The contents of polyphenol and flavonoid from leaves and fruits of tree Momordica charantia are higher than other medicinal plants. These components are very soluble in low acid medium and ethanol. In growth processing of tree Monordica charantia, the content of polyphenol and flavonoid increase in fruits and leaves, and after then it decrease little
Flavonoids ; polyphenols ; Momordica charantia

Higher dietary intake of polyphenols is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and mortality. However, these phytochemicals are predominantly present in fruits and vegetables, which are inadequately consumed by some populations, including Filipinos. This narrative mini-review explores the potential role of polyphenol-containing pigmented rice consumption in modulating risk through a range of mechanisms identified in animal studies. Further, human studies have demonstrated promising but inconsistent effects on risk factors associated with the development of CVD, such as dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, overweight and obesity. Therefore, this review identifies the need for more clinical trials to examine the effect of pigmented rice on CVD risk factors.
Cholesterol ; Glucose ; Polyphenols

Polyphenols and flavonoides from Momordica charantia are able to inhibite activities of enzymes catalase and peroxiadase strongly. Preparations are extracted from fruit whose are stronger and the strongest inhibition are flavonoid of fruit Momordica charantia. Polyphenols and flavonoide of Momordia charantia are different effects to peroxidase of Jour blood grounds of human serum. All most preparations are able to inhibit very strongly to peroxidase in serum of group AB from human blood, such as: Polyphenol of fruits AB > O > A >B, Polyphenol of leaves AB > A >B>O, Flavonoide of fruits AB > A >O>B, Flavonoide of leaves AB > A >O>B. Flavonoide of fruits and leaves make decrease Glucose of Cavy blood whithin six hour Cavy drank preparations. In which flavonoids of leaves decrease 15% and flavonoids from fruits do 30%. Preparation extracted from fruits and leaves of Mormordica charantia have anti bacterials. Especially flavonoids extracted from fruits have anti bacterial stronger, but they have a better fungistatic and all most have anti yeast.
Momordica ; polyphenols ; flavonoids ; Plants, Medicinal

Silymarin is the standardized extract from Silybum marianum which consists mainly of flavonoids and polyphenols. It is highly regarded for its hepatoprotective ability. Silybin B is a flavonolignan and one of the active components of silymarin. The content of silybin B in various parts of S. marianum was analyzed by HPLC-UV. Results show that the extract of seeds contain the highest amount of silybin B (7.434 mg/g DW). The petioles of S. marianum showed a low content of silybin B. This study revealed that seeds of S. marianum contain high amount of silybin B and could be a good source of the compound.
Flavonoids ; Milk Thistle ; Polyphenols ; Silymarin

Green tea infusion is one of the most popular drinks in many countries, especially in ASIA countries such as Japan, China and Vietnam. Green tea has been mounting regarding the anticancer, antiviral, antioxidant.
polyphenols ; green tea extract AR25 ; Plants, Medicinal

OBJECTIVETo purify polyphenols from Sabina vulgaris and to investigate its antioxidant properties.

METHODSPolyphenols were purified from Sabina vulgaris Antoine with macroporous resin HPD-700, and the quantity of polyphenols was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetry. The antioxidant properties of polyphenols were evaluated by total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and its activities of scavenging DPPH (1,1 diphenyl-2-picry-hydrazyl) radicals, superoxide anion (O2·-), hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP).

RESULTSAfter purification, the purity of polyphenols increased from 0.053% to 0.995%.The antioxidant properties study showed that its inhibition rate of scavenging DPPH radicals and FRAP was 151.83 U/ml and 204.59 U/ml. Its scavenging capacity for superoxide anion (O2·-) and hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) was 151.83 U/ml and 204.59 U/ml. The total antioxidant capacity was 72.68 U/ml.

CONCLUSIONPolyphenols from Sabina vulgaris Antoine have high antioxidant properties, suggesting that it worth further study of its pharmacological effects.

Sea buckthorn(Hippophae rhamnoides) is widely distributed, with abundant resources, a long history of application, and rich nutrition and high medicinal value. Therefore, it has attracted extensive attention from researchers at home and abroad. The focus of attention is mainly on sea buckthorn fruit, but with weak research and development of sea buckthorn leaves. In order to develop and utilize abundant resources of sea buckthorn leaves, this paper systematically reviewed domestic and foreign literatures and summarized the current application, harvesting and processing, chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of sea buckthorn leaves. Sea buckthorn leaves have a wide development and utilization value in food raw materials(like a substituting-for-tea plant), pharmaceutical raw materials and animal feed. Modern studies have shown that the leaves of sea buckthorn are rich in polysaccharides, flavonoids, polyphenols, triterpenes and steroids, as well as vitamins(especially vitamin C), proteins, amino acids and mineral elements. It has various pharmacological effects, such as anti-obesity, hypoglycemia, anti-oxidation, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-cardiovascular diseases. Domestic and foreign studies have showed that sea buckthorn leaves have important development and utilization prospects, and are worth further study and development.
Animals ; Flavonoids ; Fruit ; Hippophae ; Plant Leaves ; Polyphenols

OBJECTIVETo establish a method for analyzing the content of total polyphenols in leaves of Jatropha curcas. L.

METHODSGallic acid was used as reference substance, the content of total polyphenols was analyzed Folin-Ciocalteu chromatometry.

RESULTSThere was a good linearity for gallic acid in the range of 0.002-0.010 g.L(-1). The content of total polyphenols in the leaves of Jatropha curcas. L was approximately 6.74% with RSD 0.75%. The sample solution was stable during 10-90 min with RSD 0.28%. The precision RSD was 0.23% and the average recovery 99.85% (n=5).

CONCLUSIONThis method is simple, fast and reproducible.

Three different origins of Anoectochilus roburghii were used as experimental materials to study the effect of three different substrate( peat soil-river sand-peanut shell) radio on survival rate,plant height,stem diameter,plant fresh weight,root number,the longest root length,root diameter,and the contents of polysaccharide,flavonoids,and polyphenol. The results showed that when the substrate ratio was 4 ∶2 ∶2,the survival rate of A. roburghii from different origins was the highest,and the plant height,stem diameter,plant fresh weight,the longest root length and root diameter were also the largest. The cultivation substrate had no significant effect on the polysaccharide content of A. roxburghii and A. formosanus. When the substrate ratio was 4 ∶ 2 ∶ 2,the polysaccharide content of A.chapaensis was significantly lower than that of the other two combinations. When the substrate ratio was 4 ∶2 ∶1,the flavonoid content of A. formosanus was higher than that of the other two combinations. When the substrate ratio was 4 ∶2 ∶2,A. formosanus and A. chapaensis had higher polyphenol content.
Flavonoids ; analysis ; Orchidaceae ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Polyphenols ; analysis ; Polysaccharides ; analysis

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effects and potential mechanisms of tea polyphenols intervention on excess alcohol intake induced liver injury in rats. This study established the animal model of chronic liver injury rats induced by alcohol. Our results will provide experimental evidence for the effects of tea polyphenol on chronic alcoholic liver injury. METHODS: Alcohol-induced liver injury rat models were established, and the tea polyphenols intervention was performed in the meantime. After 8 weeks, rats were anesthetized, and visceral fat and liver samples were separated, weighted and stored. Visceral fat content was evaluated in fat/body weight ratio. Liver lipid accumulation was assessed by liver index and the result of Oil Red O staining. Hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, total antioxidant capacity assay (T-AOC) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity were detected. And fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36) protein level in liver was detected. RESULTS: Compared with the control group rats, the fat/body weight ratio, SOD/MDA, T-AOC and GSH-Px activity of chronic liver injury rats were decreased significantly (<0.05,<0.01). Meanwhile the liver index, FAT/CD36 protein level and lipid deposition in liver of chronic liver injury rats were increased (<0.01). Compared with chronic liver injury rats, the tea polyphenols intervention increased fat/body weight ratio (<0.05), and significantly increased SOD/MDA, T-AOC and GSH-Px activity (<0.01). Meanwhile the tea polyphenols intervention reduced liver index (<0.01), FAT/CD36 protein level (<0.01) and lipid deposition in liver. CONCLUSIONS Tea polyphenols intervention can improve lipid deposition and oxidative stress in chronic alcoholic liver, which is concurrent with decreased FAT/CD36 protein expression on the hepatocyte membrane.
Animals ; Antioxidants ; Liver ; Malondialdehyde ; Polyphenols ; Rats ; Superoxide Dismutase ; Tea