To reveal the variation of polysaccharides and alcohol-soluble extract contents of Dendrobium officinale, the polysaccharides and alcohol-soluble extracts contents of three D. officinale strains were determined by phenol-sulfuric acid method and hot-dip method, respectively. The results showed that the contents of polysaccharides and alcohol-soluble extracts and their total content were significantly different among D. officinale samples collected in different periods, and the variations were closely related to the phenology of D. officinale. Additionally, the quality variation of polysaccharides was closely related to the flowering of D. officinale, while the alcohol-soluble extracts was closely associated to the formation and germination of buds. According to the dynamic variation of these two compounds, it is more reasonable to harvest D. officinale at biennials pre-bloom than at specific harvesting month considering polysaccharides content. It is better to harvest before the germination of buds considering alcohol-soluble extracts. While with regards to both polysaccharides and alcohol-soluble extract, it is better to harvest this plant at the period from the sprouting to pre-bloom next year.
Dendrobium ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; isolation & purification ; Polysaccharides ; isolation & purification

The extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) of N. flagelliforme were purified by DEAE anion exchange chromatography and Sephadex G100 gel filtration chromatography. And two main components named NFPS1 and NFPS2 were obtained respectively. The physico-chemical characteristics of NFPS2 were analyzed and compared with NFPS0, which was obtained from field colony of N. flagelliforme. These results showed that both of NFPS2 and NFPSO were composed of four monosaccharides: glucose, xylose, galactose and mannose. The apparent molecular weight of NFPS2 and NFPS0 was estimated to be 2.79 x 10(5), 2.26 x 10(5) respectively. They are non-sulfated polysaccharides, free of protein and nuclear acid. The thermal analysis indicated that there was a decomposition peak at 245 degrees C in thermogravimetric (TG) curves. However, the microstructure analysis showed that they had different porous structures.
Extracellular Space ; chemistry ; Nostoc ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Polysaccharides, Bacterial ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

The paper dealt with the characterization of polysaccharide of Paecilomyces lilacinus NH-PL-03 strain. First, we extracted and purified exude polysaccharide from the fungal fermentation broth by ethanol depositing method. Second, the proteins were removed by the Sevage method from the crude polysaccharide. Third, the purified polysaccharide (EP-1) was obtained after Superdex G-75 column separation. The results of UV-spectrometer and Sephacryl S-200 HR chromatography experiments showed that the EP-1 was a homogeneous pure polysaccharide with molecular weight of 35.2 kDa. Tested by paper chromatography analysis using the complete hydrolysis by sulfuric acid, we found that the EP-1 comprise single component as glucose. The chemical structure of EP-1 was confirmed as a kind of linear glucan linked by beta-(1,3) linkage. The Congo red reaction performed that EP-1 probable presented a triple-helical conformation in the dilute alkali.
Molecular Structure ; Paecilomyces ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides, Bacterial ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo optimize extraction and purification methods of acidic polysaccharide from Moerella iridescens (MIAP).

METHODSWith alkali extraction process and orthogonal experiment,the time consumption,temperature,pH value of the solution and alcohol concentration during the extraction were optimized. The crude products were deprived of protein,pigment and ion,then were purified with DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography and verified with Sephadex G-100 and cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis,and examined with infrared spectrum.

RESULTSThe optimized extraction conditions were as follows: extraction time 6 h,extraction temperature 70 degree,the solution pH 8.0 and the concentration of alcohol precipitation 70%. Intuitive features showed that the MIAP was pure white crystalline granular with slight dark brown color. The purification results demonstrated that the target MIAP was eluted and identified as a homogeneous components by DEAE-cellulose ion exchange column,Sephadex G-100 and cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis. Infrared spectral scanning suggested that MIAP was α-D-type terminated glucopyranose. Intuitive features showed that MIAP was soft and cottony white.

CONCLUSIONThe extraction process with orthogonal test has been optimized and the acidic polysaccharide from Moerella iridescens is successfully isolated.

Animals ; Bivalvia ; chemistry ; Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose ; methods ; Polysaccharides ; isolation & purification

In this study, taking Cistanche deserticola in Xinjiang as the experimental material, the optimal process for extracting polysaccharides from C. deserticola with water extraction was studied by using single factor and orthogonal experiment. Its effects on protein removal and polysaccharides retaining were investigated by using Sevag, enzymatic method or combination of these two methods, so as to determine the optimal method for protein removal from polysaccharides of C. deserticola; the decolorization and purification methods such as macroporous resin of AB-8 and activated Carbon were used to determine the optimal process. The results showed that the extraction rate of polysaccharides from C. deserticola was 18.40% during the optimal process of the water extraction as follows: extraction temperature 75 ℃, extraction time 165 min and solid-liquid ratio 1∶55. The protein removal rate can reach 31.40% and polysaccharide retention rate can reach 96.00% under the optimal protein removal process: temperature 50 ℃, time 2 h, and papain dosage 0.2%. The decolorization rate of activated Carbon and macroporous resin called AB-8 was 80.37% and 86.43%, and the recovery rate of polysaccharides was 77.05% and 91.93%, respectively, suggesting that macroporous resin was more suitable for decoloration. Macroporous resin named AB-8 increased the purity of the polysaccharide crude extract from 67.70% to 84.80% under the following conditions: concentration of the sample 4 g·L~(-1), concentration of the eluent 60% ethanol, and the flow rate 1 mL·min~(-1), showing significant purification effect.
Cistanche ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; isolation & purification ; Temperature ; Water

AIMColominic acid, a novel chiral selector, was applied to enantioseparation of dihydropyridine derivative by capillary electrophoresis. A new method was developed for enantioseparation of amlodipine maleate, a novel calcium channel blocking therapeutic agent. The chiral recognition mechanism of colominic acid to amlodipine maleate was studied.

METHODSCapillary electrophoresis was performed, and the effects of separation conditions on chiral separation were examined, including concentration of chiral selector, buffer pH, capillary temperature, applied voltage and molecular mass of colominic acid.

RESULTSThe optimum conditions were additive concentration of 8.0%, buffer pH at 3.00, capillary temperature at 15 degrees C, 12 kV for applied voltage and 3 x 10(4) for molecular mass of colominic acid. Under optimum conditions complete separation was achieved between the enantiomers of amlodipine maleate with resolution as high as 2.20.

CONCLUSIONThe cliral separation was based on the multipoint recognition between colominic acid and amlodipine maleate. It is recommended that this simple, rapid and selective method be used for enantioseparation of amlodipine maleate. As far as polysaccharides were concerned, colominic acid was first used for enantioseparation of amlodipine maleate.

Amlodipine ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Antihypertensive Agents ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Electrophoresis, Capillary ; methods ; Polysaccharides ; chemistry ; Stereoisomerism

Using phenol-sulfuric acid method and hot-dip method of alcohol-soluble extracts, the contents of polysaccharides and alcohol-soluble extracts in 11 F1 generations of Dendrobium officinale were determined. The results showed that the polysaccharides contents in samples collected in May and February were 32.89%-43.07% and 25.77%-35.25%, respectively, while the extracts contents were 2.81%-4.85% and 7.90%-17.40%, respectively. They were significantly different among families. The content of polysaccharides in offspring could be significantly improved by hybridization between parents with low and high polysaccharides contents, and the hybrid vigor was obvious. Cross breeding was an effective way for breeding new varieties with higher polysaccharides contents. Harvest time would significantly affect the contents of polysaccharides and alcohol-soluble extracts. The contents of polysaccharides in families collected in May were higher than those of polysaccharides in families collected in February, but the extracts content had the opposite variation. The extents of quantitative variation of polysaccharides and alcohol-soluble extracts were different among families, and each family had its own rules. It would be significant in giving full play to their role as the excellent varieties and increasing effectiveness by studying on the quantitative accumulation regularity of polysaccharides and alcohol-soluble extracts in superior families (varieties) of D. officinale to determine the best harvesting time.
Breeding ; China ; Dendrobium ; chemistry ; classification ; genetics ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Polysaccharides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo establish and optimize the preparation procedures of the anti-complementary polysaccharides from Houttuynia cordata.

METHODBased on the yield and anti-complementary activity in vitro, the conditions of extraction and alcohol precipitating process were optimized by orthogonal tests. The optimal condition of deproteinization was determined according to the results of protein removed and polysaccharide maintained. The best decoloring method was also optimized by orthogonal experimental design.

RESULTThe optimized preparation procedures were given as follows: extract the coarse powder 3 times with 50 times volume of water at 90 degrees C for 2 hours every time, combine the extracts and concentrate appropriately, equivalent to 0.12 g of H. cordata per milliliter. Add 4 times volume of 90% ethanol to the extract, allow to stand for 24 hours to precipitate totally, filter and the precipitate was successfully washed with anhydrous alcohol, acetone and anhydrous ether. Resolve the residue with water, add trichloroacetic acid (TCA) to a concentration of 20% to remove protein. Decoloration was at a concentration of 3% with activated carbon at pH 3.0, 50 degrees C for 50 min. The above procedures above were tested 3 times, resulting in the average yield of polysaccharides at 4.03% (RSD 0.96%), the average concentrations of polysaccharides and protein at 80.97% (RSD 1.5%) and 2.02% (RSD 2.3%), and average CH50 at 0.079 g x L-(-1) (RSD 3.6%).

CONCLUSIONThe established and optimized procedures are repeatable and reliable to prepare the anti-complementary polysaccharides with high quality and activity from H. cordata.

Complement Inactivating Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Houttuynia ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology

The extraction and separation of effective components from Chinese herb and natural plant is one of the most important processes of natural medicine production. Recently, more and more advanced techniques have been used in the field of modern Chinese medicines, for example, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). Developed on the base of traditional extracting technology using by organic solvents, MAE is of higher extraction rate and efficiency and better extract quality, as well as few investment, simple equipment, wide adaptability, high selectivity, good fidelity and no pollution. This paper mainly reviews the action principle and characteristic of MAE and its application in the extraction of natural products such as flavonoids, glycosides, polysaccharides, terpenoids and essence. Otherwise, the developing foreground of MAE is also prospected here.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Flavonoids ; isolation & purification ; Glycosides ; isolation & purification ; Microwaves ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; isolation & purification ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Terpenes ; isolation & purification ; Triterpenes ; isolation & purification

The phytochemical progress on Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels over the past decades is summarized. Since 1970s, 165 chemical constituents, including phthalides, phenylpropanoids, terpenoids and essential oils, aromatic compounds, alkaloids, alkynes, sterols, fatty acids, and polysaccharides have been isolated or detected from the various parts of the title plant.
Alkaloids ; isolation & purification ; Alkynes ; isolation & purification ; Angelica sinensis ; chemistry ; Benzofurans ; isolation & purification ; Fatty Acids ; isolation & purification ; Oils, Volatile ; isolation & purification ; Phytochemicals ; isolation & purification ; Phytosterols ; isolation & purification ; Polysaccharides ; isolation & purification ; Propanols ; isolation & purification ; Terpenes ; isolation & purification