The registered number of leprosy patient in Korea is 34,064 in May 31, 1973, but many leprosy cases are not detected yet. There is no doubt that the crucial purpose of The leprosy control propram is to find the hidden or unknown cases at their very early stage of the disease and to keep them under regular treatrnent. It is certain tnat the best method to detect all leprosy cases should be the "Mass Survey" exploring all residents in the project area, however, it is impossible to carry out in all villages of the area. At this time being, the most effective method of new case detection is considered to be the "Intensive Village Survey", of which idea is like a fire brigade excercise. To obtain an advanced and correct information for the intensive village survey, all villages in 6 provinces in which the leprosy conntrol program is carrying out are analysed by prevalence rate, lepromatous rate and the positivity (positive patient) rate, and devided into two groups, i.e, higher prevalence rate area(over 3%) and lower prevalence rate area (under 3%). As the first step of the project, the intensive village survey is recommended in this country with a limitted feasibility of personnel, facilities and finance. If the total survey exploring all residents in village to detect new cases is done, the follow-up total survey is not necessary in the same area. Intensive village survey mainly by house hold contact and neighbors examination would be the most effective method for new case finding and controling the aleady registered cases. (countinued..)
Epidemiologic Studies* ; Fires ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Iran* ; Korea* ; Leprosy* ; Prevalence

Lichen scrofulosorum, also known as Tuberculosis cutis lichenoides, is thought as a tuberculid such as Erythema induratum, Papulonecrotic tuberculid, Tuberculosis miliaris disseminata and Lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei. The lesions of Lichen scrofulosorum are pin-head sized or smaller, normal skin or reddish brown colored, arranged in nummular groups, usually on the trunk, where they persist unchanged or undergo spontaneous involution. As a rule, they appear in children who have tuberculosis of the bones or the lymphnodes. We report a case of Lichen scrofulosorum, 13-year old girl, who showed clinically and histologically typical lesions on the trunk. She was highly sensitive to Mantoux test and had tuberculous lymphadenitis of left cervical lymphnodes, but the chest was negative. Many challenges to the tuberculous origin of the tuberculids including Lichen scrofulosorum have prevailed for the last decade, Several studies and reports indicated that healing responses of Erythema induratum and other tuberculids to corticosteroids were more definite than to anti-tuberculosis drugs. But more recently, some reports recommended that anti-tuberculosis drugs were eftective than corticosteroids (in the treatment of Erythema induratum and other tuberculids). In this case anti-tuberculosis treatment with PAS 10gm., INH 400 mg., and streptomycin 1.0 gm. daily for the first one month and then 1.0gm. twice a week has remarkably improved the clinical manifestation in follow-up of three months. While the follow-up period was no enough, we strongly suggest the tuberculous origin of Lichen scrofulosorum.
Adolescent ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Child ; Erythema Induratum ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lichens* ; Skin ; Streptomycin ; Thorax ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Cutaneous ; Tuberculosis, Lymph Node

Xeroderma pigmentosum, a rare, genetically determined dermatosis, is often cornplicated by malignant chagnes of various types-most commonly, basal-cell epithelioma, squamous cell epithelioma, less frequently malignant meIanoma, keratoacanthoma, fibrosarcoma, and endothelioma have been reported. In Korea, no case has ever been reported in literature except four cases at a symposium for dermatology, two of them complicated by basal-cell epithelioma, and the others by squamous cell epithelioma. This case reported was complicated by squamous cell epithelioma. As one of the anticancer treatments, especially for skin cancer, Bleomycin is, now, drawing the attention for its high therapeutic index with only few side effects. For this case, we injected Rleomycin 15mg at once, twice a week, for 8 weeks, So total injection was 16 times and 240mg of Bleomycin was given in total. While this amount given for this case was not enough for the complete treatment of squamous cell epithelioma, we got the following results: 1. Clinically, the ulcerated lesion of the cancer on the right ala nasi had shrunken in size with reepithelialization at the margin showing clear surface, and 2. microscopically, the atypical cancer cell masses and individual cell keratinizations had been decreased in size and in number, and less remarkable comparing to those in untreated stage at his first visit to the hospital.
Bleomycin* ; Carcinoma* ; Dermatology ; Fibrosarcoma ; Keratoacanthoma ; Korea ; Skin Diseases ; Skin Neoplasms ; Ulcer ; Xeroderma Pigmentosum

Proliferative scarring in the form of keloids and hypertrophic scars continues to be a clinical problem for some patients. The lack of an animal model for such scarring has been an obstacle to studying the biology and effective therapy of these entities. Consequently we created an accurate reproductive animal model to systematically study them. Human proliferative scars were explanted into flaps based on isolated vascular pedicles in congenitally rats. We compared the procollagen type III peptide levels of proliferative scar tissue before and after explanting. The procollagen type III peptide levels of explanted proliferative scar tissue remained increased as before explanting. Histological analysis of the explanted proliferative scar tissue revealed that all explants retained their original histotypic character even after 1 year. We could also retain the volume of implanted proliferative scar for 1 year and studied in vitro cellular proliferation. Fibroblast cultures from explanted scars demonstrated less aggressive growth characteristic than those from original surgical specimens. The advantages of this animal model are as follows: 1. The explants retain their histotypical character for a long period. 2. Placement of the explants outside the dorsum of a nude rat makes serial observation and measurement easier. 3. Agents under test can be injected into the explants through a catheter inserted into a single pedicle of island flap without the possibility of spreading systematically.
Animals* ; Biology ; Catheters ; Cell Proliferation ; Cicatrix* ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic ; Collagen Type III ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Keloid ; Models, Animal* ; Rats ; Rats, Nude

No abstract available.
Ligaments*

Livedo vasculitis is thought to be a thrombogenic disorder that is related to the autoimmune disease. It clinically shows purplish mottling and recurrent painful ulcers in the lower extremities, leaving atrophie blanche after healing of the ulcers. Histopathologic finding are thrombotic occlusion in the mid-dermal vessels without necrotizing vasculitis. The therapeutic approach has largely been made by the use of drugs that stimulate endogenous fibrinolytic activitiy, that inhibit thrombus formation, or that cause vasodilation, but surgical intervention by excision and skin graftion has rarely been reported as a primary treatment.In our experience, two patients with livedo vasculitis, who had been unresponsive to various medications, were treated with wide excision and several times of skin grafting. And they experienced complete healing without recurrence.
Autoimmune Diseases ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Recurrence ; Skin ; Skin Transplantation ; Thrombosis ; Ulcer ; Vasculitis* ; Vasodilation

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Forearm* ; Humans

The criteria for the identification of sex are as follows; sex chromosome and chromatin, gonadal structure, morphology of the external genitalia, morphology of the internal genitalia, hormonal status, sex of rearing and gender role. During these steps, any disturbance may be presented clinically as a disorder of intersexuality. Hermaphroditism is a state of having ambiguous genitalia due to abnormal sexual differentiation. We experienced three children with ambiguous external genitalia. Two patients were male pseudohemaphrodites, who had a normal male chromosomal constitution of 46XY with incomplete masculinization of the external genitalia and hypospadia. One patient was female pseudohemaphrodite, who had a normal female chromosomal constitution of 46XX with male phallus-like enlarged clitoris associated with posterior labial fusion and single perineal urogenital orifice. There was elevated urinary 17 ketosteriod and hypertrophied adrenal gland on CT scan. We planned staged reconstruction because they were children. First stage reconstruction were surgical restoration of the ambiguous external genitalia to normal appearance and removal of contradictory gonadal structure as early as possible. Second stage reconstruction includes reconstruction of secondary sex characteristics after puberty such as mammaplasty, vaginoplasty, and facial plasty. Hormonal therapy was necessary for normalization of hormonal status and promotion of expression of secondary sex characteristics. In first stage reconstruction, we performed clitoroplasty by use of glans penis island flap with dorsal neurovascular bundle, labioplasty and orchiectomy in two male hermaphroites. All neoclitoris survived well with good preservation of sensation.
Adolescent ; Adrenal Glands ; Child* ; Chromatin ; Clitoris ; Constitution and Bylaws ; Disorders of Sex Development ; Female ; Gender Identity ; Genitalia* ; Gonads ; Humans ; Hypospadias ; Male ; Mammaplasty ; Orchiectomy ; Penis ; Puberty ; Sensation ; Sex Characteristics ; Sex Chromosomes ; Sex Differentiation ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Hypermobility of the bladder neck in response to increased intraabdominal pressure is the anatomical cause of female stress urinary incontinence ( SUI) and the degree of bladder neck movement has been used to classify SUI patients and to guide management decisions. We performed transvaginal ultrasonography in 14 SUI patients and 20 normal female as control to assess its role on the demonstration of the anatomical features associated with SUI. We adopted three anatomical factors in the sagittal plane which affect the bladder neck mobility , vertical (JY) and horizontal(JX) distance difference between pubic symphysis and bladder neck, and rotation angle difference(JZ) composed of by pubic symphysis and bladder neck during rest and stress states. There were significant differences in Y and Z between the two groups. Three months after corrective surgery for SUI these two factors showed significant improvement in all patients. It could be concluded that transvaginal ultrasonography is a safe and reliable method to diagnosis and evaluate the postoperative outcome for SUI.
Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Neck ; Pubic Symphysis ; Ultrasonography* ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Incontinence*

No abstract available.
Striae Distensae* ; Tissue Expansion*