Experimental replacements of rabbit vitreous by air, normal saline, dextran and Haemaccel were tried in albino rabbits. After aspiration of 0.7ml of liquid vitreous from the central portion of vitreous, 0.5ml of substitutes were injected. Clinically, these substitutes were well tolerated with slight uveal inflammation which subsided within one week. Intraocular pussure returned to normal value after 5 days. Hexosamine content of the whole vitreous samples showed moderate increase after Haemaccel injection which decreased slowly thereafter, whereas no significant changes were observed with other substitutes. Hydroxyproline content of the whole vitreous also showed marked increase after injection of Haemaccel, owing to the high hydroxyproline content of HaemacceJ. After 6 weeks 22.9% of the injected hydroxyproline remained in the vitreous. With other substitutes no change was observed.
Dextrans ; Hydroxyproline ; Inflammation ; Polygeline ; Rabbits ; Reference Values

To determine the effects of Haemaccel upon liver, kidney, serum electrolytos and hemostatic functions, 500 ml. of 3.5% Haemaccel solution was administered intravenously to 20 patients during elective surgery. In all cases estimated blood loss was less than 600 ml. without replacement. RBC, WBC, hemoglobin; hematocrit, ESR, platelet, bleeding time, coagulation time and prothrombin time were determined immediately before, and again 30 minutes and 5 hours after infusion; and total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT, alkaline phosphatase, BUN, sodium and potassium were ehecked immediately before, and again 5 hours and 24 hours after the end of infusion. The results are as follows: 1) No anaphylactic shock or bleeding tendency characteristic of colloids was encountered. 2) No functional disturbances of liver or kidney directly attributable to Haemaccel were identified. 3) No pathological changes were noted in general laboratpry parameters except for elevated ESR, probably due to decreased blood viscosity, dilution of blood and to pseudoagglutination of red cells.
Alanine Transaminase ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Anaphylaxis ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Bilirubin ; Bleeding Time ; Blood Platelets ; Blood Viscosity ; Clinical Study* ; Colloids ; Hematocrit ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Kidney ; Liver ; Polygeline* ; Potassium ; Prothrombin Time ; Sodium

OBJECTIVETo determine the optimal dose of colloid preload, which is both safe and effective, for preventing hypotension in parturients undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia.

METHODSForty-five healthy, termed parturients scheduled for cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia were randomly assigned to 3 colloid preload groups to receive gelofusine infusion at the rates of 5, 10, or 15 ml·kg(-1)·h(-1) (groups I, II, and III, respectively). Colloid preload was administered 10 min before spinal anesthesia and maintained until the delivery. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) of the parturients were monitored during the operation, and Apgar scores at 1 and 5 min after birth were recorded. S100β protein concentration and blood gas values of the umbilical artery were also measured. The vascular adaptation in the placental villous capillary was evaluated stereologically.

RESULTSAt each time point of measurement, BP and HR showed no significant differences among the 3 groups during the operation (P>0.05), but within the same group, BP and HR underwent significant variations during the operation; groups II and III maintained more stable hemodynamics compared to group I. Apgar scores and blood gas analysis, pH value, and S100β protein in the umbilical artery showed no significant differences among the 3 groups (P>0.05). The 3 groups exhibited no significant differences in the length and volume density of the placental villous capillaries (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONColloid preload with gelofusine administered at the rate of 10 ml·kg(-1)·h(-1) can reduce the incidence and severity of hypotension in cesarean section under spinal anesthesia with the least adverse maternal and fetal effects.

Adult ; Anesthesia, Obstetrical ; Anesthesia, Spinal ; Cesarean Section ; methods ; Colloids ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Fetal Blood ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hypotension ; prevention & control ; Nerve Growth Factors ; blood ; Placenta ; blood supply ; Polygeline ; administration & dosage ; Pregnancy ; S100 Proteins ; blood

Injection pain of propofol remains a common clinical problem. Previous studies demonstrated that propofol injection pain was alleviated by applying nitroglycerin ointment to the skin of injection site, which inspires us to test whether venous vasodilation induced by fluid preload could alleviate the pain. Different types or volumes of fluid preload were compared. 200 ASA I-II adult patients were randomly assigned to five groups of 40 each. A 20 G cannula was established on the dorsum or wrist of the hand. When fluid preload given with Plasma-Lyte A 100 mL (P100 group), 250 mL (P250 group), 500 mL (P500 group), 0.9% saline 500 mL (N500 group) or Gelofusine 500 mL (G500 group) was completed within 30 min, respectively, Propofol (0.5 mg/kg, 1%) was injected at a rate of 0.5 mL/s. A blind investigator assessed the pain using a four-point scale. Incidence of pain in P100, P250, and P500 groups was 87.5%, 57.5% and 35%, respectively (P<0.05). The median pain intensity score was significantly lower in P500 group than that in P250 and P100 groups (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). Comparison of the effect of different types of solution preload indicated that the highest incidence of pain was in N500 group (62.5%) (N500 vs. P500, P=0.014; N500 vs. G500, P=0.007). The median pain intensity score in N500 group was higher than that in P500 group (P<0.05) and G500 group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between P500 and G500 groups. It is suggested that Plasma-Lyte A or Gelofusine preload with 500 mL before propofol injection is effective in alleviating propofol-induced pain.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Electrolytes ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; adverse effects ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pain ; drug therapy ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Plasma Substitutes ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Polygeline ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Propofol ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects