1.Optimization of submerged culture for biomass and polysaccaharide of Pleurotus ostreatus BPPTCC 6017 using response surface methodology
Priyo Wahyudi ; Wibowo Mangunwardoyo ; Wahono Sumaryono ; Indrawati Gandjar
Malaysian Journal of Microbiology 2015;11(1):27-39
Aims: Polysaccharide of Pleurotus ostreatus is one of the fungal polysaccharide which has been widely studied,
produced by extracting the fruiting body. An alternative method for producing polysaccharide of P. ostreatus directly from
the mycelia instead of the fruiting body is through submerged culture. This study was aimed to determine the optimum
submerged culture conditions for producing biomass and intracellular polysaccharide of the oyster mushroom.
Methodology and results: P. ostreatus BPPTCC 6017 was collected from traditional mushroom farm in West Java,
Indonesia. Submerged fermentation was conducted in 1000 mL medium (2 L flask). Four variables were tested:
temperature, pH, agitation, and fermentation time, using central composite design of the response surface methodology.
Mycelial biomass produced, was extracted to obtain water-soluble and alkali-soluble polysaccharide. Experimental data
obtained were fitted to a second-order polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis and also analysed by
appropriate statistical methods. The 3-D response surface plots derived from the mathematical models were applied to
determine the optimum conditions: temperature 27.89 °C, initial pH medium 5.49, agitation 124.08 rpm, and fermentation
time 11.44 days. The predicted results of the models were 33.75 g/L mycelia, 0.33 g/L water-soluble polysaccharide,
and 0.64 g/L alkali-soluble polysaccharide. Those results were then verified on the optimum conditions, and produced
32.00±1.25 g/L mycelia, 0.29±0.01 g/L water-soluble polysaccharide and 0.60±0.02 g/L alkali-soluble polysaccharide,
were close to the theoretical predictions.
Conclusion, significance and impact study: The present study was a first effort to assess and obtain the optimum
conditions for producing the biomass and polysaccharides of the strain P. ostreatus BPPTCC 6017 using submerged
fermentation
Fungal Polysaccharides
2.Anti-Oxidative Activity of Pectin and Its Stabilizing Effect on Retinyl Palmitate.
Jieun RO ; Yeongseok KIM ; Hyeongmin KIM ; Soung Baek JANG ; Hyun Joo LEE ; Suharto CHAKMA ; Ji Hoon JEONG ; Jaehwi LEE
The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 2013;17(3):197-201
The purpose of this study was to examine the anti-oxidative activity of pectin and other polysaccharides in order to develop a cosmeceutical base having anti-oxidative effects towards retinyl palmitate (RP). The anti-oxidative stabilizing effects of pectin and other polysaccharides on RP were evaluated by DPPH assay and then the stabilizing effect of pectin on RP was examined as a function of time. Among the polysaccharides we examined, pectin exhibited a considerably higher anti-oxidative activity, with an approximately 5-fold greater DPPH radical scavenging effect compared to other polysaccharides. The DPPH radical scavenging effect of pectin increased gradually with increasing concentrations of pectin. At two different RP concentrations, 0.01 and 0.1% in ethanol, addition of pectin improved the stability of RP in a concentration dependent manner. The stabilizing effect of pectin on RP was more effective for the lower concentration of RP (0.01%, v/v). Further, degradation of RP was reduced following the addition of pectin as measured over 8 hours. From the results obtained, it can be suggested that pectin may be a promising ingredient for cosmeceutical bases designed to stabilize RP or other pharmacological agents subject to degradation by oxidation.
Ethanol
;
Pectins
;
Polysaccharides
;
Vitamin A
3.New Bioactive Compounds from Korean Native Mushrooms.
Seong Eun KIM ; Byung Soon HWANG ; Ja Gyeong SONG ; Seung Woong LEE ; In Kyoung LEE ; Bong Sik YUN
Mycobiology 2013;41(4):171-176
Mushrooms are ubiquitous in nature and have high nutritional attributes. They have demonstrated diverse biological effects and therefore have been used in treatments of various diseases, including cancer, diabetes, bacterial and viral infections, and ulcer. In particular, polysaccharides, including beta-glucan, are considered as the major constituents responsible for the biological activity of mushrooms. Although an overwhelming number of reports have been published on the importance of polysaccharides as immunomodulating agents, not all of the healing properties found in these mushrooms could be fully accounted for. Recently, many research groups have begun investigations on biologically active small-molecular weight compounds in wild mushrooms. In this mini-review, both structural diversity and biological activities of novel bioactive substances from Korean native mushrooms are described.
Agaricales*
;
Polysaccharides
;
Ulcer
4.Effects and mechanism of epimedium polysaccharide on solubility of icariin and baohuoside Ⅰ.
Chang LI ; Fei-Fei CHEN ; Xiao-Bin JIA ; Liang FENG ; Xiao-Bin TAN
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2021;46(22):5825-5831
This study evaluated the effects of epimedium polysaccharide(EPS) on the solubility of icariin and baohuoside Ⅰ so as to preliminary explore its solubilization function and the underlying mechanism. The solubility of these two insoluble flavonoids in water and polysaccharide solutions was compared by high performance liquid chromatography, and the mechanism was investigated by diffe-rential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and critical micelle concentration determination. The results indicated that their solubilization in crude EPS solutions was concentration-dependent. The solubility of icariin and baohuoside Ⅰ in 20 mg·mL~(-1) EPS-1-1 was 9.05 times and 5.76 times that in water, respectively; while their solubility in 20 mg·mL~(-1) EPS-2-1 was 10.55 and 8.39 times that in water, respectively. The change of the DSC thermograms suggested the formation of new complexes from icariin and baohuoside Ⅰ with polysaccharides. The critical micelle concentrations proved the micellar properties of both EPS-1-1 and EPS-2-1. In short, EPS can significantly increase the solubility of icariin and baohuoside Ⅰ, the mechanism of which may be related to the formation of micellar complexes between EPS and insoluble flavonoids.
Epimedium
;
Flavonoids
;
Polysaccharides
;
Solubility
5.Screening of an Armillaria gallica strain for Gastrodia elata cultivation.
Rui CHENG ; Tian-Rui LIU ; Yang-Hua LI ; Jun-Hui ZHOU ; Yu-Yang ZHAO ; Yuan YUAN
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2023;48(2):374-381
This study aims to screen a strain from Armillaria for the cultivation of Gastrodia elata. Specifically, Armillaria strains were isolated from different producing areas of G. elata and identified. Based on the growth characteristics of the strains and the experiment on the cultivation of G. elata, an optimal A. gallica strain was screened out. The specific process is as follows. The fungus-gro-wing materials of G. elata were collected from four producing areas and the Armillaria strains were isolated(G,Y,S,H). The strains were then identified based on morphological observation and phylogeny analysis and the commonly used strains were determined. The sucrase genotypes of the strains were identified according to our previous research findings, and the growth characteristics of the strains, such as growth rate, diameter, dry weight, and polysaccharide content of the rhizomorphs, were measured. According to the biological characteristics and sucrase genotypes, two strains were selected for the cultivation of G. elata. The tuber yield and the content of gastrodin and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol in the tuber of G. elata were measured to select the optimal strain. The results showed that the four strains were all A. gallica. The rhizomorphs of strains G and H of the same sucrase genotype had larger/higher length, growth rate, diameter, branch number, dry weight, and polysaccharide content than those of strains S and Y of the same sucrase genotype. The tuber yield and the total content of gastrodin and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol in tuber of G. elata cultivated with strain H were 6.528 kg·m~(-2) and 0.566%, respectively, which were 4.58 and 1.30 folds those of G. elata cultivated with strain S. Strains H and S were screened out from four strains of A. gallica based on the growth characteristics and sucrase genotype. According to the tuber yield and content of total gastrodin and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol in the tuber of G. elata, strain H was identified as the optimal one. The findings in this study are expected to lay a basis for cultivating G. elata with high yield and quality of tubers.
Armillaria/genetics*
;
Gastrodia
;
Polysaccharides
6.Studies on growing and development of bitter tea in Sonla province
Journal of Medicinal Materials - Hanoi 2004;9(6):169-174
Bitter tea (Che Dang-CD) was planted in experiment in high mountainous region (at the altitude of 1000m) and low mountainous region (altitude of 500-600m). The quality of its leaves collected from 2 years old age plants of Son La Province is as good as those of Cao Bang Province. Total content of saponosides, flavonoides polysaccharides, carotenoides is rather high as 10-12,49%, 4,15- 4,74%, 6,3-6,65%, and 6,0- 11,0mg% respectively. Water extracted contents reached 31,44- 36,28%. The results had suggested that the climatic, pedological and ecological conditions of Son la are suitable for developing CD culture with good quality products
tea
;
plants, medicinal
;
Flavonoids
;
Polysaccharides
7.Studies on separation, purification and structure characteristics of a polysaccharide LTC-II from Pyrola corbieri.
Zhengchang MO ; Lanfang WU ; Juan YANG ; Daoping WANG
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2011;36(12):1633-1636
OBJECTIVETo characterize the structure of polysaccharide LTC-II obtained from Pyrola corbieri.
METHODThe polysaccharide was extracted from P. corbieri by hot water and ethanol precipitation. Crude polysaccharide was purified by DEAE-Cellulose chromatography and Sephacryl S-300 HR column chromatography. The purity and molecular weight of polysaccharide was determined by gel permeation chromatography. UV, IR, optical rotation, complete acid hydrolysis, periodate oxydation, Smith degradation, partial acid hydrolysis and methylation analysis were applied to determine the structural features.
RESULTA homogeneous fraction LTC-II was obtained and its relative molecular mass was 22 000 Da. It consisted of arabinose, mannose, glucose, galactose in the molar ratio of 35. 2: 1.0: 13. 4: 4. 2. LTC-II had a backbone consisting glucose, mannose, galactose and mainly contained (1 --> 6)-linkaged glucose. The side chain possessed arabinose, glucose, galactose and mainly contained (1 --> 5)-linkaged arabinose. The terminal sugar were mainly glucose and galactose.
CONCLUSIONStudies on the preliminary characterization of polysaccharide LTC-II from P. corbieri for the first time.
Chromatography ; Polysaccharides ; chemistry ; Pyrola ; chemistry
8.Structure and Expression of Human Antibody Clones Specific for H. influenzae type b Capsular Polysaccharides.
Kyung Hyo KIM ; Gook Hyun CHUNG ; Mitchell G SCOTT ; Moon H NAHM
Journal of the Korean Pediatric Society 1995;38(5):649-659
No abstract available.
Clone Cells*
;
Humans*
;
Influenza, Human*
;
Polysaccharides*
9.Production of antioxidative exopolysaccharides of Cordyceps militaris with Vernonia amygdalina leaves in substrate.
Ruolin HOU ; Lin LI ; Kaikai XIANG ; Xiaoping WU ; Wenxiong LIN ; Mingfeng ZHENG ; Junsheng FU
Chinese Journal of Biotechnology 2019;35(4):667-676
Cordyceps militaris exopolysaccharides (EPS) have many pharmacological activities such as boosting immunity and antifatigue. To obtain EPS efficiently, we added moderate Vernonia amygdalina leaf powder as inducer to the fermentation medium to promote the production of Cordyceps militaris EPS and studied the infrared absorption spectrum and antioxidant activities of the EPS after optimization. The optimum liquid fermentation conditions were as follows: addition of Vernonia amygdalina leaf powder of 8 g/L, fermentation duration of 9 d, initial pH of 6.5, inoculation quantity of 5.0 mL. Under such a condition, the yield of Cordyceps militaris EPS reached (5.24±0.28) mg/mL, increased by 205.20% compared to the control group without adding Vernonia amygdalina leaf powder. Results of infrared analysis and antioxidant activity showed that the Vernonia amygdalina leaves had little effect on the structure and activities of Cordyceps militaris EPS. The results of this research suggest that Vernonia amygdalina leaf can enhance the production of Cordyceps militaris EPS effectively, and provides a novel method for efficient production of EPS in Cordyceps militaris.
Antioxidants
;
Cordyceps
;
Plant Leaves
;
Polysaccharides
;
Vernonia
10.Study on quality regionalization of Lycii Fructus.
Jing LI ; Yi YU ; Lan-Ping GUO ; Lu-Qi HUANG ; Xiao-Bo ZHANG ; Jian YANG
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2019;44(6):1156-1163
Lycii Fructus is a commonly used Chinese herbal medicine. Due to limited wild resources,Lycii Fructus is mainly derived from the cultivation of Lycium barbarum when it circulate in the market. Related studies have shown that there are some differences in the quality of Lycii Fructus from different regions. In August 2017,our research team went to the county areas of Ningxia,Gansu,Qinghai,Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia,which included 13 counties and planted L. barbarum. The county areas obtained 71 batches of samples. According to the content of four chemical components of polysaccharides,protein,vitamins and naringin in 71 batches,the quality of zoning was studied by SPSS and Arc GIS. The results showed that there were significant differences in the contents of polysaccharides,protein,vitamins and naringin in the sampling area. Among them,the vitamin content in Inner Mongolia was relatively high. The content of polysaccharide in Xingjiang was relatively high,the protein content of Ningxia was relatively high. The content of naringin in Inner Mongolia was relatively high. The quality of Lycii Fructus from different producing areas requires a comprehensive evaluation of multiple indicators. Through the analysis of the four chemical components and the eco-environmental factors,the chemical composition with high percentage of percentage content is affected by climatic factors,and the chemical composition with low proportion is greatly affected by soil factors. The literatures such as " Chinese Flora" are mostly recorded that L. barbarum are planted in the northwest and south central areas. There is no record of artificial planting L. barbarum in the northeast region. Through this study,it is found that Liaoning and Jilin province also have a small amount of L. barbarum cultivated. The result shows that in the middle temperature zone and warm temperature zone there are also the cultivation of L. barbarum.
China
;
Drugs, Chinese Herbal
;
Fruit
;
Lycium
;
Polysaccharides