To study chemical constituents of Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce, the compounds were separated with column chromatography and HPLC. On the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral data, their structures were confirmed. Nine compounds were isolated and identified as 5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxyl-8-methyl-3-(2',4'-dihydroxybenzyl)chroman-4-one (1), 5,7-dihydroxy-6-methyl-3-(2',4'-dihydroxybenzyl)chroman-4-one (2), 5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxyl-8-methyl-3-(4'-methoxybenzyl)chroman-4-one (3), disporopsin (4), chrysoeriol (5), 5,4'-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-6-methylflavone (6), N-trans-feruloyltyramine (7), N-trans-feruloyloctopamine (8), and (+)-syringaresinol (9). Compounds 1-3 are new homoisoflavanones. Compounds 4-9 are isolated from this plant for the first time.
Isoflavones ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Polygonatum ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo conduct comparative study on the volatile components from Polygonati Rhizoma during processing.

METHODVolatile oil was obtained from Polygonati Rhizoma by steam distillation (SD). Volatile components were concentrated by a purge and trap-thermal desorption (P&T-TD) method, and analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which were comparative by analyzed with the method of SD-GC-MS simultaneously.

RESULTThe change in quantity and quality of volatile components in pre and post processed Polygonati Rhizoma were observed. Fifty-one compounds were checked out with SD-GC-MS, while 11 compounds with P&T-TD-GC-MS.

CONCLUSIONThis study is useful to illustrate the mechanism of decreasing toxicity and stimulating components after being processed.

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Oils, Volatile ; analysis ; Polygonatum ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the thin layer chromatographic (TLC) fingerprint of flavonoid constituents from Polygonatum odoratum, to set up the identification protocol of the herbal and provide scientific information for its quality control.

METHODThe ethanol extracts were separated on silica gel G precoated plate with a mixture of toluene-ethylacetate-formic acid (5:4:1) as the mobile phase. The spots were visualized with ammonia vapor, then were examined under ultraviolet light (365 nm). The plate was scanned at wavelengths of lambdaR = 500 nm, lambdaS = 280 nm.

RESULTA fingerprint of flavonoids of P. odoratum, with 10 specific fluorescent spots while examined under ultraviolet light, was set up.

CONCLUSIONThe method can be used for quality control of P. odoratum.

Chromatography, Thin Layer ; methods ; Flavonoids ; analysis ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polygonatum ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Rhizome ; chemistry

Polygonatum plants are perennial plants of Liliaceae. There are about 60 species reported at home and abroad,32 species in China,mainly distributed in the north temperate zone. Their main chemical components are steroidal saponins,polysaccharides,flavonoids,alkaloids,etc. They have anti-aging,anti-tumor,immunomodulation,antibacterial,antiviral,hypoglycemic and blood lipid effects. With the development of health industry,Polygonati Rhizome used as medicine and food has attracted great attention in recent years,and has become a research hotspot. However,the material basis of its efficacy is unclear and the product quality is uneven,which seriously limited the rapid upgrading of the industry. This review summarizes Polygonatum plants system classification,the chemical composition and pharmacological activity to provide theoretical basis for the development and utilization of Polygonatum plants.
China ; Phytochemicals ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polygonatum ; chemistry ; Rhizome ; chemistry

To reveal the variation of polysaccharides and alcohol-soluble extractives of rhizomes Polygonatum cyrtonema from different producing areas,growing years,and harvesting seasons,25 wild samples from the main producing areas( provenances) of China and 6 artificial cultivated samples were collected and detected. The 6-year-old rhizomes of the artificial cultivation were gathered from Qingyuan,Zhejiang every 2 months during 2016 to 2017. Anthrone-sulfuric acid method and hot-dip method were used to determine the contents of polysaccharides and alcohol-soluble extractives respectively. The results showed that provenances,age sections and harvesting seasons affected the quality of Polygonati Rhizoma significantly. The content of polysaccharides from different provenances varied from 6. 96% to 20. 09%,and the content of extractives varied from 32. 08% to 78. 99%. The polysaccharides and extractives' content were the highest at 2-year-age sections,active constituents accumulation peaked in the third year,then decreased significantly with age increasing. The contents of polysaccharides and extractives accumulated were highest when aerial parts,up to 15. 39% and 78. 99% respectively. In summary,the activity and consistency fluctuated with producing areas. while such phenomenon indicated a huge potential of breeding. Additionally,the results showed that collecting Polygonati Rhizoma in February or August as herbal textual recorded were unreasonable,neither in spring or autumn according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia( 2015 edition). Because these collecting periods didn't have the highest contents of polysaccharides and extractives. Therefore,based on phenological options,the rhizomes of P. cyrtonema should be harvested when the aboveground parts had just withered.
China ; Ethanol ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Polygonatum ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; chemistry ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Seasons ; Spatio-Temporal Analysis

In this paper, the five strains of Polygonatum odoratum were used as the experimental materials to test the supercooling point, freezing point, the degree of supercooling, the transition stage time, cooling time and water composition of the plant tissue. The cold resistance of P. odoratum was analyzed with the Gray Correlation Method. The results showed that the cold resistances of the five strains of P. odoratum were different, and the water content of plant tissue had some relevance with freezing point and supercooling point, whereas, it could not be measured when the moisture content was too low. The order of cold resistance of the five strains of P. odoratum was ZJCY, DYYZ, XYYZ, CYYZ and JZ I.
Cold Temperature ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; physiology ; Polygonatum ; chemistry ; classification ; physiology ; Water ; analysis

To clarify the change and development of the original plants， medicinal organs， traditional functions， resource distribution of "Huangjing"(Polygonati Rhizome)， a traditional Chinese medicine， we investigated Polygonatum species on the ancient Chinese herbal texts. The name of "Nüwei" was first carried out in the book of Sheng Nong's Herbal Classic. Its effects included two aspects： one was similar to "Weirui"(Polygonati Odorati Rhizome， "Yuzhu")， that was tonifying， nourishing one's vitality， removing wind and dampness， settling five organs， making body lightness， keeping longevity and not being hungry; the second was alike to "Huangjing" recorded in the book of Ming Yi Bie Lu(Appendant Records of Famous Physicians). Specifically， "Weirui" possesses the therapeutic effect of "Nüwei"， while "Huangjing" possesses the tonic effect of " Nüwei". Thereafter， the following ancient Chinese herbal texts kept those two names and function records. Accordingly， we hold the point of view that "Huangjing" was first carried out in the book of Sheng Nong's Herbal Classic in the synonym of "Nüwei". "Yuzhu" included the "Huangjing" in ancient herbal text before Qing Dynasty， that was further confirmed by the research on change and development of the original plants. The identification between "Yuzhu" and "Huangjing" was based on the shape of rhizome and size before early Tang Dynasty. The shape was a key character and used up to now， but size was not reasonable. The opposite phyllotaxy was an important character of authentic "Huangjing" from Tang to Qing Dynasty. The seedling of Polygonatum sibiricum and P. kingianum， the adult plant of P. cyrtonema with alternate leaves were misused as "Yuzhu"("Nüwei" and "Weirui") at that time. Therefore， both "Yuzhu" and "Huangjing" should be used as key words during the search of ancient prescriptions and development of new drugs and health foods. The leaves， flowers， fruits and seedlings could be used as food or medicine other than the rhizomes in ancient China， but they haven't been developed in modern times. The culture of "Huangjing" had a long history starting with Tang Dynasty， which was recorded in Tang poetry. Then in Ming Dynasty， the culture method was described in Compendium of Materia Medica， that was cutting the rhizomes into 2 feet， planting sparsely(they would be grown densely in the next year)， or sowing the seeds. The harvesting and processing were first recorded in Ming Yi Bie Lu： "harvest the roots in February， dry in the shade". Then the processing method was changed to "steaming and drying in the sun， repeatedly for nine times" in Shi Liao Ben Cao(Dietetic Materia Medica) and "harvesting in August as well" in Ben Cao Tu Jing(Commentaries on the Illustrations). No breakthrough has been taken in the breeding of cultivars and key cultivation technologies yet. As to the geo-authentic habitats， Mount Songshan and Maoshan were firstly recorded as the best producing areas of "Huangjing" in Ben Cao Tu Jing. But Maoshan， Jiangsu province and Mount Songshan， Henan province， are not main producing areas in modern China. Consequently， the plantation plan of Polygonati Rhizome needs further study.
China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Herbals as Topic ; Materia Medica ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Polygonatum ; chemistry ; Rhizome ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents of Polygonatum odoratum.

METHODSilica gel column chromatography was used to separate and purify the chemical constituents. The structures were elucidated by chemical and spectral analysis.

RESULTOne dipeptide and one furostanol glycoside were isolated from the rhizomes of P. odoratum, and their structures were identified as O-acetate of N (N-benzoyl-S-phenylalaninyl)-S-phenylalaninol (1) and 22-hydroxy-25 (R and S)-furost-5-en-12-on-3beta,22,26-triol 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), respectively.

CONCLUSIONCompound (2) is a new compound and is first reported to be of the furostanol monoglycoside glycosylated at C-26.

Glucosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Conformation ; Molecular Structure ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polygonatum ; chemistry ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Steroids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo investigate the anti-HIV constituents from the root of Polygonatum kingianum.

METHODThe compounds were isolated by column chromatography on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, MCI-gel CHP-20P and their structures were determined on the basis of their spectroscopic evidence including IR, MS and NMR data.

RESULT13 compounds were isolated, of which nine compounds were identified as liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin, 4', 7-dihydroxy-3'-methoxyisoflavone, (6aR, 11aR)-10-hydroxy-3, 9-dimethoxypterocarpan, 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde, salicylic acid, n-butyl-beta-D-fructopyranoside, n-butyl-beta-D-fructofuranoside, n-butyl-alpha-D-fructofuranoside.

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1-6 were obtained from this plant for the first time.

Chalcone ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Chalcones ; Flavanones ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polygonatum ; chemistry ; Salicylic Acid ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVEThe microscopic structure and histochemical localization of the Polygonatum sibiricum, P. cytonema, P. filipes, P. zanlanscianense and P. odoratum was studied.

METHODScanning electron microscope (SEM) and digital biological microscope (DBM) were applied in the research.

RESULTVenation bundle showed in three types included collateral, amphivasal and incomplete amphivasal bundles. Morphological differences of venation bundles could be seen under the fluorescence microscope. Calcium oxalate existed in the mucilage cells looked similar to columnar crystals under SEM. In rhizome of Polygonatum, polysaccharides presented in mucilage cells, saponins and volatile oil were found in ground tissue.

CONCLUSIONMicrostructure difference of rhizomes would be used for identification of the Polygonatum plants. Polysaccharides and saponins are distributed in different cells of Polygonatum plants.

Calcium Oxalate ; analysis ; Histocytochemistry ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Oils, Volatile ; analysis ; Polygonatum ; chemistry ; ultrastructure ; Polysaccharides ; analysis ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; ultrastructure ; Saponins ; analysis