop mobile application for postpartum care of first-time mothers and to validate it's effect. METHODS: Using a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design, 52 first-time mothers were recruited (26 each in experimental and control) and the experimental group used the mobile application for 6 weeks after delivery. Postpartum self-care knowledge and confidence, infant care knowledge and confidence, and postpartum depressive mood (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) were measured before discharge from the hospital and 6 weeks later. RESULTS: Women who have used the postpartum care mobile application reported higher levels of postpartum self-care knowledge (p=.030) and confidence (p=.023) infant care knowledge (p=.001) and confidence (p=.004), while scores of postpartum depression (p=.021) were lower than those in the control group. CONCLUSION: The postpartum-care mobile application developed in this research may be effective in reinforcing knowledge and confidence for postpartum self-care and infant care and in reducing postpartum depressive mood.
Depression, Postpartum ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Care ; Mobile Applications* ; Mothers* ; Postnatal Care* ; Postpartum Period* ; Self Care

This study is designed to compare differences of the infant mothers' nursing educational needs between primipara and multipara. And also this study will provide the basic data for the development of Infant care educational programs based on personal characteristics. The subjects of this study were 71 infant-mothers who just experienced delivery. They were selected from a collage hospital and a obstetric hospital in D city, Korea. The tool used in this study was educational need scale developed by Choe, SeonJeong(2000), and modified by researchers. The subjects were requested to check complete the questionnaires by self-report method at the time of hospital discharge. The data were collected from February 7 to April 10, 2001. and were analysed by descriptive statistics, mean, std deviation, t-test, ANOVA with SPSS 10.0. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. The differences of the infant mothers' nursing educational needs were not significantly between primipara and multipara. 2. In the each category of the infant mothers' nursing educational needs, we could see the differences between primipara and multipara as following ; Infant care(t=2.803, p=.007), Attachment between parents and infant (t=2.442, p=.017). 3. In accordance with general characteristics, the infant mothers' nursing educational needs differed significantly according to religion in primipara and according to satisfaction of marriage in multipara. 4. In accordance with obsterical characteristics, the infant mothers' nursing educational needs differed significantly according to places of postpartum care in primipara. In conclusion, this study confirmed that the nursing educational needs of the mothers did not show significant difference between primipara and multipara. However, two subareas' parts of the infant mothers' nursing educational needs, infant care and attachment between parents and infant showed significant difference between primipara and multipara. And the infant mothers' nursing educational needs differed significantly between primipara and multipara according to several personal characteristics. Therefore the results of this study might give some real data for the development of the Infant Care Programs based on personal characteristics.
Humans ; Infant ; Infant Care* ; Infant* ; Korea ; Marriage ; Mothers ; Nursing ; Parents ; Postnatal Care ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: This study was done to assess development and postnatal care interventions in postnatal care intervention records for maternity ward nurses in tertiary hospitals and women's hospitals in South Korea. METHODS: This mixed-method research was a Time-Motion (TM) study. Data were collected through external observation of 12 nurses in 4 wards over 24 hours. Mann-Whitney U test and independent t-test were employed for the analysis of frequency and provision time of direct/indirect care activity. χ² (Fisher's exact test) was utilized to determine the difference in frequency between two groups. IBM SPSS 22.0 statistical program was employed for calculation. All statistical significance levels were at α= .05. RESULTS: According to the KPCS-1 (Korean Patient Classification System-1), women's hospitals are group 3 and tertiary hospitals, group 4. With respect to time difference in direct care, tertiary hospitals showed 791 minutes and women's hospitals, 399 a difference of 392 minutes. For time difference in indirect care, women's hospitals had 2,415 minutes while tertiary hospitals, 2,080, a difference of 335 minutes for women's hospitals. No difference was found in the average total care workload between the two institutions. Individual time also showed no difference (p>.05). CONCLUSION: High-risk maternal care strength in tertiary hospitals and breast-feeding strength in women's hospitals need to be benchmarked with each other.
Benchmarking ; Classification ; Humans ; Korea ; Nursing ; Postnatal Care ; Postpartum Period ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Tertiary Healthcare

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to develop feasible and detailed infection control guidelines (ICG) and audit protocols for health care workers and auditors in postpartum care centers (PCC). METHODS: PCC ICG and audit protocols were developed in several steps: 1) review of previous ICG for PCCs; 2) establishment of frameworks for updating guidelines and audit protocols; 3) review of new ICG, regulations, etc.; 4) drafting of PCC ICG and audit protocols and revision based on feedback from the research committee; 5) Delphi survey to solicit opinions from infection control, infant care, and maternal care professionals as well as PCC health care workers; 6) re-revision after discussion with the research committee; and 7) finalization of PCC ICG and audit protocols. RESULTS: We developed ICG with 4 categories and 26 sub-categories, and internal and external audit protocols with 163 and 85 items, respectively. CONCLUSION: The ICG and audit protocols are valid and feasible; we recommend their utilization as auditing tools, baseline data for the development of national infection control policies, and as educational materials for PCC healthcare workers.
Checklist ; Delivery of Health Care ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Care ; Infection Control* ; Postnatal Care* ; Postpartum Period* ; Social Control, Formal