Since the last decade, new insights into inflammatory processes have become possible by investigating the pattern of cytokines in acute and chronic sinus diseases. This review aims to update and discuss the findings of in vitro and in vivo studies concerning the role of cytokines in sinusitis and nasal polyposis. The proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6 and the neutrophil-chemoattractant interleukin-8 may play a major role in acute sinusitis, as shown in viral and allergic rhinitis. In chronic sinusitis interleukin-3 dominates the cytokine profiles, giving support to a variety of inflammatory cells. Interleukin-5 is a key protein in the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis. Activation and survival of eosinophils in nasal polyps are thought to be regulated by interleukin-5. Further investigation of cytokine expression patterns in inflammatory sinus diseases will lead to a better understanding of their pathogenesis and to a development of new therapeutic modality.
Acute Disease ; Chronic Disease ; Cytokines/immunology* ; Human ; Polyps/immunology ; Rhinitis/immunology* ; Sinusitis/immunology*

Since the last decade, new insights into inflammatory processes have become possible by investigating the pattern of cytokines in acute and chronic sinus diseases. This review aims to update and discuss the findings of in vitro and in vivo studies concerning the role of cytokines in sinusitis and nasal polyposis. The proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6 and the neutrophil-chemoattractant interleukin-8 may play a major role in acute sinusitis, as shown in viral and allergic rhinitis. In chronic sinusitis interleukin-3 dominates the cytokine profiles, giving support to a variety of inflammatory cells. Interleukin-5 is a key protein in the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis. Activation and survival of eosinophils in nasal polyps are thought to be regulated by interleukin-5. Further investigation of cytokine expression patterns in inflammatory sinus diseases will lead to a better understanding of their pathogenesis and to a development of new therapeutic modality.
Acute Disease ; Chronic Disease ; Cytokines/immunology* ; Human ; Polyps/immunology ; Rhinitis/immunology* ; Sinusitis/immunology*

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of allergic factores in eosinophilic nasal polyps. METHOD: Clinical characters of 67 eosinophilic nasal polyps patients and 26 lymphocyte nasal polyps patients were restrospeetively analyzed. Allergic factors, allergens and nasal anatomic variations were compared between two groups. RESULT: Allergic factors are proned to present in eosinophilic nasal polyps group compared with lymphocyte nasal polyps group; The positive rates of allergen skin test between eosinophilic nasal polyps group and lymphocyte nasal polyps group showed significant difference; Allergens in eosinophilic nasal polyps group are different from lymphocyte nasal polyps group; Nasal anatomic variations are different between two groups. CONCLUSION Different pathogenesis maybe exist in different pathological type nasal polyps. Allergic factors are closely relative to eosinophilic nasal polyps and nasal anatomic variations play a more important role in the formation of lymhocyte nasal polyps.
Allergens ; immunology ; Eosinophils ; pathology ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; immunology ; Nasal Polyps ; immunology ; physiopathology ; Nose ; anatomy & histology ; Skin Tests

We describe two cases of multiple lymphomatous polyposis in the gastrointestinal tract from the esophagus to the rectum. Clinical findings, histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings in paraffin embedded tissue are discussed. It is important to recognize this rare form of gastrointestinal lymphoma because of the prognostic and therapeutic implications.
Antigens, CD/analysis ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/immunology/*pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intestinal Polyps/immunology/*pathology ; Lymphoma/immunology/*pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polyps/immunology/*pathology

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical relationship between allergic rhinitis and allergic factors with chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyps. METHOD: Two hundred patients were divided into A and B two groups. Group A of 110 patients was diagnosed allergic rhinitis. Group B of 90 patients was diagnosed chronic sinusitis with or without nasal polyps. Serums sIgE was detected with EUROIMMUN, and observe the recurrence rate of chronic sinusitis with or without nasal polyps patients who accept operation treatment and observe the incidence of allergic rhinitis superinduced chronic sinusitis with or without nasal polyps. RESULT: The total positive rate of group A sIgE was 89.09%. The total positive rate of group B sIgE was 74.44%. The postoperative recurrence rate of sIgE positive group was 58.21% and the postoperative recurrence rate of sIgE negative group was 8.70% in the group B. In the group A, the positive rate of serums sIgE in allergic rhinitis with chronic sinusitis with or without nasal polyps (37.27%) was 97.56%, while the positive rate of serums sIgE in allergic rhinitis without chronic sinusitis (62.73%) was 79.71%, there is a significant difference in allergic rhinitis with or without chronic sinusitis (χ2 = 6.96, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION There is a certain correlation between allergic rhinitis and allergic factors with chronic sinusitis with or without nasal polyps. Therefore, through avoiding allergen exposure, the treatment of allergic rhinitis can effectively control recurrence rate of chronic sinusitis and nasal polyp.
Adult ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; blood ; Nasal Polyps ; complications ; immunology ; Recurrence ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; complications ; immunology ; Sinusitis ; complications ; immunology

To confirm local production of IgE, and evaluate role of immunoglobulins on eosinophil activation in nasal polyp (NP) tissue, we measured IgG, IgA, secretory IgA(sIgA), total (tIgE) and specific IgE (sIgE) to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus(DP) by ELISA in NP tissue homogenates from 51 subjects. They were classified according to skin reactivity to DP: group I, 15 highly atopic subjects; group II, 18 weakly atopic subjects; and group III, 18 non-atopic subjects. Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) level was measured by CAP system. Highest level of DP-sIgE was noted in group I, followed by group II and III (p<0.05). Nine (60%) of group I and 4 (22%) of group II subjects had detectable level of DP-sIgE with no significant differences in IgA, sIgA, and IgG. All of NP tissue had eosinophilic infiltration with no significant difference in activated eosinophil count or ECP level among 3 groups. A significant correlation was noted between EG2+ cell count and tIgE (r=0.55, p<0.05), and DP-sIgE level (r=0.60, p<0.05). A significant correlation was also noted between ECP and IgG (r=0.51, p<0.05) and DP-sIgE level (r=0.47, p<0.05) with no significant correlation with IgA or sIgA. These results suggest that DP-sIgE was detectable in NP tissue from weakly atopic subjects as well as highly atopic subjects. IgG and sIgE may have potential roles in eosinophil degranulation in NP tissue.
Blood Proteins/analysis ; Cell Degranulation/immunology ; Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/immunology ; Eosinophil Granule Proteins ; Eosinophils/immunology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A/analysis/immunology ; Immunoglobulin E/analysis/immunology ; Immunoglobulin G/analysis/immunology ; Immunoglobulins/analysis/*immunology ; Nasal Polyps/*immunology/pathology ; *Ribonucleases

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the allergic factors impact the severity of chronic rhinosinusitis or not, further more, to explore the relationship between allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis. METHOD: A retrospective review was done on 103 patients. All of these patients were under functional intranasal endoscopic sinus surgery after expectant treatment is ineffective. We devided the patients into different groups according to the result of skin prick and specific IgE and if there is difference in VAS score, Lund and Kennedy endoscopic score, Lund-Mackay CT score between the groups. We also analysed the symptoms in different chronic rhinosinusitis patients allerged to variant kinds of allergen. The SPSS 17.0 software was used to analyze the data. Statistical analysis was performed by t-test, rank order test or χ2 test. RESULT: The duration of the disease, VAS score of nasal blockage, score of Lund-Mackay CT and Lund and Kennedy endoscopic before the operation were in no statistical sense after when compared with the two groups of patients with chronic rhiriosinusitis who grouped according the result of skin prick and specific IgE. The VAS score of facial pressure and loss of smell was higher in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis which the skin prick and specific IgE were positive. The VAS score of nasal discharge was higher in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis who got negative skin prick and specific IgE result. The symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis improved with operation no matter the group of skin prick and specific IgE positive or negative and VAS score of nasal blockage improved significantly in negative group. The symptoms of sneezing, rhinorrhoea and rhinocnesmus improved after operation among the chronic rhinosinusitis patients with skin prick and specific IgE. The number of cockroach allergy is larger among the patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without polyps than the one among the patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps. CONCLUSION Allergic factor didn't impact much the severity of chronic rhinosinusitis patients who were failed in expectant treatment, besidesthe postoperative outcomes showed that only influence the severity of nasal discharge, facial pressure and loss of smell. Different kinds of allergen were found between the patients of chronic rhinosinusitis with or without polyps. No significantly functional endoscopic sinusitis sugrery outcome were related to the allergic factor. But the allergic factor may interfere the remission of nasal discharge after surgery.
Administration, Intranasal ; Allergens ; Chronic Disease ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; Nasal Obstruction ; Nasal Polyps ; surgery ; Polyps ; Postoperative Period ; Retrospective Studies ; Rhinitis ; immunology ; surgery ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; surgery ; Sinusitis

OBJECTIVETo compare the effect of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and open cholecystectomy (OC) on liver function and immune function.

METHODSForty-two patients with normal liver function underwent LC (n=21) or OC (n=21) according to the patients' preference. One day before and 7 days after the operations, the liver functions (ALT, AST, TBIL, ALB) and immune functions (CD3, CD4, CD8, NK cell percentage, IgA, IgM, IgG and C3, C4) of the patients were measured.

RESULTSNo statistical differences were found in the liver functions or immune functions between the two groups after the operation.

CONCLUSIONLC and OC show no significant difference in the effects on the liver function and immune function.

Adult ; Antibody Formation ; immunology ; Cholecystectomy ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic ; Cholelithiasis ; immunology ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Female ; Gallbladder Neoplasms ; immunology ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Immunity ; Killer Cells, Natural ; immunology ; Liver ; physiopathology ; Liver Function Tests ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polyps ; immunology ; physiopathology ; surgery

OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of the innate immune factors TLR2 and TLR4 in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) by detecting their expression in different clinical types of CRS and the normal control group. METHOD: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 respectively in 21 cases (chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, CRSwNP) group, 15 cases (chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyos, CRSsNP) group, 11 cases recurrent CRSwNP group and 13 cases control group. Positive cells were counted under the microscope artificially, Mann-Whitney U analysis was applied for the ranked data, and one-way anova analysis was adopted to analyze the experimental group and control group. RESULT: (1) TLR2 and TLR4 expression had the same characteristics. Expression mainly concentrated in parts of the whole layer of epithelial basement membrane, cytoplasm of glandular cells, very few inflammatory cells such as monocytes and plasma cells in the cytoplasm, sometimes unknown cell nuclei positive expression. (2) The glandular cells were stained manual counting and color grading. TLR2 and TLR4 packet application Wilcoxon rank test Mann-Whitney U test analysis was not statistically significant (P > 0.05), measurement data within the group variance statistical difference between the groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The Nasal mucosa can produce the innate immune factors TLR2 and TLR4. The different expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in the various clinical types of CRS suggests that they play the certain role in the pathogenesis of CRS.
Chronic Disease ; Epithelial Cells ; immunology ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Nasal Mucosa ; immunology ; metabolism ; Nasal Polyps ; immunology ; metabolism ; Rhinitis ; immunology ; metabolism ; Sinusitis ; immunology ; metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptor 2 ; metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between airborne allergen and patients with nasal polyps (NP). METHOD: Eighty-three cases of patients with NP were classified into the eosinophilic group(ENP) and non eosinophilic group (nENP) in terms of the EOS count in NP specimen, all patients underwent specific-IgE test with standardized allergens and the results were analyzed. RESULT: The specific-IgE positive rate was 59.26% in ENP group and 23.21% in the nENP group respectively (P < 0.01), and the positive rate of ENP was statistical significance compared with nENP. The dust mite was the most prevalent airborne allergen in ENP group. CONCLUSION The perennial airborne allergens may play a certain role in the etiology and pathogenesis of NP.
Adult ; Allergens ; immunology ; Animals ; Eosinophils ; cytology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; blood ; Leukocyte Count ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Polyps ; blood ; immunology ; Young Adult