OBJECTIVETo evaluate different methods by treating water-decocted liquid of 6 Chinese medical herbs and 4 co-prescription respectively with alcohol, ultrafilter, macroporousresin and clarifier.

METHODThe contents of target component in those extracts were determined with HPLC or titration, and quantitative and qualitative determination of the impurity components, such as polysaccharide and protein, was made.

RESULTEach method showed its advantages and disavantages.

CONCLUSIONDifferent method can be chosen according to the clinical and preparation demands or the characteristic of components.

Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Methods ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; analysis

The treatment of bleeding wound of solid visceral and the rescue of uncontrollable bleeding are still confronted with difficulties in surgery and first-aid field. Many researchers devote to study in the field of hemostasis, and the novel porous hemostatic agent is one of the hot spot of research about hemostasis. The review focuses on the hemostatic effect, properties, hemostatic mechanism, shortcoming and future trends of three novel porous hemostatic agents such as polysaccharides, zeolite and wollastonite.
Calcium Compounds ; Hemorrhage ; therapy ; Hemostatic Techniques ; Hemostatics ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Humans ; Polysaccharides ; Porosity ; Silicates ; Zeolites

Pharmacokinetic analysis has attracted more and more attentions in the research field of bioactive natural product. However, there is limited study on the pharmacokinetics of polysaccharides. This paper focused on the research progresses of pharmacokinetics of polysaccharide, summarized the applications of chromatography, isotope labeling method, spectrophotometry, fluorospectrophotometry and biological assay in the analysis of polysaccharide pharmacokinetics, elucidated the behaviors of absorption, distribution, degradation and excretion of polysaccharide in experimental animals, and revealed the effects of physicochemical characteristic, administration dose and route on the pharmacokinetic properties of polysaccharide, which could be served as a reference for the related works.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Injections ; Intestinal Absorption ; Metabolic Clearance Rate ; Molecular Weight ; Polysaccharides ; administration & dosage ; analysis ; pharmacokinetics ; urine ; Tissue Distribution

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of patients' memory and their cognitive abilities and the mechanism is not completely clear. Although a variety of drugs have been approved for the AD treatment, substances which can prevent and cure AD are still in great need. The effect of polysaccharides from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on anti-AD has gained great progress and attained more and more attention in recent years. In this review, research advances in TCM-polysaccharides on AD made in this decade are summarized.
Alzheimer Disease ; drug therapy ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; administration & dosage

OBJECTIVETo observe the efficacy of local injection of bacillus calmette-guerin polysaccharide-nuclear acid (BCG-PSN) following CO2 laser resection on condyloma acuminatum (CA).

METHODSOne hundred and six patients with CA were randomized into BCG-PSN group (60 cases) and interferon group (46 cases), treated respectively with BCG-PSN local injection and interferon subcutaneous injection following CO2 laser resection and followed up for 3 months.

RESULTSThe healing rate of the BCG-PSN group was 88.3% and that of the interferon group was 71.7%.

CONCLUSIONThe BCG-PSN local injection following CO2 laser resection is effective for CA patients.

Adjuvants, Immunologic ; administration & dosage ; Adult ; Aged ; BCG Vaccine ; administration & dosage ; Condylomata Acuminata ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Laser Therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nucleic Acids ; administration & dosage ; Polysaccharides ; administration & dosage

Lactobacillus species have been widely used in both human and animals to prevent or treat gastrointestinal disorders. Recently, it was reported that Lactobacillus spp. inhibited infections by respiratory and gastroenteric viruses; however, its mechanism is not clear. Lactobacillus spp. play direct and indirect roles in the inhibitory effects of viral replication. 1) In vitro study: Highest protection effects were showed with the known probiotics L. rhamnosus GG (LGG) and L. casei Shirota against both rotavirus (RV) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV). 2) In vivo study: L. acidophilus had significant immunopotentiating effects, and was therefore recommended for use as a safe oral adjuvant for rotavirus vaccines in pigs. Oral administration of lactobacilli, such as LGG and L. gasseri, might protect a host animal from influenza virus (IFV) infection. Polysaccharides are regarded to be potentially useful and biologically active as an ingredient for pharmaceutical uses due to a variety of biological activities. Especially, sulphated polysaccharides exhibit broad-spectrum antiviral activity against enveloped viruses in vitro. With respect to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), its in vitro antiviral activity is, specifically, the inhibition of virus-cell attachment, the first step in the infection process. Recently, it was reported that sulphated polysaccharides exhibited antiviral activity against HBV, HCMV, HSV and IFV. In conclusion, Lactobacillus spp. and polysaccharides with antiviral activity against diverse viruses are potential candidates as ingredients for probiotics and medicine candidate for the prevention and treatment of viral infections in animals and humans.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; HIV-1 ; Humans ; Lactobacillus ; Orthomyxoviridae ; Polysaccharides ; Probiotics ; Resin Cements ; Rotavirus ; Rotavirus Vaccines ; Swine ; Transmissible gastroenteritis virus

The incidence of invasive diseases, including meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) was markedly decreased after routine immunization of Hib vaccine through diverse schedules in many countries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of Hib conjugate vaccines in Korean children before the implementation of a national immunization program against Hib in Korea. A multicenter controlled trial was performed on two different Hib vaccines in Korean children. A total of 319 infants were enrolled: 199 infants were immunized with the Hib polysaccharide conjugated to the tetanus toxoid (PRP-T) and 120 infants with the Hib polysaccharide conjugated to the outer-membrane protein of Neisseria meningitides (PRP-OMP). Immunogenicity was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and serum bactericidal assay. Both vaccines showed good immunologic responses after primary immunization. After 2 doses of PRP-T or PRP-OMP, 78.9% and 91.7% of infants achieved an antibody level of > or = 1.0 microgram/mL, respectively. Both vaccines were safe and well-tolerated. No serious adverse events were observed. Thus, Hib conjugate vaccines appear to be safe and show good immunogenicity in Korean infants. These results will be important reference data for the implementation of Hib vaccine in the national immunization program of Korea.
Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/administration & dosage/*adverse ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Haemophilus Vaccines/administration & dosage/*adverse effects/*immunology ; Haemophilus influenzae type b/*immunology ; Humans ; Infant ; Korea ; Polysaccharides, Bacterial/administration & dosage/*adverse effects/*immunology ; Tetanus Toxoid/administration & dosage/*adverse effects/*immunology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the mechanism of action on compatible using of total alkaloids of Radix Aconiti Praeparata and total glycosides or polysaccharides of Radix Paeoniae Alba therapy on rheumatoid arthritis in rats.

METHODThe rat models of rheumatoid arthritis of cold and dampness syndrome were treated with total alkaloids of Radix Aconiti Praeparata and total glycosides or polysaccharides of Radix Paeoniae Alba. Observed the contents of hypothalamic L-ENK, hypothalamic-END, plasmatic SP, serumal IgG, serumal cell factors (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-2, IL-10) by radioimmunity method and ultrastructural change of synovial cell in electron microscope.

RESULTTotal alkaloids of Radix Aconiti Praeparata and total glycosides or polysaccharides of Radix Paeoniae Alba could relieve arthrocele and arthralgia and elevate the contents of L-ENK, beta-END, IL-2 and degrade the contents of SP, IgG, IL-1beta, IL-6 and inhibit abnormal secretion accentuation of synovial cell like fiber.

CONCLUSIONTotal alkaloids of Radix Aconiti Praeparata and total glycosides or polysaccharides of Radix Paeoniae Alba could be used to treat rheumatoid arthritis of cold and dampness syndrome. The mechanism of action might be that the contents of center endogenous opioid peptides had increased, the synthesis and release of SP had been inhibited, the disturbance of serumal cell factor had been adjusted, and the synthesis and secretion of serum immune globulin and abnormal secretion accentuation of synovial cell had been inhibited.

Aconitum ; chemistry ; Alkaloids ; administration & dosage ; Animals ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; drug therapy ; genetics ; immunology ; Cytokines ; genetics ; immunology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Glycosides ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Male ; Paeonia ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; administration & dosage ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo investigate methods and therapeutic effects of sequential drugs treatment for central pain following spinal cord injury.

METHODSA total of 28 patients suffered from central pain following spinal cord injury were treated with sequential drugs from 1994 to 2008, including 23 males and 5 females, ranging in age from 25 to 59 years (mean 42 years). According to the patients' response to drugs, the therapy grade was adjusted step by step until the pain was relieved. Basing on VAS scores before and after drugs treatment, analgesic effect was evaluated. The first grade drugs: COX-2 inhibitors. The second grade drugs: Tricyclic antidepressant drugs (Amitriptyline) + COX-2 inhibitors + Carbamazepine. The third grade drugs: Tricyclic antidepressant drugs (Amitriptyline) + Gabapentin + Neurotropin/COX-2 inhibitors.

RESULTSThe pain of all of 28 patients was relieved to different extent. The VAS scores decreased by 23.3 +/- 1.2 in the first grade drugs treatment group. The VAS scores decreased by 54.5 +/- 3.8 in the second grade drugs treatment group. The VAS scores decreased by 65.8 +/- 5.1 in the third grade drugs treatment group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe sequential drugs treatment for central pain following spinal cord injury has a good analgesia effect and little adverse reaction.

Adult ; Amitriptyline ; administration & dosage ; Carbamazepine ; administration & dosage ; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors ; administration & dosage ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pain ; drug therapy ; Pain Measurement ; Polysaccharides ; administration & dosage ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; complications ; drug therapy

OBJECTIVETo probe into immunological mechanisms and clinical therapeutic effect of acupoint-injection of BCG polysaccharide nuclear acid (BCG-PSN) for treatment of condyloma acuminatum (CA).

METHODSTwo hundred cases were randomly divided into 4 groups. After removed the CA by laser, the treatment group (group A) was treated with acupoint-injection of BCG-PSN, the control group I (group B) with intramuscular injection of BCG-PSN, the control group II (group C) with intramuscular injection of interferon, and the blank control group (group D) with no treatment. The levels of cellular immune function were detected before treatment and after treatment of 6 months, and the cases of relapse were recorded.

RESULTSThe cured rate of 94.3% in the group A was significantly higher than 78.0% in the group B, 80.4% in the group C and 78.2% in the group D, with significant differences (P < 0.05); in the group A, CD4+ percent increased, CD8+ percent decreased, CD4+ /CD+ ratio increased, and NK cell activity increased with a low relapse rate, and with significant differences as compared with the control groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONAcupoint-injection of BCG-PSN has a better therapeutic effect and it can obviously reduce the recurrence rate of CA. The cellular immunoregulatory action is one of the mechanisms of this therapy in preventing relapse of CA.

Acupuncture Points ; Adolescent ; Adult ; BCG Vaccine ; administration & dosage ; CD4-CD8 Ratio ; Condylomata Acuminata ; immunology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Injections ; Killer Cells, Natural ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nucleic Acids ; administration & dosage ; Polysaccharides, Bacterial ; administration & dosage