The non-starch polysaccharides,mainly composed of glucomannans,are the major bioactive compounds in Dendrobium catenatum. In order to evaluate the quality of the medicinal materials and guide the production and processing,a quantification method of non-starch polysaccharides was established by stems of D. catenatum C15 strain collected from the pear epiphytic cultivation. The non-starch polysaccharides were obtained by " water extraction,α-amylase pretreatment,and alcohol precipitation once" method. The contents of starches,non-starch polysaccharides and monosaccharides were analyzed. In addition,the system suitability was tested. Compared with method of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia( 2015 edition),the contents of total polysaccharides,glucose,and mannose were decreased by 20. 9%,58. 8% and 1. 6% respectively. The method effectively digested starch and retained non-starch polysaccharides,and the analysis result was accurate and repeatable. Therefore,it is suitable for the content measurement of non-starch polysaccharides of D. catenatum. Furthermore,it could be an alternative method for quality control of D. catenatum and a reference in the determination of non-starch polysaccharides in other starch-containing medicinal materials.
Dendrobium ; chemistry ; Monosaccharides ; analysis ; Phytochemicals ; analysis ; Polysaccharides ; analysis ; Starch ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo find out the relativity among starch quantity, polysaccharides content and total alkaloid content of Dendrobium loddigesii.

METHODMicroscopy-counting process was applied to starch quantity statistics, sulfuric acid-anthrone colorimetry was used to assay polysaccharides content and bromocresol green colorimetry was used to assay alkaloid content. Pearson product moment correlation analysis, Kendall's rank correlation analysis and Spearman's concordance coefficient analysis were applied to study their relativity.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONExtremely significant positive correlation was found between starch quantity and polysaccharides content, and significant negative correlation between alkaloid content and starch quantity was discovered, as well was between alkaloid content and polysaccharides content.

Alkaloids ; analysis ; Dendrobium ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; analysis ; Starch ; analysis

Three different origins of Anoectochilus roburghii were used as experimental materials to study the effect of three different substrate( peat soil-river sand-peanut shell) radio on survival rate,plant height,stem diameter,plant fresh weight,root number,the longest root length,root diameter,and the contents of polysaccharide,flavonoids,and polyphenol. The results showed that when the substrate ratio was 4 ∶2 ∶2,the survival rate of A. roburghii from different origins was the highest,and the plant height,stem diameter,plant fresh weight,the longest root length and root diameter were also the largest. The cultivation substrate had no significant effect on the polysaccharide content of A. roxburghii and A. formosanus. When the substrate ratio was 4 ∶ 2 ∶ 2,the polysaccharide content of A.chapaensis was significantly lower than that of the other two combinations. When the substrate ratio was 4 ∶2 ∶1,the flavonoid content of A. formosanus was higher than that of the other two combinations. When the substrate ratio was 4 ∶2 ∶2,A. formosanus and A. chapaensis had higher polyphenol content.
Flavonoids ; analysis ; Orchidaceae ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Polyphenols ; analysis ; Polysaccharides ; analysis

In this paper, water content, mineral element and active ingredient concentration on fifteen Inonotus obliquus which comes from all over the world were studied. In the aspect of water content, the free water content of Finnish birch was the highest, reaching 77.21%, significantly better than that of other strains. The free water content of JL04 is the lowest, only 54.6%. The bound water content of HLJ01 which from Heilongjiang is the highest, reaching 10. 74% , significant differences among other strains. The bound water content of Birch Russia was the lowest. In the aspect of mineral element, the calcium content of NBRC9788 was the high- est (3.49 mg · g(-1)), significantly better than other strains. The second was Finnish birch. The lowest was CX02. The phosphorus content of NBRC9788 was the highest (210.12 μg · g(-1)), significantly superior to other strains. The lowest was JL04. In the aspect of active ingredient concentration, the triterpenoids content of HLJ01 was highest (23.7 mg · g(-1)), significantly better than other strains. It was good strains for biological products research and development and then was Finnish birch. The betulin content of MAFF420165 and MAFF420308 was low, they were not suitable for production. The polysaccharide content of Finnish birch was the highest (9.7%), significantly better than the other strains, it is one of the most ideal and good strains to develop polysaccharide. The polysaccharide content from MAFF420308 and MAFF420256 was 1.2%, lower than other strains. We suggest that avoid using these strains in the study of polysaccharide product development.
Basidiomycota ; chemistry ; classification ; Calcium ; analysis ; Minerals ; analysis ; Phosphorus ; analysis ; Polysaccharides ; analysis ; Water ; analysis

To reveals the effects of tree species on polysaccharides content of epiphytic Dendrobium officinale. The polysaccharides content of D. officinale attached to living tress in wild or stumps in bionic-facility was determined by phenol-sulfuric acid method. There were extremely significant differences of polysaccharides content of D. officinale attached to different tree species, but the differences had no relationship with the form and nutrition of barks. The polysaccharides content of D. officinale mainly affected by the light intensity of environment, so reasonable illumination favored the accumulation of polysaccharides. Various polysaccharides content of D. officinal from different attached trees is due to the difference of light regulation, but not the form and nutrition of barks.
Dendrobium ; chemistry ; Light ; Plant Bark ; physiology ; Polysaccharides ; analysis ; Trees

OBJECTIVETo provide new germplasm materials for breeding new varieties of Pseudostellaria heterophylla.

METHODThe method of single plant selection was adopted, with the comparative experiments being carried out under the same conditions in Shibing county. The 8 plants of Shibing SB-4 were compared respectively with factor analysis for 27 phenotypic traits and 8 yield traits, and single factor variance analysis for the contents of polysaccharides.

RESULTUsing factor analysis, 27 phenotypic traits were classified into 7 principal divisors and 8 yield traits were simplified into 3 principal divisors. The 4 strains of P. heterophylla, ZT-01, ZT-02, ZT-06 and ZT-07, performed better than others in the phenotypic traits, and ZT-01, ZT-02, ZT-03 and ZT-07 in the yield traits. The contents of polysaccharides of ZT-01, ZT-02, ZT-05 and ZT-08 showed significantly higher value.

CONCLUSIONThere is significant difference among the 8 strains of P. heterophylla in phenotypic traits, yield traits and quality traits, making it possible to select certain strains for different purposes. ZT-01 and ZT-02 can be breaded further. ZT-06 and ZT-07 were used as ornamental cultivars for its great phenotypic traits. ZT-03 with good resistance and high yield was taken as resistant variety, and ZT-05 would face next selection on the basis of its high content of polysaccharide.

Breeding ; Caryophyllaceae ; chemistry ; growth & development ; China ; Phenotype ; Polysaccharides ; analysis

Glycosylation is one of the common post-translational modifications of proteins to regulate the ability of tumor invasion, metastasis and tumor heterogeneity by interacting with glycan-binding proteins such as lectins and antibodies. Glycan microarray can be constructed by chemical synthesis, chemical-enzyme synthesis or natural glycan releasing. Glycan microarray is an essential analytical tool to discover the interaction between glycan and its binding proteins. Here we summarize the standard techniques to construct glycan microarray for the application in cancer vaccine, monoclonal antibody and diagnostic markers.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Glycosylation ; Lectins/metabolism* ; Microarray Analysis ; Neoplasms ; Polysaccharides

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of soil factors on the active components in Radix Ophiopogonis.

METHODThe content of polysaccharide, flavonoids, saponins, water-soluble extract and inorganic elements in Radix Ophiopogonis gathered from 7 different places were compared, physical and chemical properties and inorganic elements of soil were analyzed. The path and grey connection analysis were applied for studying the effects on the active components of Radix Ophiopogonis.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONThe concentrations of mineral elements in plant were mainly adjusted by active absorption. The active components in Radix Ophiopogonis was primarily effected by soil enzyme activity, the other important factors were potassium, pH, and organic matter. K, Fe, Mn, B, Ba, Zn of soil also had much influence on it then others inorganic elements.

Flavonoids ; analysis ; Ophiopogon ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; Polysaccharides ; analysis ; Soil ; analysis

To compare the polysaccharides( LBLP),total flavonoids( LBLTF) and total phenols( LBLTP) of Lycium barbarum leaves from 14 production areas from Ningxia,Qinghai and Gansu at different harvesting time. Our results showed that there were significant difference of LBLP,LBLTF and LBLTP among different production areas. The LBLP collected from Xiangride township production area,Dulan,Qinghai was as high as 15. 02%. The LBLTF collected from Dagele township production area,Geermu,Qinghai was as high as28. 63%. The LBLTP collected from Keluke township production area,Delingha,Qinghai was as high as 16. 7%. There were also significant difference of these 3 components between different harvest periods. The average LBLP in May( 10. 20%) was significantly higher than that in June( 8. 49%). However,the average LBLTF( 17. 71%) and LBLTP( 12. 77%) in June was significantly higher than that in May( 14. 15%,11. 19%). The LBLTF and LBLTP have a positive correlation with the altitude of production areas,but there was no significant association between LBLP and altitude. The LBLP,LBLTF and LBLTP in different production areas and harvesting time was significant difference,the results provide some references for furthermore development and utilization of L. barbarum leaves.
Analysis of Variance ; China ; Flavonoids ; analysis ; Geography ; Lycium ; chemistry ; Phenols ; analysis ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; analysis ; Seasons

OBJECTIVETo analysis the nutrient and effective ingredients of in Cordyceps militaris and make the best use of its medical value.

METHODAdenosine, cordycepin, polysaccharides, cordyceps acid, protein and fat in different parts of C. militaris were extracted, they are quantified by HPLC and other colorimetric analysis.

RESULTThe contents of polysaccharide was found to be 86.49 mg x g(-1) in C. militaris, 6.82 mg x g(-1) of adenosine in stroma, 13.28 mg x g(-1) of cordycepin and 44.07 mg x g(-1) of cordyceps acid in sclerolium.

CONCLUSIONIn different parts of C. militaris, the biosynthesis of effective ingredients is different. The total amount of effective ingredients is highest in C. militaris, the production of cordycepin and cordyceps acid is highest in sclerotium in comparison with other parts. Growth of C. militaris largely relies on its capability to utilize fat and protein from silkworm.

Adenosine ; analysis ; Animals ; Bombyx ; chemistry ; microbiology ; Cordyceps ; chemistry ; Deoxyadenosines ; analysis ; Fungal Proteins ; analysis ; Polysaccharides ; analysis