The United Nation (UN) approved the success and offered the International population Prize for Vietnam in 1999. From 1993 to 1999, the birth rate reduced from 3% to 2,19% per year. The rate of couple used the contraceptive methods increased from 53,7 to 75,31%. The population growth rate of 1,8% reduced gradually and will be the distributed birth rate in 2005. However, there were many challenges. The population program will develop the major activities related with the development of social-economy, renovation of the population activities in the new situation and quality of population in Vietnam.
Population ; Population Control

Traditional methods of microbial synthesis usually rely on a single engineered strain to synthesize the target product through metabolic engineering. The key cofactors, precursors and energy are produced by the introduced complex synthetic pathways. This would increase the physiological burden of engineering strains, resulting in a decrease in the yield of target products. The modular co-culture engineering has become an attractive solution for effective heterologous biosynthesis, where product yield can be greatly improved. In the modular co-culture engineering, the coordination between the population of different modules is essential for increasing the production efficiency. This article summarized recent advances in the application of modular co-culture engineering and population control strategies.
Coculture Techniques ; Metabolic Engineering ; Population Control

In recent decades it has been proved that the success or failure of family planning program in developing countries has tremendous impact on the improvement of health, welfare, as well as the general socio-economic development. Therefore it is worth giving a review of family planning in Korea during the last two decades. We are happy to credit the voluntary leaders, particular1y from the public health sector of universities, who played a key pioneering role in the initiation of the organized effort and for the continued leadership in the development of the national program. The organization of 17,000 village level family planning mothers' clubs in 1968 is one of the most outstanding innovative achievements. Despite such long standing problems as very poor morale of the family planning workers, poor national health care network, and stubborn preference for boys, Korea has been fairly successful in achieving the demographic objectives by reducing the total fertility rate from 6.0 in 1960 to 2.7 in 1968, and by increasing the rate of family planning practice from 9% in 1964 to 49% in 1978.
Contraception/methods ; Family Planning/trends* ; Human ; Korea ; Population Control ; Population Density ; Voluntary Health Agencies

No abstract available.
Family Planning* ; Female ; Human ; Korea ; Male ; Population Control

OBJECTIVETo explore relationships among several capture-recapture methods to be used in injury studies.

METHODSComparing the method on the estimation number of missed cases with supergeometric distribution and proportional methods and study the relationship between the three methods.

RESULTSResults from estimation method for number of missed cases and supergeometric distribution were identical while the formula of estimation method for number of missed cases could be induced from one of supergeometric distribution formula. The distribution of injured population did not belong to the negative binomial distribution. The estimation range was not the same between proportional method and supergeometric distribution.

CONCLUSIONSEither supergeometric distribution or estimation method for number of missed cases could be chosen, but the former was simple in calculation. Considering the estimating range was not the same between supergeometric distribution and proportional method, conditions for application must be considered during implementation.

China ; Communicable Disease Control ; Disease Notification ; Humans ; Population Surveillance

China ; Disease Notification ; Online Systems ; Population Surveillance ; methods ; Quality Control

Chronic Disease ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Population Surveillance ; methods

China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Pneumoconiosis ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Population Surveillance

OBJECTIVETo analyze the current situation on China Infectious Disease Automated-alert and Response System (CIDARS) in Guangdong province, China.

METHODSEarly-warning signals and response time were analyzed by using three approaches of CIDARS. Positive rates of early-warning signals and error early-warning rates prior and after the adjustment,were compared.

RESULTSTotally, 114 585 early-warning signals appeared, with an average response time of 1.35 hours from April 21, 2008 to December 31, 2012. There were 12,394 early-warning signals in terms of fixed threshold method with a positive rate of 7.96%. 85 727 early-warning signals appeared under the mobile percentile method with a positive rate of 0.85%. There were 16,464 early-warning signals by using accumulation and control chart methods,with a positive rate of 1.82%. Results showed there was a positive correlation between the number of reported cases and the number of early-warning signals (r = 0.924, P < 0.01). The overall positive rate in Guangdong province increased from 1.48% to 2.14%, after the adjustment done by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2010. The error early-warning rates regarding eight infectious diseases including hepatitis A, bacillary or amebic dysentery, both typhoid and paratyphoid fevers had reduced.

CONCLUSIONThe early-warning signal response appeared timely in CIDARS with good operation. However, despite the improvement on the efficacy of CIDARS, some functions and parameters of the systems still need to be adjusted.