As a drug additive, polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) has merits of solubility, easy forming, strong conglutination, high thermal stability, low toxicity and no irritation. In these years, PVA has been applied wider and wider in medicine industry. In the study of modem preparations of TCM PVA, as film material of membrane and pellicles, is very promising owing to its easy forming and excellent toughness. PVA is good polymer matrix for suppositories and gel, because it can not only carry drug but also improve the properties of preparations on application and technology. It can be said that PVA is an excellent carrier. At the present, PVA is mainly applied in vitro preparations of TCM, but its applications will be spread with further research. The prospective applications of PVA in osmotic pump controlled release preparations, drug carried microspheres and swelling controlled release system are foreseen.
Delayed-Action Preparations ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polyvinyl Alcohol

Using three-dimensional printing to produce antibacterial wound dressing is a new topic that will change the production style of wound dressing industry. Combining with post-3D-printed process, a desktop fused deposition molding equipment can be used to produce wound dressing containing polyvinyl alcohol, alginate and chitosan. The wound dressing produced by FDM has good aspects of absorbency, moisture vapour transmission rate and mechanical property. After loaded with antibacterial agent iodine and silver nano particle, the antibacterial activity rate increases to 99% and it is suitable to use as antibacterial wound dressing. This method affects the production of wound dressing to a more cost-effective way, and provides a possible individualized treatment for patient in the future.
Alginates ; chemistry ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; administration & dosage ; Bacteria ; drug effects ; Bandages ; economics ; standards ; Chitosan ; chemistry ; Humans ; Iodine ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Nanoparticles ; administration & dosage ; Polyvinyl Alcohol ; chemistry ; Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Silver ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Wound Healing

AIMTo study the pharmaceutical characterization, the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of glimepiride gel-matrix controlled-release patch in rats.

METHODSAn HPLC method was established for the determination of glimepiride in the permeation receptor and patch. The permeation rate and penetration mechanism of glimepiride-TDDS through rabbit skin in vitro was examined. The determination of drug content and the examination of weight difference and stability of the glimepiride-TDDS were carried out. Another HPLC method after pre-column derivatization was developed to determine the glimepiride serum concentration and then employed to study the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of glimepiride after a single dose of oral or patch administration in rats.

RESULTSThe permeation tests through excised rabbit skin demonstrated that the optimized glimepiride controlled-release patch exhibited zero-order kinetic characteristics that satisfied the demands of original design. The determination of glimepiride content and the quality control of weight difference of the patch accorded with Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China of 2000 edition and the pharmaceutical characterization showed good stability. The HPLC method for the determination of serum glimepiride was shown to be a sensitive and simple one. The pharmacokinetic results showed that TDDS could decrease the maximum serum concentration, prolong the peak time, extend the MRT by 5.5 times compared with oral administration and maintain the serum concentration of glimepiride at a higher level even after 120 h of administration. The relative bioavailability of glimepiride-TDDS was 20.3% versus oral administration.

CONCLUSIONThe glimepiride-TDDS showed a slower, longer and smoother serum concentration-time profile, as compared with conventional oral administration in both absorption and elimination phase. As a result, it was evident that the patch exhibited good controlled-release properties.

Administration, Cutaneous ; Animals ; Biological Availability ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Female ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Permeability ; Polyvinyl Alcohol ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Skin ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Skin Absorption ; drug effects ; Sulfonylurea Compounds ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics

OBJECTIVE: To observe the self-developed horn type of titanium clamp used for inferior turbinate resection from filling effect. METHOD: Choose the cases of inferior turbinate resection of 152 cases randomly selected 92 cases (group) in 2-4 angle type titanium clip head-tail closed wound middle turbinate, and therefore more than nasal passages in the surgical wound, just as in the nasal passages above micro tamponade, bare breathing zone, keep the ventilation, 1- 3 days to take out the angle titanium clamp; 60 cases (control group) with vaseline oil gauze or postoperative Merocel hemostatic sponge tamponade nasal bleeding. Observation of 1-3 days after nasal ventilation, headache, nasal bleeding, dry mouth, tolerance is painful, aural fullness tinnitus, a total of 7 indicators of sleep. RESULT: The team outside the there was no difference in blood loss and the control group, the rest of the indicators is better than the control group. CONCLUSION The angle of titanium clamp used in inferior turbinate resection from stuffing, patients get better comfort, avoid drawn yarn of pain, improve the quality of perioperative patients with life.
Bandages ; Blood Loss, Surgical ; prevention & control ; Epistaxis ; prevention & control ; Female ; Formaldehyde ; administration & dosage ; Hemostatics ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Male ; Microsurgery ; Nasal Cavity ; Polyvinyl Alcohol ; administration & dosage ; Postoperative Hemorrhage ; prevention & control ; Surgical Instruments ; Titanium ; Turbinates ; surgery

OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility and safety of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) embolization adjuvant to transarterial oily chemoembolization (P-TACE) in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with arterioportal shunts (APS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nineteen patients who underwent PVA embolization for APS before a routine chemoembolization (TACE) procedure were retrospectively reviewed. 10 of these 19 patients underwent follow-up TACE or P-TACE after P-TACE (Group A), but nine patients underwent only initial P-TACE because of progression of HCC and/or underlying liver cirrhosis (Group B). Hepatic function tests, APS grades, and portal flow directions were evaluated before and after P-TACE sessions. Complications after procedures and survival days were also evaluated. RESULTS: In group A, APS grade was improved in eight patients and five of six patients with hepatofugal flow showed restored hepatopetal flow postoperatively. No immediate complication was developed in either group. Transient hepatic insufficiency developed in eight (42.1%) of 19 patients after P-TACE, and seven (87.5%) of these eight recovered within two weeks under conservative care. The mean and median survival time all study subjects was 280 days and 162 days. CONCLUSION: P-TACE is feasible and safe in advanced HCC patients with APS.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/administration & dosage ; Arteriovenous Fistula/therapy ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/mortality/*therapy ; *Chemoembolization, Therapeutic ; Contrast Media/administration & dosage ; Feasibility Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Iodized Oil/administration & dosage ; Liver Circulation ; Liver Neoplasms/mortality/*therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mitomycin/administration & dosage ; Polyvinyl Alcohol/*administration & dosage ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of a rat model on hindlimb ischemia induced by embolization from the administration of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles or N-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Unilateral hindlimb ischemia was induced by embolization with NBCA (n = 4), PVA (n = 4) or surgical excision (n = 4) in a total of 12 Sprague-Dawley rats. On days 0, 7 and 14, the time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF-MRA) and enhanced MRI were obtained as scheduled by using a 3T-MR scanner. The clinical ischemic index, volume change and degree of muscle necrosis observed on the enhanced MRI in the ischemic hindlimb were being compared among three groups using the analysis of variance. Vascular patency on TOF-MRA was evaluated and correlated with angiographic findings when using an inter-rater agreement test. RESULTS: There was a technical success rate of 100% for both the embolization and surgery groups. The clinical ischemic index did not significantly differ. On day 7, the ratios of the muscular infarctions were 0.436, 0.173 and 0 at thigh levels and 0.503, 0.337 and 0 at calf levels for the NBCA, PVA and surgery groups, respectively. In addition, the embolization group presented increased volume and then decreased volume on days 7 and 14, respectively. The surgery group presented a gradual volume decrease. Good correlation was shown between the TOF-MRA and angiographic findings (kappa value of 0.795). CONCLUSION: The examined hindlimb ischemia model using embolization with NBCA and PVA particles in rats is a feasible model for further research, and muscle necrosis was evident as compared with the surgical model.
Animals ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Embolization, Therapeutic/*adverse effects ; Enbucrilate/administration & dosage/*toxicity ; Feasibility Studies ; Hindlimb/*blood supply ; Injections, Intra-Arterial ; Ischemia/*chemically induced/diagnosis ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography/*methods ; Male ; Polyvinyl Alcohol/administration & dosage/*toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tissue Adhesives/administration & dosage/toxicity