OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of the essential substance from the Polygonum oriental.

METHODChromatographic techniques were employed for isolation and purification of the constituents and their structures were determined by spectral analysis and chemical evidence.

RESULTSeven compounds were obtained and identified as ombuine-3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside (1), ombuine-3-O-rutinoside (2), tryptophan (3), quercetin-3-O-methyl ether (4), kaempferol-3-O-(2"-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl) -beta-D-glucuronopyranoside (5), quercetin-3-O-(2"-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucuronopyranoside (6), quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucuronide (7).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 4-7 were isolated from P. oriental for the first time and compounds 1-3 were firstly obtained from the genus Polygonum. The total 1H and 13C-NMR date of compound 1 were assigned for first time.

To understand the distribution and accumulation rules of polydatin, resveratrol, anthraglycoside B, emodin and physicion in different tissue structure of rhizome and root of Polygonum cospidatum, the content of 5 active compounds were analyzed simultaneously by HPLC, based on plant anatomy and histochemistry. The rhizome and root consist of different tissues, with an increased diameter, the proportions of the secondary xylem and phloem have increased. Resveratrol and polydatin mainly distributed in the pith, the secondary phloem and periderm of rhizome, and the secondary phloem and periderm of the root, while emodin and anthraglycoside B concentrated in the secondary structure and pith of rhizome mostly. In different thickness of the measured samples, the total contents of 5 compounds were correspondingly higher in thinner rhizome and root than those in the coarse ones.
Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Polygonum ; chemistry ; Rhizome ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo explore the character of inorganic elements in Polygonum multiflorum.

METHODThe contents of elements such as Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Mn, Mg, Fe, Na, Ni, P, Se, Sr, Ti and Zn in nine P. multiflorum samples were determined by means of ICP-AEC. The results were used for the development of element distrubution diagram. The principal component analysis and one-way ANOVA of SPSS were applied for the study of characteristic elements in P. multiflorum.

RESULTThe contents of Al, Ca, K, Mg, Sr,Ti in wild P. multiflorum were remarkable higher than those in cultured P. multiflorum, and there was no significant difference between cultured and wild in the other elements. Five principal components which accounted for over 90% of the total variance were extracted from the original data. The analysis results show that Al, B, Ba, Fe, Na, Ni, Ti, Ca and Sr may be the characteristic elements in P. multiflorum. The element distrubution diagram of the sample from Tianyang was remarkable different comparing with the others.

CONCLUSIONThe principal component analysis could be used in data processing in inorganic elements.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the quality of Polygonum perfoliatum collected from GAP planting base efficiently so as to provide scientific evidence for its GAP tending plant by HPLC fingerprinting method.

METHODAnalysis was performed on a reserved-phase column Lichrosher-C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm), A linear gradient elution of 0.2% aqueous acetic acid and acetonitrile was used for the separation.

RESULTWildlife tending P. perfoliatum was relatively stable. The chromatograms of the samples from 2011 were more accordant than those from 2010. Samples in Dafang were the most stable and had little differences during the two years. The quality of P. perfoliatum planted in the regions of sample GBG-(GD) 002 in Guiding and sample GBG-(LL) 003 in Longli were more stable and better than those from other regions.

CONCLUSIONIt is a feasible method that can be used to evaluate the quality of P. perfoliatum for GAP planting.

Two new sucrose cinnamates(1 and 2) along with nine known compounds(3-11) were isolated from ethanol extract of Polygonum lapathifolium var. salicifolium by silica gel column chromatography, ODS column chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods including 1 D-and 2 D-NMR experiments, as well as HR-ESI-MS analysis. Eleven compounds(7 sucrose cinnamates, 3 phenylpropanoids and 1 lactone) were obtained and their structures were identified as(1,3-O-di-p-coumaroyl)-β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2→1)-α-D-glucopyranoside(1),(1,3-O-di-p-coumaroyl)-β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2→1)-(6-O-acetyl)-α-D-glucopyranoside(2),(3-O-feruloyl)-β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2→1)-(6-O-p-coumaroyl)-α-D-glucopyranoside(3), hydropiperoside(4), vanicoside C(5),(1,3-O-di-p-coumaroyl)-β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2→1)-(6-O-feruloyl)-α-D-glucopyranoside(6), vanicoside B(7),trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid methyl ester(8), trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid ethyl ester(9), methyl ferulate(10) and dimethoxydimethylphthalide(11), respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 were two new sucrose cinnamates, and compounds 1-11 were isolated from this plant for the first time. The antioxidant activities of the isolated compounds 1-9 were investigated by an oxygen radical absorbance capacity(ORAC) assay, and all nine compounds were found to show strong antioxidant activities. Among them, compound 6(10 μmol·L~(-1)) was the supreme one in antioxidant activities, with its ORAC value equivalent to(1.60±0.05) times of 50 μmol·L~(-1) Trolox.
Antioxidants ; Cinnamates ; Esters ; Molecular Structure ; Polygonum ; Sucrose

A method for simultaneously identifying antioxidative compounds was developed using time-based LC-MS coupled with DPPH assay regardless of the time consuming process. The methanolic extract of Polygonum aviculare (Polygonaceae) showed significant DPPH radical scavenging activity. Time-based DPPH assay for simultaneous identification of active compounds from the extracts of P. aviculare was used. Major peaks of ethyl acetate fraction of P. aviculare showed high DPPH radical scavenging activity. A simple phenolic compound (1) and six flavonoids (2-7) were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of P. aviculare by silica gel and sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The structures of seven compounds were determined to be protocatechuic acid (1), catechin (2), myricitrin (3), epicatechin-3-O-gallate (4), avicularin (5), quercitrin (6), and juglanin (7) based on the analysis of the 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and ESI-MS data. All compounds exhibited significant antioxidant activity on DPPH assay and active compounds were well correlated with predicted one.
Catechin ; Chromatography ; Flavonoids ; Methanol ; Phenol ; Polygonum* ; Silica Gel

To establish a UPLC method for simultaneous determination of seven chemical markers (gallic acid, catechin, alphitonin, taxifolin, kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside, and kaempferol-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside) of the flowers of Polygonum Oriental collected from Guizhou province. Separation was performed at 45 degrees on a ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 1.7 microm) with a gradient solvent system of 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile-0.1% aqueous formic acid as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 0.3 mL x min(-1), the detection wavelength was 280 nm, and the sample injection volume was 1 microL. In the selected linear range, all calibration curves of the seven chemical markers showed good linearity. The recoveries (n = 6) were in the range of 97.90% -101.4% and RSD were less than 3.8%. The results showed that the seven compounds contained in all the samples of the flowers of P. orientale can be chosen as their chemical markers and that this UPLC-PAD method is simple, reliable and suitable for the quality control of the flowers of P. orientale. However, the chemical markers may be present at different levels for samples collected in different areas and at different times. A collection time of mid-to-late August with relatively high content of the chemical markers was suggested for the flowers of P. orientale.
Chromatography, Liquid ; instrumentation ; methods ; Flowers ; chemistry ; Lasers, Semiconductor ; Polygonum ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents in herbs of Polygonum jucundum.

METHODThe 85% ethanol extract was separated by means of silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The compounds isolated from the plant were identified by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic evidence.

RESULTEight compounds were isolated and identified as: quercetin-3'-O-beta-D-galactoside (1), 8-methoxyquercetin (2), pigenin (3), luteolin (4), quercetin (5), 3,5,7-trihydroxychromone (6), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (7), beta-sitosterol (8).

CONCLUSIONAll compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time, compounds 5- 8 were isolated from the genus Polygonum for the first time.

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents in the active portion from the flowers of Polygonum oriental.

METHODChromatographic techniques were employed for isolation and purification of the constituents and their structures were determined by spectral analysis and chemical evidence.

RESULTNine compounds were obtained and identified as alphitonin (1), methyl 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoate (2), apocynin (3), kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-glucoside (4), 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene (5), 3,3'-dimethoxyellagic-acid-4-O-beta-D-glucoside (6), kaempferol-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside (7), quercetin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside (8), kaempferol (9).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 2, 4, 5 were isolated from P. oriental for the first time and compounds 1, 3 were firstly obtained from the genus Polygonum.

The desire to maintain youth and beauty has led to an increase in the use of health foods and herbs. Because Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. is thought to prevent hair loss and maintain black hair, this herb in particular has captured public interest in Korea and China. Although there have been many reports regarding the toxic effects of herbs and health foods, the potential toxicity of this herb has not yet been reported. Here, we discuss two cases of toxic hepatitis due to Polygonum multiflorum ingestion and present a review of the relevant literature.
Adolescent ; Beauty ; China ; Drug-Induced Liver Injury ; Eating ; Hair ; Food, Organic ; Humans ; Korea ; Polygonum